第十一章 动词的非谓语形式.doc

龙文学校英语个性化辅导资料 学生： 龙文学校-您值得信耐的品牌教育机构 5第十一章 动词的非谓语形式【新课标考点】1.理解动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及和疑问词连用构成动词不定式短语的用法；2.理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法；3.掌握动名词与分词在句子中的用法；4.理解不同非谓语动词的区别。【新课标知识】非谓语动词：英语中不是作谓语而是用于在句中起名词，形容词或副词等其他语法功能作用的动词形式，叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化，没有时态变化，又叫非限定性动词；形式主要有三种：不定式；动名词；分词（现在分词和过去分词）一、 不定式动 词 不 定 式：动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1 动词不定式作主语： To mast a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 Its very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。（it作形式主语）2 动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. What I wish is to learn English well.我所希望的是把英语学好。 I found it very difficult to learn English well. 我发现要学好英语真不容易。（it代替作形式宾语）3 动词不定式作宾语补语 。 Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。 4 动词不定式作表语 ： The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。 5 动词不定式作定语：There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。 6 不定式作状语： We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。 7 其他用法：（1）. 动词不定式的否定形式： not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 （2）. 带疑问词的不定式：疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。 I dont know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。 Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？ （3）. 带逻辑主语的不定式：动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。 注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式， for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。 Its necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。 There are much work for me to finish,有许多工作要我去完成。 二、动名词动 名 词动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语： Talking like that is not polite.那样谈话不礼貌。 动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。 Its no use waiting here, lets go home.在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。 2) 动名词作表语 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 3) 动名词作宾语：有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep. Please stop smoking in the house.请不要在家里抽烟。 I like reading in the forest.我喜欢在树林里读书。 Do you mind my opening the windows?你介意我打开窗户吗？ 动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room.她在阅览室学习。 He slept in the sleeping bag.他在睡袋里睡觉。 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词 We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事 。 动名词的几个特殊情况： 1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。 能跟动名词的动词有： enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, prevent, suggest, cant help, 等。 动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。 I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。 I like reading.我喜欢阅读。 2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。 I remember meeting him in the street.我记得在街上见过他。 I remember to write a letter to my parents.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。 3) stop + 动名词表示停止动名词所表示的动作， stop + 不定式表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。 Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟 。 Lets stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。 4) 动名词和分词的区别： 动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时， 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。reading text 阅读课文 动名词 developing country 发展中国家 分词 a sleeping bag 睡袋 动名词 boiled water 开水 分词 三、分词分 词 ：分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed.分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。 分词作定语 ：China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。 Thats an interesting story.这是一个有趣的故事。 作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。 The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. 被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。 There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。 分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断， 有主谓关系的是分词， 否则判断为动名词。 a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词） a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （动名词） 分词作状语 Being a student, he likes to help others.作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。 Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。 Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. 经老师一说，她知道自己不对。 分词作表语 The story is interesting .故事有趣。 We are interested in computer.我们对计算机感兴趣。 分词作宾语补足语 ：可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street.我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。 have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。 I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发） She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的） 分词的否定形式。not + 分词 Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。 Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school. 小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。 易混点清单动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。1 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 Stop doing sth.停止做某事2 remember to do sth.记住要做某事 Reme mer doing sth.记得曾做过某事3 forget to do sth.忘记做某事 Forget doing sth.忘记做过某事4 try to do sth努力去做某事 Try doing sth试着去做某事 5 go on to do sth做完一件事，接着去做另一件事 Go on doing sth继续不停的做某事6 allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 Allow doing sth.允许做某事【新课标考题】基础训练.用非谓语动词的适当形式填空：1. The best time _ (plant) trees is in spring.2. Satellites are used for _ (learn) more about the earth.3. He finishes _ (wash) at eight oclock in the evening.4. Youve worked for 4 hours. Please stop _ (have) a rest.5. She often makes us _(do) a lot of homework after school.6. Mother always tell me _ (not read) in bed.7. They asked the headmaster _(speak) at the meeting.8. _ (smoke) too much is bad for your health.9. the baby was made _ (laugh) by Tom.10. Thank you for _ (come) to see me.