非限定性定语从句.doc

非限定性定语从句(2008-08-23 14:25:11) 转载标签： 英语杂谈在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：1)限制性定语从句：在意思上与先行词关系密切，不可去掉，否则主句意思含糊不清。书写时主句和从句之间不用逗号分开，翻译时，常可将定语从句译在所修饰的词前面。The train which has just left is for Beijing.This is the best film I have seen.2)非限制性定语从句：在意思上与先行词关系并不密切。只是对先行词作附加说明。即使删去从句，主句的意思仍然完整。书写时，常用逗号或破折号与主句分开，翻译时常可将定语从句译在所修饰的词前面。Wang Pings father, who is a manager, went to Shanghai on business.The earth is a ball, on which we live.In my room there is a sofa, where I sometimes lie down to rest.两者具体区别如下：1形式不同（前者有逗号，后者没有逗号连接）In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.2作用不同（前者修饰先行词，后者补充说明）The earth is a ball, on which we live.3关系代词不同（在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系代词that, 指人时，用who, whom, 指物时，用which。 that/why不用于后者）4.翻译不同（前者：从句翻译在先行词之前，后者：从句与先行词分开）He is the man whose car was stolen 他就是那个丢车的人Ive invited Jim,who lives in the countryside 我看望了吉姆，他住在农村。5先行词不同（前者先行词为名词/代词；后者先行词可为代词，也可为短语，句子，若为专有有名词或独一无二的普通名词，则也可用后者）The man who robbed the bank has been caughtHe changed his mind,which made me angryHer father,who has a lot of money,wishes her to study abroad.6含义不同I have a sister who is a docter 我有个当医生的姐姐（姐姐不止一个）I have a sister, who is a docter 我有个姐姐，是当医生的。（只有一个姐姐）as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。He was a foreigner, as / which I knew from his accent.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： as, which 都可引导非限定定语从句，代替整个主句的意思。但as 引导的从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。而which 引导的从句，只能放在主句后。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as 有“正如”， “就象”之意，而which 则没有。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.As we all know, he studies very hard.(3） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。难点：1As 的用法1）. as 作为关系代词引导定语从句时，常用在such 或same 之后。the same as；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。I have got into the same trouble as he (has).Such stamps as you have collected are very valuable.They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.注意：在same 之后，也可接that 引导定语从句，但含义不同。This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支笔)This is the same pen as I used yesterday. (不是同一支笔，两者相似)2”The way” 后的定语多句只用that/in which引导，具引导词可省略I dont like the way (that/in which )he spoke to me3. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。one of +复数名词+定语从句时，The only (very/last)one of +复数名词+定语从句时，从句谓语用单数。He is one of the boys who have gone abroad for further studyHe is one of the only boys who has gone abroad for further study举一反三He has invited me to the dinner, which is very kind of him.He pretended not to see me, which made me very angry.Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a student.典型例题分析1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. he答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it答案B.练习题1. This is all_ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else_ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written7. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _ he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where8. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it9. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong10. The scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admired by us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose11. Which of the books _ were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whose12. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C .in front of which D. in front which13. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League. A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which14. The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom15. Jeanne was her old friend, _ she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom16. His glasses, _he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that17. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom18. He built a telescope _ he could study the skies. A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it19. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. that B. which C. for what D. for which20. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them21. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed in 1945. A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which22. China has many rivers, _the Changjiang River is the longest. A. which B. in which C .among which D. one of which23. This is the very knife _ I used to cut apples ye