液压助力转向系统及英文翻译.doc

液压助力转向系统文件种类及编号：美国专利7337872摘要：液压助力转向系统带有舵机及液压装置，在司机驾驶车辆时可以辅助方向盘驱动，尤其是汽车驾驶。其中的部件需要提供一个额外的转向力矩。提供额外转向力矩的部件至少包括一个附加的转向器和一个辅助扭矩探测器，将他们安装成为一个模块，通过方向盘轴连接方向盘的转向器。专利发明者:Bhm, Jrgen (Oberneisen, DE) Linkenbach, Steffen (Eschborn, DE) Hoffmann, Oliver (Frankfurt, DE) Nell, Joachim (Hanau, DE) Schirling, Andreas (Pfungstadt, DE) Muth, Norman (Frankenberg, DE) Grlach, Johannes (Langgns, DE) 申请号: 10/504211 存档日期: 02/17/2003 出版日期:03/04/2008 技术领域:180/404-407, 180/417, 180/421-423, 180/444, 701/41-43, 180/446, 180/419, 180/427-428, 180/443 美国文献参考:4681182：July, 1987.Suzuki et al.180/444.Electric power steering apparatus4909343：March, 1990.Mouri et al.180/422.Electric power steering system5086859：February, 1992.Takahashi et al.180/446.Method and system for controlling electric power steering5785144：July, 1998.Cakmaz et al.180/422.Power steering system/servo control5854987: December, 1998.Sekine et al.701/41.Vehicle steering control system using navigation system5893430:April, 1999.Koike.180/443.Steering apparatus for automotive vehicle5931256:August, 1999.Langkamp.180/422.Device for controlling a reaction force using an electric motor to provide a steering assistance force in a hydraulic power steering system6052633:April, 2000.Fukuyama et al.701/41.Power steering apparatus for electric vehicle6131059:October, 2000.Kaji et al.701/41.Steering angle middle point detecting device and power steering apparatus6158545:December, 2000.Kaji et al.180/446.Power steering apparatus6285936:September, 2001.Bohner et al.701/41.Steering system for a vehicle6470994:October, 2002.Shimizu et al.180/446.Electric power steering apparatus国外参考:EP0580997.June, 1993.Power-assisted steering for a motor vehicle.EP1142746.October, 2001.Vehicle steering assembly其他参考:International Search Report of Application No. PCT/EP03/01552 dated May 22, 2003. 主审:Morris, Lesley D. 助审:Scharich, Marc A.描述：技术领域：液压助力转向系统带有舵机及液压装置，在司机驾驶车辆时以辅助方向盘驱动，尤其是汽车驾驶。与此相关是需要提供一个额外转向力矩。发明背景：随着汽车技术的不断更新，尤其对于客运车辆，一般都装有液压的或电液的助力转向系统，下文称为“液压助力转向系统”。助力装置的配置，如安排在方向盘转向机制中的液压缸一样。通过旋转方向盘产生一个力（扭矩），将这个力加在辅助装置上再反作用于转向机构。减小了转向所需的扭矩，从而使得驾驶员在驾驶过程中更加放心。 我们知道，设计的主要技术是助力或舵机增压的速度响应问题。一个典型的例子就是低车速进入停车位或者腾出一个停车空间，显而易见，这种情况下以较高的辅助扭矩应为首选。在高速驾驶时一个很小的扭矩能产生一个大的转向力矩是很理想的。发明简介发明对象是要提供一个液压助力转向系统。这个系统能提供一个可变扭矩，并且可以非常容易的集成到液压助力转向系统中。这个对象的发明均为自主知识产权。“steering wheel”这个术语，在这指的是一切转向的驱动调节装置，如方向盘，控制杆或操纵杆。这项发明的实质，是快速的提供一个有多个单位力矩组成额外转向力矩，同时也意味着需要一套检测装置并且与转向系统构成一个模块，安装在方向盘轴上，以连接方向盘和舵机。该发明说明额外扭矩舵机包括一个连接到操纵杆的电气发动机。 该发明说明，是指为提供转向力矩而增设一个电动机，由此就要增加一个的电子控制和调节单元（ ECU ） ，以及一个冗余的方向盘扭矩传感器。 该发明说明，是指为提供转向力矩而增设一个传动装置以配合额外的扭矩动作。据发明，齿轮皮带驱动、螺旋蜗轮或齿轮传动等传动系统中最好的是皮带驱动。 该发明说明了一个电子控制及调节单元（ ECU ）促使附加力矩动作，以产生更大的方向盘转矩，以适应当前的车辆行驶速度。 该发明说明了该电子控制及调节单元（ ECU ）促使额外扭矩动作，产生额外方向盘扭矩，以适应汽车的行驶过程中的路况。 最后，他还有利于象征性的提供一种轨道检测方法，确定其标准轨道或大概的轨道角度，检测或估算道路的形状。实际跟踪检测的方法，确定一个实际的方向和实际的轨道夹角从而检测和估算车辆的航向。对照的方法，也就是说比较理想轨迹和理想轨迹角与实际轨迹与实际轨迹角。再者，用零点位移的方法，以取代通过比照方法而得出的转向操作杆的零点特性曲线。 据发明，一个电子控制及调节单元（ ECU ）促使附加力矩动作，以产生更大的方向盘转矩，以适应当前汽车动力学，特别是目前的横向加速度。 根据这项发明，额外扭矩提供者是电机，电磁，或液压致动器。 这项发明的目的还是通过液压助力转向系统实现的，这个液压系统包括一个转 向装置，一个支持由汽车司机控制的方向盘的液压执行器，特别是那些与应用附加 转向扭矩有关的机动车，其特点是有效的应用了附加转向扭矩，包括至少一个附加 的扭矩执行器，并被配置为一个单元，这个单元作为一个模块被安装在方向盘侧面 ，液压助力转向系统转阀的尾部。最好的是，开动就意味着这个附加扭矩执行器正工作于的转向阀输入轴上的带 齿系统上。详细说明所推荐的缘由：转向系统说明图，如图1，由方向盘1 ，转向管柱2，两个万向节3 、4，连接到方向盘1 。转向柱二是连接方向盘轴5，以驱动转向拉杆8、9，横向转向机架通过一个转向器6 ，连接转向杆7 ，此配置的转向机架，使车轮10、 11倾斜。机架和汽车转向表明，在这里，液压增压得实现方法是由由发动机驱动一个油压泵13，再由他驱动汽车转向。例如，通过一个皮带传动12，向泵13加压输送液体，从导向阀14通过管道15 。压力流体再通过回油路16回流到油箱17 。在正前方的方向盘，通过导向阀在该组织的中立管道（开放中心）和回油管道16恒定流量的供油。压力在两缸18、19和一个工作压力缸20内没有助力转向，以使得导向机架7达到均衡。当方向盘转动时，导向机架7和活塞21运动相互转换，液压的压力辅助活塞21运动 。在这种情况下，油阀14因压力而只有流体流动，从一缸转到其他缸，使整个导向驱动中液压的作用增大。传统的液压助力转向系统是上文所述的一个组成单元， 22产生额外的转矩，包括增加一个扭转舵机23 ，此处还包括一个电动机23，电器控制单元ECU 24，驱动电机23和一个检测信号的冗余的转向力矩传感器25 ，一个位置传感器26。将电子元件连接到电源27 上，用控制单元ECU 24和冗余的扭矩传感器25更为适宜。 在这里22也包括控制单元（ECU）24。