名词性从句.ppt

名词性从句 RelatedConception 相关概念 1 名词 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词 2 名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分 名词在句中主要作主语 宾语 表语和同位语 TheboyisliMing 主语 表语 Mr Liang a24 year oldboy teachesusEnglish 主语 同位语 宾语 在英语的句子结构中 本来该由名词充当的主语 宾语 表语和同位语 由一个句子来充当 这个句子就叫名词性从句 什么是名词性从句 名词性从句 主语从句 TheSubjectClause 宾语从句 TheObjectClause 表语从句 ThePredicativeClause 同位语从句 TheAppositiveClause 请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句 WhatIwanttodoistakingabath Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool Idon tthinkheisanhonestboy Thefactisthathestolethecar Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere Itissaidthattheywonthegame 主从 同位语从句 宾从 表从 同位语从句 定从 主从 1 连接代词 who whose whom what which 有词义 在从句中担任成分 如主语 表语 宾语 或定语等 2 连接副词 when where why how 有词义 在从句中担任成分 作状语 3 连接词 that whether if that无词义 在从句中不担任成分 有时可省略 if whether 虽有词义 但在从句中不担任成分 另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等词也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句 引导名词性从句的连接词 ObjectClauses宾语从句 什么是宾语 Iknowhim Doyouhavethetime Ithink that sheisbeautiful Whydon tyoupayattentiontome 宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后 一 宾语从句的概念 从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 eg WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright 二 宾语从句三要素 引导词 连接词 语序时态 不同引导词引导的宾语从句 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 由连接代词Who whom whose which what whoever whatever whichever等和连接副词where how why when引导的宾语从句 由从属连词whether if引导的宾语从句 一 引导词 1 2 3 e g Ihear that 他将在一小时之内回来Hesaid that 他很想念我们Theteachertoldus that 地球绕太阳旋转 hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmoves 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 注 that在句中无词汇意义 在从句中不能充当成分 在口语当中往往省略 aroundthesun that 不能省略的3种情况 1 that引导的名词性从句很少做作介词的宾语 只有在介词except but in后作宾语 其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由that引导 则需要it先行一步 做形式宾语 Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing Hewouldhavefailedbutthatyouhelpedhim 若不是你帮助他 他会失败的 Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou 2 宾语从句中用it作形式宾语 Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays 注意 如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时 一般用it来作形式宾语 把从句放在宾补后面 3 从句是并列句时 第二个及以后的分句前的that不能省略 Weallthink that sheisworkingveryhardandthatshewillsurelygotoaverygooduniversity 由从属连词whether if引导的宾语从句 Iwanttoknow 2 Askhim 3 Iwonder 4 Couldyoutellme if whether hewillgototheparkwithus whether if hecancome whetheritisgoingtorainornot if whether 是否 说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚 常用在ask wonder can could youtellme等后 whether if MrLiliveshere 只能用whether不能用if的情况 1 在介词后面 I mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow 2 在动词不定式前 whethertodosth Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating 3 当与ornot连用 或提出两种选择时 Idon tknowwhetherhe sfreeornot MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot Tellmewhetheryou dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom 4 宾语从句提前时 Whetherthisistrueornot Ican tsay 5 用if会引起歧义时Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo If从句既可理解为宾语从句 也可理解为条件状语从句 宾语从句是否定句时 只用if 不用whetherIdon tcareifitdoesn train Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Iwonder heiswell 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 5 Idon tknow togo if whether whether whether if whether whether 1 Heasked 2 Doyouknow 3 Heasked 4 Doyouknow 5 Pleasetellme 6 Canyoutellme 7 Couldyoutellme whocouldanswerthequestion whomtheyarewaitingfor whosebikewasthebestintheclass whenwe llhaveameeting whereheis howIcangettothestation whythetrainislate 由连接代词Who whom whose which what和连接副词where how why when引导的宾从 代词或副词连接主句和从句 并在从句中担任句子成分 具有一定的意义 不可省略 由连接代词whoever whatever whichever引导的宾语从句 I llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee Youmaychoosewhoeveryoulike Iwilltakewhicheverismatchable 二 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdidhewanttobuy Idon tknowwhatdidhewanttobuy Idon tknowwhathewantedtobuy 主句 连接词 从句 主 谓 其他成分 What swrong What sthematter What shappening Whathappened 注 当从句的原句为以下句子以及what who作主语时 语序不变 eg Idon tknowwhat sthematter Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere Canyoutellmewhoheis 做主语 做宾语 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 Idon tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell Idon tthinkyouareright 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿 