闵行松江最专业的寒假高一英语补习班-七宝新王牌.pdf

闵闵行行松松江江最最专专业业的的寒寒假假高高一一英英语语补补习习班班 七七宝宝新新王王牌牌 高高一一英英语语重重点点语语法法总总结结 直接引语和间接引语 1 直接引语在改为间接引语时 时态需要做相应的调整 eg He said I broke your CD player 一般过去时改成过去完成时 He told me he had broken my CD player Jenny said I have lost a book 现在完成时改成过去完成时 Jenny said she had lost a book Mum said I ll go to see a friend 一般将来时改成过去将来时 Mum said she would go to see a friend 过去完成时保留原有的时态 He said We hadn t finished our homework He said they hadn t finished their homework 注意 直接引语是客观真理 过去进行时 时态不变 2 在直接引语变间接引语时 如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修 饰 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化 如 Mary said My brother is an engineer Mary said her brother was and engineer 3 直接引语如果是反意疑问句 选择疑问句或一般疑问句 间接引语应改为 由whether或if引导的宾语从句 如 He said Can you run Mike He asked Mike whether if he could run 4 直接引语如果是祈使句 间接引语应改为 tell ask order beg等 not to do sth 句型 如 pass me the water please said he He asked him to pass her the water 5 直接引语如果是以 Let s 开头的祈使句 变为间接引语时 通常用 suggest 动名 词或从句 的结构 如 She said Let s go to the cinema She suggested going to the cinema 或 She suggested that they should go to the cinema 现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作 谓语通常为瞬间动词 如 come go arrive leave start return stay meet get等 这些动词的进行时后不能 再接具体的时间 1 用现在进行时表示将来 指的是近期的 按计划或安排要发生的动作 2 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于 前者通常用瞬间动词 有时一 些常用动词也可以这样用如 do 如 go come start return get arrive等 而者通 常是持续性动词 He is reading a novel 他在看小说 The train is arriving soon 火车就要进站了 3 用现在进行时表示将来的时间 在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语 4 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于 前者表示的将来的动作往往 是可以改变的 而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情 因此往往 是不可改变或不可随便改变的 What are you doing next Friday 下星期五你们打算干什么 The plane takes off at 7 30 tonight 飞机今晚七点半起飞 限定性定限定性定语语从句从句 1 定义 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 被定语从句所修饰的名词或 代词叫先行词 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that which who 宾格whom 所有格whose 和关系副词where when 关系代词或关系 副词放在先行词和定语从句之间 起联系作用 同时又作定语从句的一个成份 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables 住在我的隔壁的人是卖菜的 在该句中the man 是先行词 who 是关系代词 引导定语从句who lives next to us 在定 语从句中 who 作主语 2 由关系代词who whom which that引导的限定性定语从句 1 如果先行词是人 则用关系代词who that 如果先行词是物 则用关系代词which that The number of people who that lost homes reached as many as 250 000 无 家可归的人多达万 It sounded like a train that was going under my house 它听起来就像是在我的房子下行驶的一列火车 2 关系代词who whom which that既起联系作用 引导定语从句 使之同它句 中的某个名词 代词发生关系 同时又充当定语从句的一个成份 如作从句中的 主语或宾语 当它们在从句中作宾语时 常可以省略 The boy who whom that we saw yesterday was John s brother 我们昨天见到的那个男孩是约翰的兄弟 The car which that my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake 我叔叔刚买的那辆汽车在地震上毁坏了 说明 关系代词whom用来指人 是宾格 常用在书面语中作定语从句的宾语 在口语 和非正式文体中 常用who that来代替whom或省略 如例句4 3 当关系代词that或which修饰事物 作介词宾语时 如果介词位于关系代词之前 则用which 不能省 而不用that The tool with which he is working is called a saw The tool that which he is working with is called a saw 他干活的那个工具叫锯子 不说 with that The factory in which his father used to work was closed last month the factory that which his father used to work in was closed last month 他父亲以前工作过的那家工厂上个月关闭了 说明 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在动词的后面 Is this the watch which that you are looking for这是你正在找的那块手表 吗 The babies whom that the nurses are looking after are very healthy 那些护 士正在照顾的宝宝们非常健康 定定语语从句从句 t th he e A At tt tr ri ib bu ut ti iv ve e C Cl la au us se e 1 描述特定时间的特征 由when或介词 which引导定语从句 This was the moment when at which Spielberg s career really took off 2 描述特定地点的特征 由where或介词 which引导定语从句 Chuck survives the air crash and lands on a deserted island where on w hich there are n