然而，控制单元（ECU）24也可以根据其发明用途另行安排。最好是，22要至少包括一个额外的扭矩舵机23，转向力矩传感器25，并视情况而定，为汽车的位置而设置传感器26。这项发明的额外扭矩特性曲线（见图2 ） 。增压特性曲线此处指的是，方向盘扭矩或驱动力矩m对现行系统的压力P的液压增压。扭矩A（ m_steering ）通过增设一个附加扭矩B（ m_motor ）而降低为例就可见一斑。这意味着，辅助转向给司机以更大程度的支持。它也有可能通过一个液压额外扭矩舵机产生额外的转矩（见图3 ） ，或由磁额外扭矩舵机（见图4 ）。基本转向系统采用液压援助是完全相同的系统，如图1，因此，将不详细解释了。 机电额外扭矩舵机说明图5以及爆炸图图6 ，透视图图7，作为整体他的组成有一个连接到导向阀门。因此，舵机在后面就不详细解释了，就像所参阅的数据被分配到各个组成成分中。图纸的描绘了特别好的反映了紧凑型设计方可融入现有的转向系统。因此，机电驱动除了缩短转向柱-可以安装到现有的系统技术性非常低的工作。该技术的发展，对额外的扭矩舵机的要求也相对较低。这使得一个比较低成本的制造工艺表明，这种舵机，能更好的减少影响安全的故障或疏忽。有关图纸及简要叙述：图1 助力转向系统的原理与机电示意图图2动力转向系统的特性曲线。图3助力转向系统的液压舵机。 图4助力转向系统的磁性额外扭矩舵机。 图5机电动作单元示意图。 图6机电额外扭矩舵机爆炸图 图7组装好的机电额外扭矩舵机。Hydraulic power assisted steering systemDocument Type and Number:United States Patent 7337872 Abstract:A hydraulic power steering system with a steering gear and a hydraulic actuator for supporting a steering wheel actuation by the driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, includes components for actively applying an additional steering torque, the components for actively applying an additional steering torque including at least one additional torque actuator and a steering torque detector being mounted as a module on a steering wheel shaft that connects the steering wheel to the steering gear.Inventors:Bhm, Jrgen (Oberneisen, DE) Linkenbach, Steffen (Eschborn, DE) Hoffmann, Oliver (Frankfurt, DE) Nell, Joachim (Hanau, DE) Schirling, Andreas (Pfungstadt, DE) Muth, Norman (Frankenberg, DE) Grlach, Johannes (Langgns, DE) Application Number:10/504211 Filing Date:02/17/2003 Publication Date:03/04/2008 Field of Search:180/404-407, 180/417, 180/421-423, 180/444, 701/41-43, 180/446, 180/419, 180/427-428, 180/443 US Patent References:4681182：July, 1987.Suzuki et al.180/444.Electric power steering apparatus4909343：March, 1990.Mouri et al.180/422.Electric power steering system5086859：February, 1992.Takahashi et al.180/446.Method and system for controlling electric power steering5785144：July, 1998.Cakmaz et al.180/422.Power steering system/servo control5854987: December, 1998.Sekine et al.701/41.Vehicle steering control system using navigation system5893430:April, 1999.Koike.180/443.Steering apparatus for automotive vehicle5931256:August, 1999.Langkamp.180/422.Device for controlling a reaction force using an electric motor to provide a steering assistance force in a hydraulic power steering system6052633:April, 2000.Fukuyama et al.701/41.Power steering apparatus for electric vehicle6131059:October, 2000.Kaji et al.701/41.Steering angle middle point detecting device and power steering apparatus6158545:December, 2000.Kaji et al.180/446.Power steering apparatus6285936:September, 2001.Bohner et al.701/41.Steering system for a vehicle6470994:October, 2002.Shimizu et al.180/446.Electric power steering apparatusoreign References:EP0580997.June, 1993.Power-assisted steering for a motor vehicle.EP1142746.October, 2001.Vehicle steering assemblyOther References:International Search Report of Application No. PCT/EP03/01552 dated May 22, 2003. Primary Examiner:Morris, Lesley D. Assistant Examiner:Scharich, Marc A. Description:TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hydraulic power steering system with a steering gear and a hydraulic actuator for supporting a steering wheel actuation by the driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with means associated therewith for actively applying an additional steering torque. