语法：虚拟语气.doc

溧水职教中心综高部高三英语讲学稿 虚拟语气 执笔人：wxj课题： Grammar 课型：新授 姓名：_ 班级:_【学习目标】1To understand the meaning of . subjunctive moods.2To master the usages of subjunctive moods .3To develop studentsinterest in learning English.【学习重点】To master the usages of subjunctive moods .【学习难点】To do exercises related to the grammar 【课时安排】one period 【学习过程】一、课前准备：1Read the notes about the subjunctive moods in the studentsworkbook ahead of time.(提前阅读二轮复习的练习册) .2通过预习，你对虚拟语气有了哪些了解？还有哪些方面存在疑问？_二、课堂学习 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 例句：1.If I had money, I would buy the book. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened. 5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6.I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.注意：1)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。)2)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:从句省略if,用倒装句式were,had,should+主语。例如:Were I in school again,I would work harder. Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如:Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句1)wish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为可惜、就好了、悔不该、但愿等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望,用would(could)+动词原形;表示过去不能实现的愿望,用had+过去分词或(could)would+have+过去分词。例如:I wish we could go to the seaside today.I wish you told me earlier. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.2)虚拟语气在动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest，advise等后面的宾语从句中,用(should)+动词原形。例如:I suggested that the meeting (should)be put off. The doctor ordered that she(should)stay in bed for a few days. They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people.注意:insist作“辩解”；“力言”（和主语自己有关）时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作坚持(别人应该)解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。Suggest为 “暗示，表明 ” 意思时不用虚拟语气。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. I insisted that you give me my money back.3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构(should)+动词原形。例如:We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he (should)do exercises first.4.虚拟语气用于以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用had+过去分词;表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would(might,could)+动词原形。例如:He looked at me as if I were mad. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.It looks as if it might rain.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win.5.虚拟语气用于主语从句在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用should+动词原形的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如:It is necessary(important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity(a shame, no wonder ,etc.)that you should be so careless. It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.在上述三种主语从句中,should意为应该、竟然,可以省去,但不可换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。例如:It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant swim.6.虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在It is(high)time(that).句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或should+动词原形(should不能省略,be用were)来表示,意为(现在)该。例如:Its time that I went and picked up my little girl from school. It is high time we were going.7.虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句:If only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了。If only I were a bird!我如果是一只鸟就好了。8.虚拟语气在would rather后接从句:Id rather you paid me now.(从句用过去时指现在) I would rather they came tomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来) 三、课堂总结1.虚拟语气用于条件_从句2.虚拟语气用于_从句3.虚拟语气用于_从句、_从句 4.虚拟语气用于以_引导的表语从句或状语从句5.虚拟语气用于_从句6.虚拟语气用于_从句7.虚拟语气用于_引导的感叹句:8.虚拟语气在_后接从句:四 、Self-assessment and feedback.(自我评价与反馈小结)回想本节课所学的内容，你学到哪些？还有哪些疑问？或有什么感想吗？_五、课后拓展练习1I enjoyed the movie very muchI wish I the book from which it was made Ahave read Bhad read Cshould have read Dam reading2You are lateIf you a few minutes earlier,you him Acame；Would meetBhad come；Would have met Ccome；Will meet Dhad come；would meet3I cant stand himHe always talks as though he everything Aknew Bknows Chas know Dhad known4His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad Awill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook5We might have failed if you us a helping hand Ahave not given Bwould not give Chad not given Ddid not give6The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month Ahas Bhave Chad Dwill have7He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting Awould come Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be8If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier Awill be Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be9 the fog，we should have reached our schoo1 ABecause of BIn spite of CIn case of DBut for10What will you do during winter vacation? I dont know，but its about time something AI decided BIll decide CId decided DIm deciding11He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party Awould come Bcame Cwould have come Dshould come12The two strangers talked as if they friends for years Ashould be Bhad been Chave been Dwere13Look! What youve done!You have been more careful Ashould Bmay Cought Dwould14Without electricity，what ? Awill the world be like Bwould the world be like Cthe world will be like Dthe World Would be like15With your ability，you out the puzzle within a few minutesA could have worked Bneed have worked B Cought have worked Dmust have worked16My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible Ais taken Bmust be taken Cbe taken Dhas to be taken17If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now Awould have had Bwould have Cmust be having Dwould be having18 here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today AHad he been BIf he were CWere he DShould be he19His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk Ahad been Bwas Cbe Dshould be20Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day? Ashould come Bshould have solved Chave solved Dsolved210ur chairman hasnt come yetIf he on time，we would have to put off the meeting Ashould come Bwould come Cshouldnt come Ddoesnt come22He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest Awas；be allowed Bwas；must be allowed Cshould be；must be allowed Dshould be；be allowed23He did his best in everything； he would not have been what he was Aand Bbut Cotherwise Dbut that24I do I could give you a hand Ahope Bwish Cexpect Dth