语音基础知识.doc

语音基础知识一、英语字母： 1.英语中有26个字母，其中5个元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。 它们的音标分别是：/ei/, /i:/, /ai/, /, /ju:/。剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。英语字母发音表A a/ei/B b/bi:/C c/si:/D d/di:/E e/i:/F f/ef/G g/ i:/H h/ei/I i/ai/J j/ ei/K k/kei/L l/el/M m/em/N n/en/O o/P p/pi:/Q q/kju:/R r/a:/S s/es/T t/ti;/U u/ju:/V v/vi:/W w/dblju:/X x/eks/Y y/wai/Z z/zi:/或/zed/英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）元音 : (发音响亮 , 口腔中气流不受阻碍 , 是音节的主要组成部分。)单元音（12个）长元音a: i: u:短元音 iue 双元音（8个）ai ei i i u au辅音（28个）（清浊成对的辅音11对）发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是音节的重要组成部分轻辅音ptk fs htstr浊辅音bdgv z rdzdr单个辅音（6个） 鼻音 m n 半元音jw 边音 l开音节1)相对开音节(重读开音节)元音字母+辅音字母（除r）+不发音e） 元音字母按字母名称读音或长音。 如 :kite name bike make plane shine these home excuse like remove特殊：have2)绝对开音节：辅音字母+ 元音字母 如 :he hi go no do be tree three hello在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。闭音节 : 以一个或几个辅音字母（ r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。1) 辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 如 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2) 元音 + 辅音(重读闭音节) 如 : map ， desk ， is,man, sad, dad在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。 重读音节：指在双音节或多音节词中有一个发音特别响亮的音节，叫重读音节，用重音符号“”标于相应位置，其他音节为非重读音节，如begin |bigin|，单音节词作重读处理，但不标重音符号.重读闭音节就是元音不发字母本身音（重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；3. 元音字母发短元音。） (两个辅音间夹着一个元音) sitsitting beginbeginning admit-admitted重读开音节和重读闭音节可以这样区别：看末尾的音节，你比如：like, ride, strike等一系列单词，它们的最后一个音节都是二元夹一辅，即两个元音中间夹一个辅音，类似的单词就叫重读开音节；而比如：map, bag, forget等类似的单词的末尾是两辅夹一元，即最后的音节是两个辅音夹一个元音，这样的单词就叫重读闭音节。一个单词，不管它有多长，你只看它的最后一个音节即可。非重读音节：在双音节词和多音节词中，重读音节之外的音节称为非重读音节。例如：字母a,o,u在非重读音节中一般读 或i。如：banana today police 字母e,i,y在非重读音节中，一般读i或，或不发音behind different toilet duty student 一、“oo”发音口诀“oo”读 blood flood /u:/ noon cool boot/u/ good cook wooden1、k、d 之前除食物、心情、面条，大家都来读短音，f、l、m、n 、s、t、th 之前除去脚、羊毛、羊毛的，大家都来读长音；classroom、bedroom 复合名词，请读短音别含糊，动物园、也、选、房、军队、松的请读长音莫彷徨。 “血”与“洪水”真特殊，“oo”读细分辨，2、“教室、卧室、好、脚、站在木毛上，遇到老K发短音”注：“教室、卧室、好、脚、站在木羊毛上”短。”即：classroom, bedroom,good, foot, stood, wood ,wool羊毛.二、动词或名词词尾加-s或-es的发音：(清对清，浊对浊，元音后面也对浊)1在清辅音后面读s works stops clocks shops desks2在浊辅音和元音后面读z runs sings stays balls radios 3在s、z、 、音后的-es读iz dances watches washes bridges roses oranges4在词尾-ies中读iz studies countries5 在t 后读ts cats lots sits lifts texts its6 在d后读dz friends beds sands reads hides 三、动词词尾加“ed”后的发音规则(清对清，浊对浊，元音后面也对浊) 以t、d结尾加ed发id在浊辅音后面 d called moved welcomed rained questioned begged believed 在清辅音后面 t asked finished helpedhelpt passedpa:st reached元音后面 d borrowed enjoyed answered repaired stayed cried以-t结尾的单词 id wantedwntid startedsta:tid fitted countedkauntid 以-d结尾的单词 id neededni:did nodded decided四、n 发/n/或者/n在k、g音前读sink think bank blanket angry anger hungry hunger language English twinklecontinent ancient miner president journal finally pardon onceorange /n/handkerchief(手帕) /五、th的发音、 think thank month mouth their than clothes smoothSome youths with wreaths are walking along the paths to have baths in their houses with something in their mouths. (ths-z) houseshauziz高中一年级英语语音练习题高考给出的五个语音的试题，它一般是三元两辅，考的是三个题是元音的题，两个是辅音的题。1. honest A heart B hire C hour D human2. hunt A finger B think C language D recognize3. experience A exercise B explanation C experiment D extra4. nature A natural B native C international D adventure5 question A emotion B situation C suggestion D information6.peace A leader B breakfast C pleasure D pleasant7.include A pollution B publish C gun D hunt8.present A medal B prepare C effect D complete9.point A bank B think C final D ink10.ancient A custom B curtain C actor D official11.character A chance B headache C choice D match12.shoulder A should B could C would D chose13.cycle A joy B plenty C young D July14.foot A blood B cool C pool D cook15.mean A meant B pleasant C dead D seaside16exist A exercise B explain C excuse D example17.unfair A unless B uncle C unite D unusual18.breathe A tenth B worth C health D clothes19.houses A roses B buses C horses D faces20.roof A food B book C stood D wooden 21.nature A national B natural C nation D international22. wonder A dragon B across C discover D decorate23.pages A faces B tapes C besides D drives24.question A revolution B education C suggestion D reception25.official A pencil B physical C affect D special26.realize A theatre Bweather C break D breath 27.hear A. nearly B. search C. bear D. heart 28. museum A. subject B. true C. huge D. busy29. stop A. loseB. woman C. lock D. rose30.honest A.host B.hour C.habit D.husband31.occur A.ocean B.possible C.position D.offer32.enough A.touch B.mouth C.soul D.shout33.wear A.near B.require C.cheer D.share34.watched A.judged B.worked C.refused D.wanted35.passenger A.sugar B.organize C.strange D. together36.chemistry A. stomach B. achieve C. check D.machine37.club A. pollution B. struggle C. useful D.bury38.majority A. baggage B. attract C. Canadian D. magazine39.area A. theatre B. breathe C. break D. heaven40success A.officialBexcuseC.correctD.exciting41society A.achieveB.friend C.scienceD.believe42theirs A.threadB.smooth C.thirstyD.bealth43.raise A.remainB.certain C.moantainD.pare A.company B.continue C.commonD.concert45.again A. cabbage B. narrow C. famous D. tradition46. custom A. measure B. upstairs C. respect D. sugar47. twice A. machine B. invite C. terrible D. bitter48. doubt A. amount B. trouble C. shoulder D. group49.north A. thunder B. worthy C. neither D. clothes50.permit Afirst .behind C.island D. smile51.question A.revolution B.exhibition C.suggestion D.education52.empty A.toilet .dozen .general .connect53.social A.precious .certain .discovery .decision54.forget A.ordinary .major .world .report55. regard A. design B. ge