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Up-to-date motor vehicles, in particular passenger vehicles, are generally equipped with hydraulic or electrohydraulic power steering systems, hereinbelow referred to as hydraulic power steering systems. The power assistance is configured such that actuators, e.g. hydraulic cylinders, are arranged in the medium range of the steering mechanism. A force generated by the actuators is used to support the actuation of the steering mechanism as a reaction to the rotation of the steering wheel (torque support). The torque to be applied for steering the vehicle is thus reduced and the driver relieved during the steering maneuver. It is known in the art to design the torque assistance or steering boosting speed-responsively. At low vehicle speeds being typical of pulling in or out of a parking space, a very easy-running steering system with a high degree of torque support is preferred, while heavier steering with a low degree of torque support is desirable at high driving speeds. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic power steering system, which enables a variable torque support and can easily be integrated into hydraulic power steering systems provided. This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. The term steering wheel herein implies all feasible actuating devices for steering a vehicle such as a steering wheel, control stick, or joystick. It is essential for the invention that the means for actively applying an additional steering torque is configured as a unit comprising at least one additional torque actuator and a means detecting the steering torque and being mounted as a module on a steering wheel shaft that connects the steering wheel to the steering gear. The invention discloses that the additional torque actuator includes an electric motor that is coupled to the steering column. The invention discloses that the means for the active application of an additional steering torque includes an electric motor, a redundant electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU), and a redundant steering wheel torque sensor. The invention discloses that the means for the active application of an additional steering torque includes a gear cooperating with the additional torque actuator. According to the invention, the gear is a belt drive, a helical worm gear, or a spur gear, preferably a belt drive. The invention discloses that an electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU) actuates the additional torque actuator to produce an additional steering wheel torque adapted to the current vehicle speed. The invention discloses that the electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU) actuates an additional torque actuator to produce an additional steering wheel torque that is adapted to the vehicles course and the shape of the road. To this end, there is favorable provision of a nominal track detecting means for determining a nominal track or a nominal track angle from a detected or estimated shape of the road, an actual track detecting means for determining an actual track and an actual track angle from a detected or estimated vehicle course, a comparison means for comparing the nominal track and the nominal track angle with the actual track and the actual track angle, and a zero-point displacement means in order to displace the zero point of the characteristic curve for supporting the steering handle according to the comparison. According to the invention, an electronic controlling and regulating unit (ECU) actuates the additional torque actuator to produce an additional steering wheel torque adapted to the current vehicle dynamics, in particular the current transverse acceleration. According to the invention, the additional torque actuator is an electromechanical, electromagnetic, or hydraulic actuator. The object of the invention is also achieved by a hydraulic power steering system, including a steering gear and a hydraulic actuator for supporting a steering wheel actuation by the driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, associated