根据汉语提示用非谓语动词完成下列各句：1. I want _ (看) a film, _ (而不是看) TV.2. Did you see her _ (下了还是上了) the bus?3. Im thirsty. Id like something _ (喝).4. Its very important _ (学) a foreign language well.5. The old man found it difficult _ (入睡).6. The runner fell, but he quickly got up and went on _ (跑).7. Remember _(关) the lights when you leave the classroom.8. Stop _ (谈话), please. Its time _(上课).9. It took me two hours _ (完成) my homework last night.10.I spent two hours _(做) my homework last night.单项选择.( )1. I have a lot of things _ this weekend. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do( )2. Youd better _ upstairs and tell the children_ make so much noise. A. go; not to B. go; dontC. to go; not to D. to go; dont( )3. Lily likes _ the clothes of light colour. A. to put on B. putting C. to dress D. wearing( )4. Its too late. Why _ now? A. not to go B. not going C. not go D. dont go( )5. Please dont forget _ to me, will you? A. to write B. writing C. write D. to writing( )6. When Im tired, I enjoy _ music. A. listening B. listening to C. to hear D. hearing the( )7. Linda was very sorry for being late. But the teachers smile made her _ better. A. feel B. to feel C. fall D. to fall( )8. I heard Mother _ with Father in the next room at ten last night. A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. is talking( )9. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _ the earth away. A. blow B. to blow C. blowing D. blew( )10. Did the teacher tell you _ this afternoon? -Yes. Well go to visit the Science Museum. A. to go where B. how to do C. what to do D. to do what( )11. We are not sure _. A. when to leave B. when leave C. when leaves D. when leaving( )12. Meimei went _ Kate with her Chinese. A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping( )13. _ is bad for our health. A. Doing eye exercises B. Go to bed early C. Eating too much D. Taking a walk( )14. Wu Dong is good at _ English. A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. spoke( )15. The old woman was _ tired _ go any farther. A. too; to B. go; as C. very; to D. so , that( )16. Would you please _ drop your shoes on the floor at night? A. not to B. not C. dont D. wont( )17. Most of the children enjoy _ computer games. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play( )18. She should do her homework now. But she doesnt feel like _ it. A. does B. do C. doing D. to do( )19. Uncle Wang can make his kite _ higher in the sky. A. fly B. flies C. to fly D. flying( )20. Youd better _ the cinema by bus. A. dont go B. to go C. to go to D. go to 中考真题精选( )1. (07北京)Her wish is _ a famous singer. A. become B. became C. becomes D. to become( )2. (07重庆)Our monitor is always ready _ others. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping( )3. (07天津)Have you decided _ for your holidays? A. go where B. where to go C. to go where D. where go( )4. (07江西)Would you please _ me a chair _? A. give; to sit on B. give; to sit C. giving; sit D. to give; sit on( )5. (07陕西)There id no difference between the two words. I really dont know _. A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what( )6. (07安徽)Though he had often made his sister _, today he was made _ by his sister. A. cry; crying B. crying; cryingC. cry; to cry D. to cry; cry( )7. (07河北)Why are you going shopping if you dont _? -My wife wants _ with her. A. want to; I go B. want; me goingC. want to; me to go D. want; to go( )8. (07绵阳)We are often told _ people in trouble. A. to smiling B. not to smileC. to laugh D. not to laugh at( )9. (07贵阳)You look so tired. Why not _ a rest? A. stop having B. to stop haveC. stop to have D. to stop to have( )10. (07苏州)What a fine day! How about _ out for a walk? A. go B. to go C. gone D. going( )11. (07辽宁)Mary went _ after she finished _ her work. A. swim; doing B. to swim; to doC. to swim; doing D. swimming; to do( )12. (07四川)Would you mind _ the window, please? Its cold outside. A. to close B. closing C. closed D. close( )13. (06河北)A fridge is used for _ vegetable and food cool. A. kept B. keeping C. to keep D. keeps( )14. (07遵义)The farmers on the farm are busy _ apples on the trees. A. picking B. to pick C. pick D. picked( )15. (06嘉兴)One day when Edison was five years old, his father saw him _ some eggs. A. sat B. to sit C. sitting D. was sitting ( )16. (06杭州)She has no paper _ A. to write B. to write withC. writing on D. to write on( )17. (06徐州)When class began, we stopped _ to the teacher carefully. A. listening B. listen C. listens D. to listen( )18. (06太原)There are so many kinds of radios in the shop. I cant decide _ A.to buy what B. to buy which C. what to buy D. which to buy( )19. (06芜湖)Do you often hear John _ in his room? -Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A.sing; to sing B. singing; singingC. sing; singing D. to sing; singing( )20. (06上海)I usually forget _ the door, but I remembered _ it when I left yesterday. A. closing; closing B. to close; to close C. closing; to close D. to close; closing中考难题提高篇（ ）1.My aunt played thee light music make the baby_crying. A.stopping B.stops C.to stop D.stop( )2.Jane said she_sending e-mails _letters. A.preferred,to writing B.preferred,to write B.prefers,writing C.prefers,to writing ( )3.Why is your bedroom so dirty?-Sorry,Mum.I_it. A.forget to clean B.forgot to clean C.forget cleaning D.forgot cleaning( )4.Father is busy _the meal while Iam busy _the homework.A.cooking,with B.to cook,withC.to cook,doing D.with,to do ( )5.I ask mother _at six every morning.A.wake we up Bwaking me up C.to wake me up D to wake up me( )6.He saw a little boy _on the truck when he got off the train.A.played B.to play C.playing D.is playing( )7.The new term is coming.The students are busy _the classronm. A.clean B. cleans C.to clean D.cleaning( )8.Colors can change our moods and make us _or sad ,active or sleepy. A.to feel happy B.feel happily C.feel happy D.feeling happy( )9.Lets hurry!There are only two minutes _. A.leave B.leaving C.to leave D.left( )10.Dont forgot to _the lights when