芝加哥论文格式.ppt

ChicagoManualStyle 芝加哥论文格式 总体介绍 论文格式的三大流行范式 关于英文学界论文的格式 目前被国际学术界广泛接受的主要有三种 芝加哥论文格式 ChicagoManualStyle CMS 美国心理学会论文格式 AmericanPsychologicalAssociation APA 现代语言学会论文格式 ModernLanguageAssociation MLA 历史渊源 CMS论文格式源于芝加哥大学出版社在1906年出版的ManualStyle 经过100多年的增补 修订 CMS确立了学术论文写作格式的权威地位 TheChicagoManualofStyle目前已出至第十五版 书中的 格式指南 部分详细说明撰写论文时需要注意的细节 包括标点符号 人名和数字的写法 缩写 以及注释和书目的编制方法等 是撰写论文时 编写注释和参考书目之必要参考 Thissectionprovidesnoteformsforawiderangeofsources frombooksandarticlestoelectronicmedia basedonTheChicagoManualofStyle 15thedition 2003 Becausetypesofsourcesareproliferatingrapidly youmayuseonethatisnotmentionedhere Inthiscase youshouldlookattheclosestalternativeandconstructyourownentryaccordingtothebasicprinciplesofChicagoManualformat FootnotesandEndnotes脚注和尾注 Thecitationofasourceinthenote bibliographysystemisindicatedinthetextwithasuperscript raised number whichreferstoanoteprovidinginformationaboutthesource Thenotes Whentheyappearatthebottomofthepage footnotes Whentheyarecollectedinasectionattheendofeachchapterorattheendoftheentirepaper endnotes DesignationofNotesintheText Anoteisindicatedinthetextbyaraisedarabicnumeral Thesuperscriptnumbershouldberaiseone halfspace notafullspace abovethelineandshouldbeplaceddirectlyafterthematerial withoutaspace towhichthenoterefers Thebestplacementofthenumberisattheendofasentence Thenumberfollowsallpunctuationexceptthedash anditshouldnotbeitalicized circled orfollowedbyaperiod Thefollowingexamplesdemonstratecorrectandincorrectplacementofsuperscriptnumbers RobertHeilbronerexplainsthat theprofitmotiveasweknowitisonlyasoldas modernman 1 RobertHeilbronerexplainsthat theprofitmotiveasweknowitisonlyasoldas modernman 1 RobertHeilbroner1explainsthat theprofitmotiveasweknowitisonlyasoldas modernman Theprofitmotiveasweknowitisonlyasoldas modernman accordingtoRobertHeilbroner 1 Theprofitmotiveasweknowitisonlyasoldas modernman 1ancientcivilizationswouldhavefoundthisprinciplealien Theprofitmotiveasweknowitisonlyasoldas modernman 1 ancientcivilizationswouldhavefoundthisprinciplealien Theprofitmotiveasweknowitisonlyasoldas modernman 1ancientcivilizationswouldhavefoundthisprinciplealien Bothfootnotesandendnotesareusuallynumberedconsecutivelywithinachapter startingwithnumberoneineachnewchapter Someinstitutions however recommendnumberingnotesthroughouttheentirethesis example FirstReferenceandSubsequentReference首次引用和后续引用 Thefirsttimeyouciteasourceinthenotes giveacompleteentryinthecorrectformatforthebibliographicalstyleyouareusingthroughoutthepaper Forabook Acompleteentryincludesthefollowinginformation ifapplicable completenameoftheauthor titleofthebook nameoftheeditor compiler ortranslator edition otherthanfirst numberofvolumesortheindividualvolumenumber seriesandnumber cityandstateofpublication publisher dateofpublication pagenumber s LeonardShatzkin InColdType OvercomingtheBookCrisis Boston Houghton 1982 45 completenameoftheauthor titleofthebook cityandstateofpublication dateofpublication pagenumber s BenjaminWoolley VirtualWorlds AJourneyinHypeandHyperreality Cambridge Blackwell 1992 100 A B C D FirstReferenceandSubsequentReference首次引用和后续引用 Thefirsttimeyouciteasourceinthenotes giveacompleteentryinthecorrectformatforthebibliographicalstyleyouareusingthroughoutthepaper Foraarticleinaperiodical Acompleteentryincludesthefollowinginformation ifapplicable completenameoftheauthor ifprovided titleofthearticle nameoftheperiodical volumeandnumberoftheissue date pagenumber s C E Nwezeh TheComparativeApproachtoModernAfricanLiterature YearbookofGeneralandComparativeLiterature no 28 1979 22 completenameoftheauthor ifprovided titleofthearticle nameoftheperiodical numberoftheissue date pagenumber s Afterthefirstcompletereferencenote useashortenedformatforsubsequentreferencestothesamework Inmostcases thelastnameoftheauthorandthepagenumberservetoidentifythework Subsequentreferencenotesshouldprovideenoughinformationtoallowthereadertolocatetheoriginalnoteorthebibliographyentry buttheyshouldbenolongerthannecessary SubsequentReference后续引用 LeonardShatzkin InColdType OvercomingtheBookCrisis Boston Houghton 1982 45 Shatzkin 45 Whenmorethanoneworkbyanauthoriscited eachsubsequentreferencemustincludenotonlythenameoftheauthor butalsothetitleofthearticleorbook shortenedwhenthetitleislong 后续引用中的一人多著作 首次引用文献 VaclavHavel KeepingtheFaith SummerMeditations NewYork Knopf 1990 15 VaclavHavel LivinginTruth NewYork Knopf 1987 43 后续引用 Havel KeepingtheFaith 43 Havel LivinginTruth 72 Foraworkwithmultipleauthors givethelastnamesofuptothreeauthors Whenaworkhasfourormoreauthors givethenameofthefirstauthorfollowedbyetal 后续引用中的多人合著 首次引用文献 CleanthBrooksandRobertPennWarren ModernRhetoric 4thed NewYork Harcourt 1979 56 后续引用 BrooksandWarren 89 Laueretal 80 JaniceM Laueretal FourWorldsofWriting NewYork Harper 1981 77 Whenyouhavemorethanoneauthorwiththesamelastname includefirstnamesorinitialsinsubsequentreferences 同姓作者 首次引用文献 HelenC White TheMysticismofWilliamBlake NewYork Russell 1964 75 后续引用 HelenC White 77 E B White 95 E B White Charlotte sWeb NewYork Harper 1952 67 Someworkshavethenameofaneditor compiler ortranslatorinplaceofthenameofanauthor Insubsequentreferences youshouldlistthenameornamesoftheeditor compiler ortranslatorwithouttheaccompanyingabbreviation ed comp ortrans whichshouldappearinthebibliography 仅署编者或译者名的著作 首次引用文献 后续引用 Brandon 17 HenryBrandon ed InSearchofaNewWorldOrder ThefutureofU S EuropeanRelations Washington DC Brookings 1992 231 Ifamultivolumeworkhasonegeneraltitle eachsubsequentcitationmustincludethevolumenumber 多卷本著作 首次引用文献 后续引用 Rad 1 76 GerhardvonRad OldTestamentTheology trans D M G Stalker 2vols NewYork Harper 1962 65 Thiscitationreferstomaterialinvolume1 onpage76 Magazines 月刊文章基本形式 附署名 DanielKleppner AboutBenjaminThompson PhysicsToday September1992 9 周刊文章基本形式 TheBardofBetrayal ObserverMagazine September27 1992 44 46 p178 Newspapers 基本形式 PamelaMercer U SVentureBetsonColombianCoal NewYorkTimes July27 1995 D7 社论 PotomacYardDecision