Book 6 Unit 1 虚拟语气用法学案.doc

Book 6 Unit 1 Art Grammar- Subjucntive MoodTips：When youre good to others, you are best to yourself. 善待他人，即是最善待自己。 Learning objective: How to use Subjuntive Mood -“虚拟语气”Key &Difficult Learning Point: How to use “虚拟语气”correctlyLearning Procedures虚拟语气的基本用法虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示_，或者用来表示_、_或说话人的_。 一、非真实条件中的虚拟语气 非真实条件就是_假设，包括违背_的假设，违背_的假设，以及违背_的假设。在这三种情况下，条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式。1违背现在事实的假设：从句谓语动词用_（_/_），主句谓语动词用_ /_ /_ /_ + _.If the earth _ no gravity, the moon _ to the sun假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。If _ a fish, I _ in the river freely.假如我是鱼的话，我就可以在河中自由地游泳了。If I _ you, I _ their proposal我要是你，就重新考虑他们的建议。2违背过去事实的假设：从句谓语动词用_（_+ _/_），主句谓语动词用_ /_ /_ /_ +_ + _.If I _ _ a little earlier, I _ _ _ the train我要是早点动身，就赶上火车了。If I _ _ harder, I _ _ _ _ to a better university. 我要是早点更加努力学习的话，就被一所好大学录取了。If she _ _ your advice, she _ _ _ a serious mistake她要不是听了你的劝告，就犯大错误了。3可能违背将来事实的假设：从句谓语动词用_ /_ /_ +_，主句谓语动词用_ /_ /_ /_ + _.这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。这种假设相当于汉语中常用的万一，居然，竟然等含义。例如： If he _ fail, we _ _ him to try again万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一次。 If I _ _ be given another chance, I _ _ harder.要是再给我一次机会，我就会更加努力地学习。If I _ _ _ it , I _ _ it in a different way要是我来做这件事，我会采用另一种做法。 【注意】由某些连词如_, _（假设）=if也可以引导条件句。Eg: Supposing white were black, you would be right. 假如黑白颠倒的话，你就是正确的。由并列连词_, _ , _ 连接的并列句，表转折。Eg: I am busy ,otherwise I would go 要是我不忙的话，我就去。4介词短语表示的假设条件 有时不用if引导条件从句，而用介词_ (_), _ (_) , _ (_) , _ (_)引出的介词短语，表示违背事实的假设条件，这时句中谓语动词仍用虚拟语气形式。Eg: _ air，there _ _ no wind or clouds没有空气就不会有风，也不会有云。 We _ _ _ the work on time _ your help.要是没有你的帮助的话，我们就不能按时完成这项工作了。In that case，we _ _ _ the work better如果那样的话，我们本可能把工作做得更好些的。 _ _ the storm，we _ _ _ earlier要是没有碰上暴雨，我们还会早一点到的。 5连接词if的省略 如果条件从句的谓语包含有_，_或_，有时_可以省略。这时had，should或were要移到主语的前面，形成_。这种句型主要见于书面形式。 Eg : If I were you, I would go there. = Were I you, I would go there.我要是你的话，就去那里了。If I had come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film. = Had I come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film.我要是来早一点的话，就不会错过电影的这个情景。Had he not been ill，he might have come要不是生病，他会来的。_.Should it rain tomorrow，what could we do？万一明天下雨，我们能做些什么呢？_.【注意】 在否定句中，否定词应放在主语_，不可_，也不可_。If he had not seen his brother, he would not have known the news = Had he not seen his brother, he would not have known the news. 他要是没有见到他哥哥的话，就不知道这个消息。二、其他从句的虚拟语气 在表示_、_、_以及_和_等含义的_、_、_和_中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由_或_构成。现分述如下： 1主语从句 在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气 It is _ that （有必要；必须） It is _ that（必须；是要紧的） It is _ that（重要的是；是很重要的） It is _ that（必须；是必要的） It is _ that（最好；是理想的） It is _ that（最好） It is _ that（根据命令；人们要求） It is _ that（人们建议） It is _ that（最好；需要） It is _ that（人们要求） It is _ that（有人建议） It is _ that（有人推荐） It is _ that（根据要求） It is _（已经决定） It is _ that（业已安排） 例如： It was arranged that they leave the following week根据安排，他们下星期动身。 It is suggested that the meeting（should）be held at some other time人们建议换一个时间开会。It is suggested that she should do it again. 他建议她这件事情再做一次。It is necessary that he (should ) be here tomorrow. 他有必要明天来这里。Im sorry that she should fail in the exam. 真可怜，她考试竟然不及格。Its strange that she should fail in the exam. 真奇怪，她考试竟然不及格。