阿拉伯语学习.pdf

Behind the Name Etymology of Arabic Names Zina Saadi Computational Linguist June 14 2006 Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 2 Why Are We Looking Behind the Name Background Geographical background Professional affiliation Linguistic Software Solution Identify and generate more rules for name matching Name derivation Hamd Hamd Hamed Hamad Hammoud Stem matching Qantara Qantar Qantarji Qantary Persian taa Farhat Identify name boundaries Orthographic corrections Aitmimoun Ait Mimoun Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 3 Languages of the Muslim World http www morainevalley edu ctl MiddleEast photoGallery htm Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 4 Outline Arabic name structure Iraqi Maghrebi Linguistic rules behind Arabic names derivation Basic Rules Root Patterns Plurals Advanced Rules Compounds Nisbah Cross lingual influence Persian Turkish Regional and social facts Across the Arab World Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 5 English Name Structure Full Name John F Kennedy First Name John Last Name Kennedy Middle Initial F Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 6 Arabic Name Structure Last Name Full Name Middle NameFirst Name Hypocoristic Given Name Houari Ahmed Patronym Nisbah Hypocoristic Mokrane Saadi Boumediene Al Namamshah Saud Enizat Given Name Abdullah Saddam Patronym Bin Abdulaziz Hussein Patronym Nisbah Family Name Al Saud Zawaydeh Al Tikriti Maghreb Middle East Tribal System Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 7 Components of an Arabic Full Name Title Masculine MSA Imam Sheikh Maghrebi Si Sidi Moulai Feminine MSA Sheikha Maghrebi Lalla Hypocoristic Kunya Metaphoric Ibn Al Ardh son of the land traveler Dialectal Iraq Khalid Abu Al Walid Hussein Hassan Abu Ali First born child Abu Um Ahmad Abu Um Mona Political Houari Boumediene Mohamed Boukharouba Title Hypocoristic Given NamePatronymFamily Name Nisbah Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 8 Components of an Arabic Full Name Cont Given name Nouns Osama type of lion Maha Wild Cow Adjectives Kareem generous Lateefa gentle Verbs Yazid he increases Patronym Nasab Father s and grandfather s given names Ibn Abdullah Ouyahya Bin Laden Family name Al Ahmar Bani Oumayya Banou Quraidha Ait Hammouda Al Saud Nisbah Al Baghdadi from Baghdad Haddadi blacksmith Saadi Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 9 Example of an Arabic Name Al Sheikh Abdullah Bin Hussein Bin Naser Bin Al Ahmar Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 10 Let s Analyze the Name Al Sheikh Al Ahmar TitleFamily Name Abdullah Given Name Bin Hussein Patronym Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 11 Other Examples of Arabic Names Arabic Mathematician 850 Arabic Geography Scholar 1178 1229 Al Imam Al Sheikh Shihab Addin Star of religion Father of Abdulla Yaqut Ruby Son of Abdulla Captive bought by Askar Alhamaoui Al Baghdadi from Baghdad TitleHypocoristicHypocoristic Given NamePatronymNisbah MuhammadSon of MussaFrom Khawarezm Given NamePatronymNisbah Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 12 Basic Linguistic Rules of Arabic Name Derivation Arabic root pattern derivational structure 3 character root Arabic Root to write to do Lebanese Poet af al s d fa aal S d m Kuwaiti Poet faa il H m d faa il Pattern Algerian Writer k t b ExampleRoot Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 13 Rules for Plurals in Names Jordanian Common Family Names f iilaat Ebeedat Seidat fawa ileh Awandeh Zawaydeh Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 14 Rules for Compound Names Compounds A B vs AB Form Connecting vs Non Connecting Characters is a connecting letterBerberAit Ahmed is a non connecting letterYemeniBahmed is a non connecting letterColloquialBoumediene is a non connecting letterMSAAbu Ahmed is a connecting letter is a non connecting letter MSA Yemeni Al Bawazir is a connecting letterMSAIbn Khaldoun Colloquial InfluenceInfluence is a connecting letterBin Ladin CommentCommentNameName Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 15 Use of Nisbah in Names Nisbah How Nisbah is formed Types of Nisbah Nisbah Formation A sample of some linguistic rules Nisbah of compounds Nisbah of two names Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 16 How Nisbah is Formed Suffixing an assimilated yaa to the stem of the name A forming a name B B stem A Example Saddam Hussein Al Tikriti The logical relation between A B if x is B then x is from A Muhammad is from the tribe of Qureish Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 17 Types of Nisbah Nationality or ethnical background Indian India Arabic Arab NisbahWord Religious affiliation Islamic Islam NisbahWord Trade or handicraft industrialist industry NisbahWord Adjective formation naval sea golden gold NisbahWord Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 18 Advanced Nisbah Forms Nouns ending with taa marbouta taa marbouta deletion Meccan Mecca Cairene Cairo NisbahWord Nouns already ending with assimilated yaa How many letters does it consist of Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 19 Advanced Nisbah Forms cont Nouns consisting of 1 letter assimilated yaa assimilated yaa Yaa fatha waw kasra Waw fatha waw kasra 2 letter assimilated yaa assimilated yaa fatha waw kasra Waw fatha waw kasra 3 letters and above assimilated yaa assimilated yaa Nisbah yaa irrigator irrigation vital living NisbahWord prophetic prophet Alawite Ali NisbahWord Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 20 Nisbah of Compounds A B form Proper noun compound Abdary Abduddar Abdaly Abdullat Abshamsy Abdushams NisbahWord Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 21 Nisbah of Compounds cont Other noun compounds Abu Ibn Um Abd B Abu Ibn Um Abd nisbah B Possessive nisbah A B Ibn Saadi Ibn Saad Abu Bakri Abu Bakr NisbahWord Imadiy Addin Imad Addin Saifiy AlIslam Saif AlIslam NisbahWord Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 22 Nisbah of Compounds cont AB form nisbah A Example1 AB A B Hadramawt Hadri Example2 AB A B Baalbak Baali Exceptions Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 23 Nisbah of Two Proper Names nisbah A B stem A 2 char B nisbah yaa Example 1 Shaf anti Example 2 KhawarezmTabaristan Tabarkhazi From the CIA World Fact Book Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 24 Persian Influence on Arabic Names Arabic borrowing of Persian names Adjectives Nouns Compounds new modern Neveen world Jihan pride of the king Shahnaz pride of purity Safinaz delicate gentle Nazik soft Nermine GlossWord Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 25 Persian Influence on Arabic Names cont Arabic borrowing of linguistically modified Arabic names by Persian Closed taa open taa wisdom Hikmat Hikmah Mountain name Mervat Marwa Nimat Persian blessing Nimah GlossArabic Phonological influence Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 26 Turkish Influence Suffixation Stem Arabic word Ji suffix ji Profession Examples Mateen Qandaji Turkish Poet Adnan Albajaji from Iraq s parliament Qandaji hard sugar maker qand hard sugar Qahwaji caf manager qahwah coffee Mikwaji ironing man Stem ji mikwah Iron Arabic Word Copyright 2006 Basis Technology Corp All rights reserved 27 Regional and Social Facts During the Ottoman ruling the Elite class Rulers Leaders were given Islamic Arabic Names Sultan Abdul Hamid while the servants or housemaids were given foreign names Nowadays in Egypt females in the middle and lower classes are given Islamic names Khadija Aisha whereas higher class females are typically given Persian Turkish or common non Islamic Arabic names Susan Mervat Nancy Given names Khisha Bahloul under strict requirements can be changed meaning of the name clean record The Ba prefix meaning father of identifies its bearer as being of Hadrami descent the Saudi lingu