职称英语等级考试卫生AB级模拟试题(四).pdf

本试题摘取于考试吧 职称英语等级考试卫生职称英语等级考试卫生 AB 级模拟试题级模拟试题 四四 一 单选题 词汇选项 第 1 15 题 每题 1 分 共 15 分 下面共有 l5 个句子 每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语 划有底横线 请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语 1 Sally likes to tease her brother about his girl friends A charm B laugh at C criticize D respect 标准答案 b 2 America s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research A encouraged B endangered C endorsed D enlarged 标准答案 a 3 You have to follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule A obvious 本试题摘取于考试吧 B simple C only D assumed 标准答案 c 4 In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union A strange B certain C inconsistent D proper 标准答案 b 5 Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed A convert B store C utilize D receive 标准答案 c 6 First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money A at any place B at any price C in any language D in any country 本试题摘取于考试吧 标准答案 b 7 In a bullfight it is the movement not the color of objects that arouses the bull A confuses B excites C scares D diverts 标准答案 b 8 Sulfur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state A regularly B accidentally C sometimes D successfully 标准答案 c 9 Many fine cooks insist on ingredients 成分 of the highest quality A demand B rely on C prepare for D create 标准答案 a 10 The company recommended that a new petrol station should be built here 本试题摘取于考试吧 A ordered B insisted C suggested D demanded 标准答案 c 11 It hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under A sincere B hard C strict D tight 标准答案 b 12 They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means A solve B determine C untie D complete 标准答案 a 13 The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe A argued B predicted 本试题摘取于考试吧 C said D suggested 标准答案 a 14 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress A despair B difficulty C need D danger 标准答案 d 15 The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources A puzzling B difficult C terrifying D urgent 标准答案 d 二 匹配题 16 Privacy worry may keep HIV patients from therapy Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV positive status In fact some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care 本试题摘取于考试吧 Dr Kathryn Whetten Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University Durham North Carolina studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV infected patients from rural North Carolina locations They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward and experiences with breaches in confidentiality The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV infected patients receive Whetten Goldstein said Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality Two types of breaches occurred Whetten Goldstein noted The first was a more obvious type of breach One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient s child The other type of breach was more subtle one that providers might not consider breaches Whetten Goldstein explained This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient s HIV status without the patient s knowledge of the interaction The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution but patient s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information she pointed out Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done Whetten Goldstein said They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs However because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status they felt that the system should regulate itself she added 1 All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2 Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the culative effects on patients A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3 Medical worders of an institution cannot freely provide their HIV patients information to those of other institutions A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4 Whether a HIV infected patient agrees to other not his medical workers sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution 本试题摘取于考试吧 A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 标准答案 B B A C 17 5 Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6 Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7 Breaches in confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 标准答案 A B C 本题分数 3 00 分 你答题的情况为 错误 所以你的得分为 00 分 18 三 概括大意完成句子 8 分 A bit Good News for Fat People Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight But there are also millions who only imagine they need to Compulsive and continuous dieting not to mention eating disorders shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape But is being underweight really desirable Scientists have long been looking into the effects of under nutrition These studies rats and mice have been the subjects not humans indicate that carefully controlled food restriction with adequate vitamins and minerals slows the aging process In experiment after experiment thin animals consistently 一贯地 outlive 比 长命 their all you can eat cousins sometimes doubling their average life span They seem to age more slowly too the level of cholesterol 胆 固醇 in their blood stays lower longer Their bodies stay responsive to certain hormones 激素 longer Their immune systems stay healthier longer Underfed rats and mice are also less likely to suffer from age related diseases like cancer kidney and heart disease But we still know little about the effect of scientifically controlled under nutrition on people Researchers have kept studying large numbers of people linking their weight with their 本试题摘取于考试吧 health over long periods of time In direct contrast to the laboratory experiments these population studies suggest that being underweight can actually be dangerous to your health In a major National institutes of Health study that followed more than 5 000 men and women for 24 years scientists discovered that the thinnest people ran the highest rate of dying The thinnest group of men had the highest death rates from cancer and all other diseases except those of the cardiovascular 心血管的 system It is also found that thinnest does not mean wellness Men 15 percent below average weight die more often from pneumonia 肺炎 influenza heart disease and suicide than their weightier counterparts 相似的人或物 Women 15 percent less than average are easy to get pneumonia influenza and digestive 消化的 消化系统的 system diseases An American cancer society study found that those 20 percent underweight died more often from strokes and digestive disease than their average weight counterparts In a California study of 7 000 men and women the highest death rate were among those 10 percent underweight Conversely these and other studies are finding that being slightly or moderately overweight even as much as 35 percent above standard weight is good for your health 1 paragraph 2 A Good things about being a little overweight 2 paragraph 3 B Fashion of being underweight 3 paragraph 4 C Experiments on animals regarding under nutrition 4 paragraph 5 D Some negative effects of being underweight E Contrast between experiments on animals and on people F Health of women under nutrition 标准答案 C E D A 19 5 A great many people go on a diet to have 6 Those all you can eat animals often have 7 People 15 percent underweight suffer more from 8 The thinnest group of men are less likely to suffer from A diseases of the cardiovascular system B a body shape that all people will admire C longer life time 本试题摘取于考试吧 D digestive system diseases E a shorter life span F pneumonia and influenza 标准答案 B E F A 20 四 阅读理解 