with which is a means for the active application of an additional steering torque, characterized in that the means for the active application of an additional steering torque includes at least one additional torque actuator and is configured as a unit that is arranged as a module at a steering-wheel sided end portion of the steering valve of a hydraulic power steering system. Preferably, a driving means of the additional torque actuator is engaged in a toothed system on the input shaft of the steering valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The steering system illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a steering wheel 1 , and a steering column 2 with two universal joints 3 , 4 connected to the steering wheel 1 . Steering column 2 is connected to or part of a steering wheel shaft 5 that actuates the steering tie rods 8 , 9 secured laterally to a steering rack 7 by way of a steering gear 6 , a steering rod 7 , herein configured as steering rack, thereby causing tilting of the wheels 10 , 11 . In the rack-and-pinion steering shown herein, hydraulic boosting is realized by means of a hydraulic pump 13 driven by the driving engine of the vehicle, e.g. by means of a belt drive 12 , said pump 13 conveying pressurized fluid to a steering valve 14 through a conduit 15 . The pressure fluid can flow back into a supply tank 17 through a return conduit 16 . In the straight-ahead position of the steering wheel, a constant oil flow propagates through the steering valve being in its neutral position (open center) and back through the return conduit 16 . The pressure in two chambers 18 , 19 of a working cylinder 20 arranged on the steering rack 7 is equalized. There is no power steering. The steering rack 7 and thus also piston 21 is displaced when the steering wheel 1 is turned. The pressure of the pressure fluid supports the movement of the piston 21 . As this occurs, valve 14 additionally causes pressure fluid to flow from one chamber into the other chamber so that the whole steering actuation is hydraulically boosted. The conventional hydraulic power steering system described above comprises a unit 22 for producing an additional torque, including an additional torque actuator 23 , herein an electric motor 23 , a redundant control unit ECU 24 for actuating the motor 23 and evaluating signals of a redundant steering torque sensor 25 , and a sensor 26 for the motor position. The electronic components are connected to an electric energy source 27 . The control unit ECU 24 and the torque sensor 25 are preferably redundant. Unit 22 also comprises the control unit ECU 24 herein. However, the control unit ECU 24 can also be arranged separately according to the invention. Preferably, unit 22 comprises at least an additional torque actuator 23 , a steering torque sensor 25 and, as the case may be, a sensor 26 for the motor position. The invention renders it possible to vary the boosting characteristic curve by producing an additional torque (see FIG. 2). The boosting characteristic curve herein means the dependency of the steering wheel torque or the actuating torque M on the prevailing system pressure P of the hydraulic boosting. The torque A (M_steering) is reduced by an active application of an additional torque B (M_motor) in the example shown. This implies that the steering activity of the driver is supported to a greater extent. It is also possible to produce an additional torque by means of a hydraulic additional torque actuator (see FIG. 3) or by a magnetic additional torque actuator (see FIG. 4). The basic steering system with hydraulic assistance is identical to the system shown in FIG. 1 and, therefore, will not be explained in detail. The