高中语法 状语从句.doc

状语从句（1）的回顾一、时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), notuntil, since, once, as soon as, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely, barely) when, every time (each time), the moment, the first time (the last time), by the time,等引导。1. whenE.g. When he comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. (at that time)Henry is in charge of the office when Mr. Smith is away. (during the time that)2. whileE.g. While he was walking in the street, he met Tim. (分词短语） - While walking in the street, he met Tim. - Walking in the street, he met Tom. He learned to speak English while he was here. I like tea while she likes coffee.3. asE.g. As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily. (一边.一边） She sang as she worked. (随着)辨析：when, while, as表“当.时”相同点：当从句的谓语是延续性动词时，三者常可互换E.g. When/While/As we were still laughing, the teacher came in.不同点：1) when既表“时间段”又表“时间 点”(=during or at the time that),从句中动词既可是终止性的，也可是持续性的，还可表“正在这时”E.g. When I arrived there, they were watching TV.When I was young, I liked singing and dancing.We were about to go to town when it began to rain. 2) while只表“时间段”(=during the time that),从句中动词只限于持续性动词，它有时含对照之意，表“然而”E.g. He fell asleep while he was studying his grammar book. I was reading while he was playing.3) as用法与when相似，但它侧重动作的同时性，表“一边.一边.”，还表“随着”E.g. They talked as they walked.As time goes by, we get wiser. 4. before：“就”，“不到就”，“才”，“趁，还没来得及”，before从句中谓语一般不用否定形式E.g. He made a list of what he wanted to buy before he went to the supermarket. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.We had not run a mile before he felt tired.Please write it down before you forget it.It will be +一段时间+before somebody does,“多久之后才”。 E.g. It will be long before you master it. It wont be long before you master it. 5. afterE.g. After he (had) finished his work, he left there. =After finishing his work, he left here.(=Having finished his work, he left here.)6. sinceE.g. I have known him ever since he was a boy. He had worked here since he had graduated from the university.It is (has been)two years since he came here.It was(had been) two years sincehe had come here.7. until (till), not until1) 肯定句：主句谓语动词必需是延续性动词，主句从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间才停止”。 E.g. He remained there until she arrived. You may stay here until the rain stops.2) 否定句：主句谓语动词必需是非延续性动词，从句是肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。 E.g. He will not go to bed till (until) she returns. 3) till不可以放在句首，而until可以放在句首。 E.g. Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4) not until句型中的强调和倒装说法。 E.g. It was not until his mother came home that he went to bed.(强调结构)Not until his mother came home didhe go to bed. (倒装句）8. as soon as, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely, barely) when这些从属连词或副词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 no sooner与hardly (scarcely, barely)引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 E.g. As soon as she got home, she began to cook. No sooner had she got home than she began to cook. Hardly had she got home when she began to cook.9. every time, each time, the momentE.g. Every time/each time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.There was an applause the moment (as soon as) she appeared on the stage.10. by the timeE.g. By the time he arrived, the train had already gone.By the time he comes, we will already have left.练习：1. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity he reaches the end of the story . A. when B. unless C. after D. until2. He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder Aas B. until C. while D. when3. I didnt manage to do it _ you had explained.A. until B. unless C. when D. before4. -What was the party like? -Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since5. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 6. _the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. A. Your having read B. While reading C. If reading D. When you read7. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem _ they themselves couldnt A. once B. then C. while D. if 8. He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got9. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time10. -Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? -Yes. I gave it to her_ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once二、原因状语从句表示原因的状语从句可由because, since, now that, as, for, in that等引导。1. since, asE.g. Since you do not understand, I will explain again. As Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.2. for, becauseE.g. - He must be ill, for he is absent today. -Because he is absent today, he must be ill. -He must be ill because he is absent today.3. 辨析：because, as, since, for1) because用来回答why 的问题,语气最强,一般放在主句之后E.g. I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.2) since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首E.g. Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.3) as从句常放在句首,说明原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中。 E.g. As he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.4) for 从句不能放在句首,for前有逗号,语气类似于because,主句中常有猜测语气情态动词.E.g. He must be ill, for he is absent from the meeting. 练习：1. We had better hurry_ its getting dark. A. and B. but C. as D. unless2. Jane wore a raincoat _ it was raining. A. so B. but C. however D. because3. _ you have seen both fighters. _ will win? A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who (do you think) 4. _ everybody knows about it, I dont want to talk any more. A. For B. Even C. Since D. However5. _the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.A.As B. For C. Because D. Since that三、地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where 在地方，Wherever 无论哪里E.g. Put the medicine where you can easily get it. Where there is a will, there is a way. He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.与定语从句的区别E.g. We shall go where working conditions are difficult.We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.练习：1. Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it. A. there B. where C. wherev