2宾语从句 在某些表示命令,建议等动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持_; 两个命令_, _ ; 三条建议_ , _, _;四项要求_, _, _, _;【注意】当insist表坚持_时用虚拟语气，而当表_，_，表一种_时用陈述语气。 I insist that a doctor _ be sent for immediately. 我坚持立即派人找医生。I insisted that I _ broken the glass. 我坚持说我没有打烂玻璃。当suggest表_用虚拟语气，当表_时用陈述语气I suggest that we _ set off at once. 我建议我们立即动身。He suggests that she _ do it again.他建议她这件事情再做一次。His pale face suggested that he _ ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他生病了。 wish，would rather后的虚拟语气 动词wish后的宾语从句，表示未实现的主观愿望。这类宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如果与_相反，宾语从句用_。Eg: I wish she _ with me now. 她现在和我在一起该多好啊！I wish I _ both English and French我要是既懂英文又懂法文就好了。 I wish I _ as young as you我要是像你一样年轻该多好。I would rather you _ here now, 我真希望你现在在这里。如果与_相反，宾语从句用_。Eg: I wish I _ _ that house last year. 我去年要是买了那所房子该多好啊！如果与_相反，宾语从句用_ /_ /_ /_ + _.Eg: I wish I _ _ a birthday party next month. 我要是下个月能开个生日派对该多好啊！【注意】动词wish如果是过去时态，后面的宾语从句中虚拟语气形式不变，仍用过去时、过去完成时和过去将来时。例如： I wished I hadnt made that mistake我当时多么希望没犯那个错误。3同位语从句和表语从句 在下列名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气：_（_），_（_），_（_），_（_、_），_（_）。例如： He gave the order that the results of the experiment（_）be rechecked他命令对那次实验的结果重新核对。What do you think of his suggestion that she _ do it again? 你认为他的让她再做这件事情的建议如何？My suggestion is that we（_）send a trade delegation to Malaysia我建议派一个贸易代表团去马来西亚。His suggestion was that she _ do it again. 他建议她这件事情再做一次。4. 由as if , as though引导的_谈论_或_的情形时，使用_。Eg: She loved the little child as if she _ his mother.她非常爱这个小孩子，好像是他的妈妈似的。After that, he acted as if nothing _ _.从此之后，他表现地好像什么都没有发生似的。They look worried, as if something _ _. 他们看起来很担心，好像什么事情要发生似的。【注意】当谈论_或_的事或情形时_用虚拟语气。Eg: It looks as if Im going to be busy. = Im probably going to be busy. 看起来我就要忙了。 三由_ that 引导的从句须用_或_+_。Eg: It is high time that we got up /should get up now. 我们到起床的时候了。四有的条件句，_、_句_不一致，叫_条件句，要根据句子意思来调整主句的谓语动词.Eg : If we _ _ everything ready by now, we _ _ having a terrible time tomorrow. 如果现在一切都没准备好，明天情况就糟了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与将来事实相反。）If you _ _ him yesterday, you _ _ what to do now. 如果你昨天问他的话，就知道现在要做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it _ _ last night , it _ _ very cold today . 如果昨天晚上下雨的话，那么今天就非常冷了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If I _ you，I _ _ _ the film last night如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）If he _ _ the doctors advice，he _ _ already如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Step 2 虚拟语气专练1. (2008山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you。A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed2. (2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better。A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done3.I wish I _ the meeting。(2009年郑州市第二次质量检测)But you didnt。4. Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday? Well, I_, but I forgot it。(河南省普通高中2009年毕业班教学质量调研考试)A. should have B. must C. shouldD. must have5. (2009年河北保定市高三调研试题)I _ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldnt get way。A. was planning B. had planned C. planned D. would plan6. (2009年河北保定市高三调研试题)I would like _ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited7. Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month? (江西省重点中学2009届高三第一次联考)No, we _ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought