液袋对ISO集装箱的损伤研究.docx

China Container Industry Association 液袋对ISO集装箱的损伤研究Damage Research on Flexitank Usage in ISO Containers1. 研究背景近十几年来，液袋被越来越多地应用在全球集装箱运输中，原本设计和制造用于普通干货运输的ISO集装箱，被用于运输液体散货，并被称作是一种“新型”的运输方式。然而，随之而来频繁发生的各种液袋事故，令业内人士开始担忧并质疑这种运输方式的安全性。一些具体的事故案例如下： Background ResearchIn recent ten years, along with the rapid growth of flexitanks used in the global container transportation, more and more bulk liquids are transported by ISO containers which were originally designed for general dry cargos. However, this so-called new transportation mode has frequently been reported for various accidents, which has aroused high attention and worry about the safety by the Professionals in this the industry. Some specific accident cases are as follows: 1）2013.6.10集装箱液袋在俄罗斯巴扎依哈站泄漏 2013.6.10 Flexitank leakage in Russias BAZAIHA 2) 2014年9月30日集装箱液袋在鹿特丹A15公路泄露2014.9.30 Flexitank leakage in Rotterdam A15 highway 3）集装箱装液袋侧壁弯曲的图片Pictures of container sidewall bending 2. Analysis of ISO container inspection rules 3. ISO集装箱检验规则分析Container damage is one of the main performance manifestations of the accidents, so it is necessary essential to study the effectresearch into the influences of flexitank on the ISO Container in the process of the transportation of container. Is there any Approved Regulations/Standards of the usage of flexitank in ISO Container?Then, whether this method of transportation is allowed or approved by relevant regulations/standards? What are the characteristics distinguishing features of dry and liquid cargo transportation？集装箱的损坏是事故的主要表现之一，所以有必要研究液袋在运输中对集装箱的影响。那么液袋在集装箱中运输是否有法规和标准可依？干货和液体货物运输有哪些特点呢？ 2.1 Characteristics Distinguishing Features of dry and liquid cargos干货和液体货物特点干货由于其流动性差，所以在运输中具有以下特点：Due to its poor liquidityflowability, the dry cargo has the following features during transportation:1）在栓固好后其重心不易发生移动，不会对集装箱侧壁造成较大压力。1）Been carefully tied and fastened, the The center of gravity of dry cargo is not easily movable easy to move after tied and fastened, and therefore and will not cause muchgreater pressure on container sidewall. 2）干货的压力传递一般是单方向的，栓固好后其主要对箱体底部以及系固钩/栓施压。2）The force pressure of dry cargo is generally applied in a single directionunidirectional, and mainly on the bottom of the container and tied hook /bolt after the dry cargo is tied and fastened.在与普通干货相比，液体货物具有流动性，会带来以下特殊效应：Due to its flowability, Compared with ordinary dry cargo, flowable liquid cargo will effected by the following special propertieshave the following EFFECTS in comparison with general dry cargo:1)晃动效应：运输过程中，车辆的加速和制动，会造成液体前后涌动；车辆在弯道运行时，液体会在离心力作用下涌向一侧。液体的这种重心动态移动，对盛装容器造成惯性冲击。1) Sloshing effect: During transportation, the vehicles acceleration and braking will cause the liquid flowing forth and back; and when the vehicle turns in a curve, the liquid will surge to one side under the centrifugal force. Above dynamic movement of the center of gravity of the liquid results in huge impact on the container.2）压力传递：液体对盛装容器的压力可在各个方向传递。液体货物的载荷同时作用在侧壁、端壁及底板上。2）Pressure transmission: The pressure that liquids apply to the container can be transferred in all directions. The load of liquids will apply the force to the side wall, end wall and bottom plate at the same time.2.2 Inspection rules of ISO container ISO集装箱检验规则从以上特点可分析出运输过程中液体会对集装箱侧壁造成冲击，但是集装箱的强度检验规则遵从的确是ISO 1496-1，此标准的强度检验是以内装干货来考虑的，并没有考虑到内装液体的状况。装运液体的集装箱强度检验规则是ISO1496-3。