我认为你是错的 Idon tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday 我认为你今天无法完成工作 Iknowheliveshere Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow 三 时态 主句用现在时或将来时 从句可用任何时态 根据实际情况而定 2 如果主句是过去的时态 一般过去时 过去进行时 从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwholivedhere Isawshewastalkingwithhermother Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow Hesaidthathehadseenit Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960 IheardthathewenttoParislastnight 3 从句说明的是一般真理 客观事实 自然现象时 仍用一般现在时 Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun 4 从句中有具体时间状语 即使从句动作发生在主句动作前 仍用一般过去时 Theradiosaysit cloudytomorrow be Theheadmasterhopeseverything well go Ihearthey return italready Hesaidthatthey membersofthePartysince1948 be Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun intheeast rise willbe goes havereturned hadbeen rises 宾语从句三要素 时态 Summary 小结 引导词 连接词 语序 将下列句子合并为一句 1 Wheredotheystopontheway Iasked 2 Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting Couldyoutellme 3 Dotheyliketogoskiing Heasked 4 Heisdoinghishomework Hesaid 5 Hewillcomeback Tomsaid Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback Practice 6 Isshedoingherhomework Jimasked 7 Whenwillhecomeback Tomasked 8 HowcanIgettothestation Couldyoutellme 9 Whyisthetrainlate Wouldyoutellme 10 WhereisTom Theyasked Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate TheyaskedwhereTomwas Jimaskedifshewasdoingherhomework 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon tknow theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that D A B C Practice 5 Couldyoushowme A howcanIgettothestationB whereisthestationC howIcouldgettothestationD howIcanreachthestation6 Pleasetellme A whatdoeshelikeB whathedoeslikeC whathelikesD whathelike7 Mysistertoldhim A whatdaywasitB whenthetrainarrivedC whoshewaswaitingD wheredidyoulive C B D 8 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis9 Couldyoutellmehowlong A youhaveboughtthewatchB youhavekeptthissciencebookC haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10 Hesaysthatifit tomorrow he fishing A willrain won tgoB rained wasn tgoC rains won tgoD rain willgo B C D 参见优化设计 表语从句 主语从句在复合句中做主语 可以放在主句谓语动词之前 1 Thathewillcomeiscertain 2 Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 主语从句 3 Whichteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern 4 Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet 当主语从句较长时 多放在句子后部 用it作形式主语 把主语从句放在主句之后 以it作形式主语 把主语从句后置的常用句型有 1 It be 形容词 that从句 Itis wascertainthat clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible 1 Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam 2 Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything 3 Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything 4 Itisstrangethatnoonewantstogothere 5 Itislikelythathewillcome 2 It be 名词词组 that从句 Itis wasapitythat clauseshamedutynowonderanhonour 1 Itisapitythatwecan tgo 2 Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame 此结构中常采用虚拟语气should 动词原形 或完成形式 表示遗憾 惊奇 重要等作用 3 Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedtoseehisownshortcoming 3 It be 过去分词 that从句 Itissaidthat clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown 1 Itissaidthatheisthebeststudentintheclass 2 ItisthoughtthatJoedrivesbadly 3 Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon 4 Itissuggestedthatthemeeting should beheldthisafternoon 4 It seem happen appear等不及物动词 that从句 1 ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall 2 IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday 5 It doesn tmatter makesnodifference etc 连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句 1 Itdoesn tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot 她是否来这无关紧要 2 Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting 我们在哪里开会毫无区别 名词性从句要点 一 that从句作主语和宾语时 常用it作形式主语 将从句放在句末 二 that引导名词性从句的省略情况1 that引导主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句时 不能省略 2 that引导宾语从句时一般可省略 除去不能省略的几种情况 三 名词性从句中的语序名词性从句中一律使用陈序语气 e g HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin 四 名词性从句中的时态呼应在名词性从句中 谓语动词的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态相一致 e g Assoonashecomesback I lltellhimwhenyouwillcomeandseehim Hekeptlookingather wonderingwhetherhehadseenhersomewhere 五 名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况1 在表示 命令 建议 坚持 要求 的名词性从句中 要用 should 动词原形 形式 should可以省略 e g Imadeasuggestionthathe should gothereatonce Isu