鸡尾酒英语及中文介绍整理.doc

A cocktail is a style of mixed drink. Originally a mixture of distilled spirits, sugar, water, and bitters,1 the word has gradually come to mean almost any mixed drink containing alcohol.2A cocktail today usually contains one or more types of liquor and one or more mixers, such as bitters, fruit juice, fruit, soda, ice, sugar, honey, milk, cream, or herbs.3HistoryThe earliest known printed use of the word “cocktail” was in The Farmers Cabinet, April 28, 1803:4“Drank a glass of cocktail excellent for the head . . . Calld at the Docts. found Burnham he looked very wise drank another glass of cocktail.”The earliest definition of cocktail was in the May 13, 1806, edition of the Balance and Columbian Repository, a publication in Hudson, New York, in which an answer was provided to the question, What is a cocktail?. It stated that:“Cocktail is a stimulating liquor composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters it is vulgarly called a bittered sling and is supposed to be an excellent electioneering potion, inasmuch as it renders the heart stout and bold, at the same time that it fuddles the head. It is said, also to be of great use to a Democratic candidate: because a person, having swallowed a glass of it, is ready to swallow anything else.”Compare the ingredients listed (spirits, sugar, water, and bitters) with the ingredients of an Old Fashioned.The first publication of a bartenders guide which included cocktail recipes was in 1862: How to Mix Drinks; or, The Bon Vivants Companion, by Professor Jerry Thomas. In addition to listings of recipes for Punches, Sours, Slings, Cobblers, Shrubs, Toddies, Flips, and a variety of other types of mixed drinks were 10 recipes for drinks referred to as Cocktails. A key ingredient which differentiated cocktails from other drinks in this compendium was the use of bitters as an ingredient, although it is not used in many modern cocktail recipes.The first cocktail party ever thrown was allegedly by Mrs. Julius S. Walsh Jr. of St. Louis, Missouri, in May 1917. Mrs. Walsh invited 50 guests to her mansion at noon on a Sunday. The party lasted one hour, until lunch was served at 1pm. The site of the first cocktail party still stands. In 1924, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis bought the Walsh mansion at 4510 Lindell Blvd., and it has served as the local archbishops residence ever since.5During Prohibition in the United States (19201933), when the sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal, cocktails were still consumed illegally in establishments known as speakeasies. The quality of the alcohol available was far lower than was previously used, and bartenders generally put forth less effort in preparing the cocktails.2 There was a shift from whiskey to gin, which doesnt require aging and is therefore easier to produce illicitly.6Cocktails became less popular in the late 1960s and 1970s as other recreational drugs became common. In the 1980s cocktails once again became popular, with vodka often substituted for gin in drinks such as the martini. In the 2000s, traditional cocktails and gin are starting to make a comeback鸡尾酒术语基酒（base）：调制鸡尾酒时使用的最基本的酒。注入调和器（dash）：一种附于苦味酒瓶的计量器。滴（drop）：通俗的计量单位。盎司（ounce )：一种专业计量单位。简写oz 1液体盎司：容量计量单位，1英制液体盎司=28.3495231毫升 1美制液体盎司=29.571毫升茶匙（spoon）：一种计量单位。 1spoon=10drop涩味酒（dry）：指调好的略带辛辣味的鸡尾酒。单份（single）：30ml双份（double）:60ml纯粹（straight）：不加入任何东西的酒。酒后水（chaser）:一是喝过较烈的酒之后，在杯中加入冰水品饮，可与烈酒中和保持味觉的新鲜，可以根据个人喜好加入苏打水，啤酒，矿泉水等代替。二是指饮料中加入某些材料使其浮于酒中，如鲜奶油等，比重较轻的酒可浮于苏打水上。鸡尾酒的四种调制方法：摇和法（shake）、调和法（stir）、兑和法（build）、搅和法（blend）调制鸡尾酒的辅助方法：拧绞（twist）：1cm5cm柠檬皮拧绞，饰与酒中。柠檬油调香（zest）：将柠檬皮中的香味油挤入鸡尾酒。螺旋状果皮（spiral）：江削成螺旋状的果皮垂于杯中。杯口加霜（frosting）：用柠檬片把玻璃杯口沾湿，将杯口轻轻浸入精白糖或细盐中（根据配方而定）。制作糖浆（gomme syrup,sugar syrup,simple syrup）: 糖粉：100开水=3：1 形成透明无色糖浆编辑本段鸡尾酒种类教父 GODFATHER美伦鲍尔 MELONBALL贝利尼 BELLINI梦幻勒曼湖 FANTASTIC LEMAN尼克拉斯加 NIKOLASCHIKA马丁尼 MARTIN天蝎宫 SCORPIO 冰冻蓝色玛格丽特 FROZEN BLUE MARGARITA草帽 STRAW HAT野莓龙舌兰 SLOE TEQUILA 绿色蚱蜢 GRASSHOPPER 悬浮式威士忌 WHISKY FLOAT 热威士忌托地 HOT WHISKY TODDY 薄荷茱莉普 MINT JULEP彩虹酒 POUSSE-CAFE奥林匹克 OLY