语法部分(二)一般过去时.doc

语法部分(二)一般过去时一、般过去时的语法含义：表示过去某一时间或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, yesterday morning, last Saturday，last week等。二、一般过去式的构成：一般过去式的构成是：主语+动词的过去式。1)动词be的过去时的形式、陈述句，疑问句及其答语：2)(1)动词be的一般过去式有两种形式，即was和were主语是I，he，she，it以及相当于第三人称单数的名词时，谓语动词一律用was；如果主语为you，they，we以及复数名词时，谓语动词一律用were(2)陈述句形式：主语+waswere(not)+其他。Heshe was(not) late for school yesterday.TheyYouWe were(not) here yesterday.I was(not) at school yesterday.(3)疑问句形式及答语：WasWere+主语+其他？Yes，人+waswere No，人+wasntwerentWas your sister a doctor last year?Yes, she wasNo, she wasnt.Were they here with you this morning?Yes, they wereNo, they werent.【注意】wasnt=was not werent=were not, was 和were与主语不构成缩写。3)实义动词的过去式：动词的过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化，规则动词的变化有下列四种情况：(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed，词尾-ed在浊辅音和元音后读d，在清辅音后读t，在t、d音后面，词尾-ed一律读id，如：playplayeddcleancleanedd staystayeddaskasked t cookcooked t watchwatchedtneedneededid wantwantedid visitvisitedid(2)词尾是e的动词加-d。如：livelivedd changechangedd likelikedt(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，应双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstoppedt planplannedd(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将 y变为 i再加-ed，词尾的-ed一律读d。studystudiedd carrycarrieddcrycriedd注意区分： playplayed staystayed(5) 有些动词的过去式的变化是不规则的。如：be wasweredo did go wentread read see saw have hadwrite wrote sit sat spend spent4)实义动词过去时态的陈述句，疑问句及其答语。在一般过去时的句子中，如果谓语动词是实义动词，需要使用助动词did和didnt来完成句子的疑问和否定，句中的谓语部分(实义动词)要用动词原形。对于一般疑问句的回答，应使用助动词。如：He played games with Weihua yesterday. (陈述句)He didnt play games with Weihua yesterday. (否定句) Did he play games with Weihua yesterday? (一般疑问句) Yes, he did./No, he didnt. (肯定/否定回答)When did he play games with Weihua? (特殊疑问句)They had eggs for breakfast yesterday.They didnt have eggs for breakfast yesterday.Did they have eggs for breakfast yesterday?Yes, they did/No, they didnt.What did they have for breakfast yesterday? 三、一般过去时用法1 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时如：yesterday(昨天)、two days ago(两天前 )、last year(去年)、the other day(前几天)、once up on a time(过去曾经)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时)Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always，never every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语。When I studied in the university, I read aloud every morning. In the past few years I usually went touring during my summer vocations.在过去的几年里，每逢暑假我总是出去旅游。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞) I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒)4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to doHe used to drink. 他过去喝酒。(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)5 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.)I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。一般过去时练习I. 请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday?2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting boo4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song?I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he_9. How _(be) Jims weekend?It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _11.-What day _(be) it yesterday? -It _(be) Monday. 12. Lily and Lucy _(get) to school early the day before yesterday. 13. I _(be )very busy at the end of last month. 14. What _they _(do) last summer? 15. He _(teach) me physics in 1980. 16. _she _(get) a bad cold last week? 17. We _(not visit) the Summer Palace last Sunday. 18. I _(not go) anywhere on the last day of my trip to Chengdu. 19. _she _(make) many mistakes last time? 20. When _ the visitors _(arrive) in Beijing? Two hours ago. 21. My parents _(do) some cleaning just now. 22. Jenny _(be) often late for school last term. 23. When Edison was a child, he often _(ask) strange questions. 24. He _(use) to play football after school, but now he has no time to do that. 25.My sister _(lose) her key to her bike on the way to the shopping center. 26.When and where _you _(find) your lost car? 27. When _ (be) you born? In September, 1988. 28. They _(say) that they _(build) a hospital the year before last. 29. The baby _(not go) to bed until her mother came back. 30. Fiona didnt go hiking with her friends because she _(be) ill. 31. Larry _(want) to buy some books, but he didnt have money with him. 32. When I _(come) into the room, my daughter was watching TV. 33. He said he _(not like) buying an expensive gift for his friend. 34. She said that she would visit the museum if it _(not rain)35.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.36.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I _ (get)up late.37 .Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.38.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.39.I _ (call) Mike this morning.40.I listened but _ (hear) nothing.41.Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.42.Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. 43.My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.44 .She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.45. _ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year?46-What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday?-We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening47. What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now?48. Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.49. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 50. There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)51. There _ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)52. There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there?53. Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move)54. -When _ you _ (come) to china? -Last year55. Did she _ (have) supper at home? 56. Jack _ (not clean) the room just now. 57. _ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?58. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?59. It _ (be) hot yesterday and most children _ (be) outside. 60. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it. II. 翻译下列句子1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。I. _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2.Jen喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书籍。Jenny likes _ _.Jenny likes _ _. She _ a book _ _ last nigh3.Em每天都练习弹吉他。可是昨天他没有练习。他为数学考试作准备了。Emma _ the guitar every day. But he _ _ yesterday. He _ _Emma _ the guitar every day. But he _ _ yesterday. He _ _ the math tes4.上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。What _ they _ _ Saturday?They _ _ homework and _ _ _.改错题1.How is Jane yesterday? _2.He go to school by bus last week. _3.He often