45 分 第一篇 Egypt felled by famine Even ancient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilian around 2180BC Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blem and the same or worse could happen today The ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to establish the soil When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt along with sediment from the White Nile The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta Michael Krom of leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river Krom reasons that during periods of drought the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high He found that one of these periods from 4 500 to 4 200 years ago immediately predates the fall of the Egypts Old Kingdom The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians Changes that affect food supply dont have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York Similar events today could be even more devastating says team member Daniel Stanley a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D C Anything humans do to shift 本试题摘取于考试吧 the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system because the populations have increased dramatically 练习 1 Why does the author mention pyramid builders A because they once worked miracles B because they were well built C because they were actually very weak D because even they were unable to rescue their civilization 2 Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt A Change of climate B famine C food D population growth 3 Which of the following statements is true A The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile B The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Bile C The White Nile a branch of the Blue Nile D The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile 4 According to Krom Egypts Old Kingdom fell A immediately after a period of drought B immediately after a period of flood C just before a drought struck D just before a flood struck 5 The word devastating in the last paragraph could be best replaced by 本试题摘取于考试吧 A frustrating B damaging C defeating D worrying 标准答案 D A D A B 21 第二篇 high stress may damage memory According to a report issued in May 1998 elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol don t score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress lormone What s more high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal healthy range can actually accelerate brain aging The study results now provide substantial evidence that long term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans write Nade Porter and Philip Landfield of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands which sit on top of the kidneys Over a 5 to 6 year period Dr Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24 hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers most of whom were in their 70s Despite wide variation in cortisol levels the participants could be divided into three subgroups those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high increasing high those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate increasing moderate and subjects whose cortisol decreased but was currently moderate decreasing moderate The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing high category and five people in the decreasing moderate group The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory but the increasing high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing moderate group 本试题摘取于考试吧 The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing high group was 14 lower than those in the decreasing moderate group although there were no differences in other brain regions The results suggest that brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging write Porter and Landfield This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus 练习 1 The part of the brain important for a person s learning and memory is A the cortisol B the adrenal glands C the stress hormones D the hippocampus 2 When the levels of cortisol go higher the hippocampus is the brain may A become larger B become smaller C disappear completely D be totally damaged 3 According to the article when people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork A the adrenal glands will produce a stress hormone B the kidneys will produce adrenal glands C the hippocampus will produce high levels of cortisol in the blood D the brain will work more effectively 4 It appears that when the total volume of the hippocampus becomes smaller as a result of high blood levels of cortisol other brain regions A become smaller too 本试题摘取于考试吧 B Become larger C May remain the same in size D May be damaged 5 The research conducted by Porter and Landfield shows that A changes in the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging B changes in the levels of adrenal hormones may affect brain aging C chronic stress may strengthen a man s memory D the rate of brain aging always remains stable 标准答案 B D C A B 22 第三篇 Obsesity Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat The human body maturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems Most physicians use the body mass index BMI to determine desirable weights BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considerated obese Weight height tables such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges These tables assign a range of weights for particular height For example a man of 1 8m has a desirable a range 66 to 83 kg with an average of 75 kg A woman who is 1 6m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg with an average of 62kg The BMI and weight height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat as in the case of a body builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue which weighs more fat Likewise a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue 本试题摘取于考试吧 Obesity increases the risk of developing disease Acorrding to some estimates almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood prssure Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer and all obese people have an estimated 43 percent higher chance of developing colon caner The risk of medical complications particularly heart disease increases when body fat is distributed around the waist especially in the abdomen This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable Stereotypes about fat people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education employment and social relationships The consequences of being in a world where people had better be thin are especially severe for women whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of exaggerated slimness 练习 1 What is obesity A Obesity is having fat tissue under the skin B Obesity is having fat tissue around organs C Obesity is being too fat D Obesity is having good health 2 If we say that fat is critical for good health we mean that A fat people should be criticized B fat is very important for people to keep healty C people should be fat if they want to be healthy D having much fat in the body in the body is certainly associated with health problems 3 If a woman is 1 6m tall and weighs 49 kg she A is considered within the desirable weight height range B is definitely unhealthy C should be consideraed fat D should not be considered unhealthy 本试题摘取于考试吧 4 A heavy man A certainly has a lot of fat in him B usually has a sedentary lifestyle C certainly has a lot muscle in him E may have muscle tissue that weighs more than fat 5 Acorrding to this article fat people may be A looke