两者的区别如下表所示：It can be analyzed from above characteristics that: the liquid will impact on the container side wall during the process of transportation. , but its the applying inspection rules are in accordance with ISO 1496-1, which is only based on the transportation of dry DRY freights, rather than liquid LIQUID cargoes. Taking the liquid NATURE into consideration, in our opinion, tThe containers for the carriage of liquid cargo should meet ISO1496-3. The difference between the two rules are shown in the following table.TestsISO 1496-1ISO 1496-31. Stacking2. Lifting from four top corner castings3. Lifting from four bottom corner castings4. External longitudinal restraintThe internal load is evenly distributed over the floorbottom.The container is loaded with liquid of any desired volume and the pressure of liquid is appliedcan apply in all directions at the same time.5. Internal lateral restraintNot applicableThe container is loaded with liquid of any desired volume and positioned with its transverse axis vertical with a permissible tolerance of 3. This test is intended to assess the bearing capability of the container against the lateral acceleration during transportation.试验类型ISO1496-1ISO1496-31、 堆码2、 吊顶3、 吊底4、 外部纵向栓固载荷均匀分布在底板上容器装满相应质量的液体，压力可以同时作用各个方向5、内部横向栓固无容器装满相应质量的液体，使集装箱的横轴处于竖直方向（允许偏差3度）。考核集装箱运输过程中横向加速度的承受能力。So, ISO1496-1 is not applicable for the transportation of flexitank by the containers.it is not suitable based on the standard to transport flexitank by the container tested according to ISO1496-1. 所以用ISO1496-1检验的集装箱运输液袋从标准上就是不适合的！4. Mechanical analysis of ISO container loaded with flexitank during transportation ISO集装箱装载液袋运输状态下的力学分析为了了解液袋在运营过程中对集装箱造成的应力及变形状况，利用有限元分析方法对横向1g这一最有代表性的运输工况进行分析计算。In order to investigate the reasons and to understand the status of stress exerted on the container during flexitank transportation, an FEA analysis has been done for under the most representative transportation condition, transverse Inertia Force 1Rg.4.1 Calculation conditions计算条件1) The object is ISO 20 feet container (Design gross mass is 30,480Kg). 计算对象为20英尺ISO干货箱（设计总重30480KG）2) Flexitank has a variety of specifications, two kinds of flexitanks commonly used flexitanks are selected to be analyzed in this report. 液袋具有多种容积规格，本报告选择了典型的16立方和24立方两种液袋规格进行了分析。液袋为24立方时，液体与侧壁的接触高度为1300mm;液袋为16立方时，液体与侧壁的接触高度为1100mm。16KL，the height of liquid in contact with the side wall is 1100 mm; 24KL，the height of liquid in contact with the side wall is 1300 mm.3) Assuming the liquid medium is water. 假设液体介质为水。4）Loading condition: Transverse Inertia Force 1Rg plus downwards gravity 1 g. 载荷工况：水平方向总重乘以加速度。并叠加向下1G 的重力。5）ANSYS10.0 software and SHELL181 are used. “Kg, mm and Mpa” unit system are used in Modeling. Material properties are shown in table below. 模型采用ANSYS10.0软件和shell181单元来进行分析。单位制采用KG，mm，MPa，材料属性如下表MaterialElasticityModulusE(MPa)YieldStrength (MPa)TensileStrength (MPa)PoissonRatioCorten-A2.06e53504900.3WoodFloorEx=10000,Ey=3500,Ez=3500-Vxy=Vyz=Vxz=0.4材料弹性模量E(Mpa)屈服强度(Mpa)拉伸强度(Mpa)泊松比Corten-A2.06e53504900.3木地板Ex=10000,Ey=3500,Ez=3500-Vxy=Vyz=Vxz=0.43.2 FEA model有限元分析模型Coordinate Y in the model is vertically upward, X axis is longitudinal direction, and Z is lateral direction. Figure 3.1 shows the full model of 20 feet dry bulk container.模型Y坐标为垂直向上方向，Z为横向，X为纵向。图3.1为20英尺标准干散货集装箱全模型。图.3.13.3 Analysis results计算结果 The Case of 24KL Flexitank The Case of 16KL Flexitank装载24KL液袋情形 装载16KL液袋情形Figure 3.2 Liquid Pressure Distribution in the condition of transverse inertia force 1Rg图.3.2横向1g工况下的液体压力分布图 The Case of 24KL Flexitank The Case of 16KL Flexitank装载24KL液袋情形 装载16KL液袋情形Figure 3.3 Sidewall Deformation图.3.3侧壁变形Figure 3.4 shows the actual sidewall deformation, which is consistent with the calculation results. 图3.4是实际发生的明显的侧壁变形，这与计算结果是一致的Figure.3.4 The Case of 24KL Flexitank The Case of 16KL FlexitankFigure.3.5 Maximum equivalent Mises Stress装载24KL液袋情形 装载16KL液袋情形图.3.5最大等效米塞斯应力 The Case of 24KL Flexitank The Case of 16KL FlexitankFigure 3.6 Maximum Stress Position (view from outside the box)装载24KL液袋情形 装载16KL液袋情形图.3.6最大应力位置（从外侧看）3.4 Results analysis1、The maximum deformation occurred in the middle of the side wall. It was up to 60mm for 16KL flexitank, and 82mm for 24KL flexitank. It has severely exceeded the outline of the container, and influence the normal operation of the container, which doesnt meet the requirements of ISO1496 series standards. 结果分析1、最大变形发生在侧板中间位置。液袋为16KL时弹性变形达60mm ，液袋为24KL时达82mm。严重超出角件外尺寸，影响了集装箱的正常使用，不符合ISO1496系列标准要求。2、the maximum stress was always occurred in t