【新标准大学英语-综合教程2】02-1教师版1.doc

【新标准大学英语-综合教程2】南京师大编 02-1课堂版Unit 2 Mixed FeelingsActive Reading 1 How Empathy Unfolds同感是怎样表露的Starting point1. Questions: What are the seven emotions and the six sensory pleasures七情六欲?l the seven emotions七情joy, anger, sorrow,fear, love, hate and desire喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、恶、欲l the six sensory pleasures六欲visual, audio, olfactory, gustatory, tactile and mental pleasures见欲（视觉）、听欲（听觉）、香欲（嗅觉）、味欲（味觉）、触欲（触觉）、意欲2. Words and expressions describing different emotional peoplel be impetuousl act on impulsel easily get excitedl cynicall be always grumblingsentimentalrational3. Discussion: Are you an emotional person?l what an emotional person is likel the earliest emotions you can remember in your lifel one of the emotions you felt last time (happy, angry, shy, sad, depressed, frightened, annoyed, upset) ?VocabularyPar.English ExpressionChinese Translation11. tears well up 泪水涌出2. teddy bear玩具熊3. security blanket安乐毯4. small acts of sympathy and caring表示同情和关爱的细微举动5. incidents of empathy in action同感行为/同感举动6. be traced to追溯到7. the earliest precursor o f empathy最初先兆28. developmental psychologist成长心理学家9. sympathetic distress同情的苦恼10. exist apart from other people独立于其他人而存在11. react to a disturbance in others对别人的烦躁不安做出反应12. seem confused over似乎感到不知所措13. on doing sth.一做.314. motor mimicry运动神经模仿15. stem from源自16. a physical imitation of another persons distress 对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿17. evoke the same feelings引起相同的感受18. be distinct from与有区别19. the general plight of another他人的一般困境420. a typical incident一个典型事例521. whimper to oneself带着哭腔低声自言自语22. stroke ones hair抚摸头发23. pull away躲开624. diverge from one another in在各有不同25. overall sentivity to sth.对的总体敏感度26. keenl aware感同身受27. tune out不予理睬28. discipline ones children调教子女/教养子女29. call sb.s strong attention to让特别注意到30. shape childrens empathy影响儿童的同感心31. develop a repertoire of empathic response培养出一套同感反应行为empathy, apathy, antipathy, sympathy, pathos1. empathyn. the ability to understand other peoples feelings and problems; the ability to share another persons feelings and emotions as if they were your own.have empathy with/for sb.Having begun my life in a childrens home I have great empathy with the little ones.2. sympathy3. antipathya feeling of strong dislike towards someone or something synonym hostilityantipathy to/towards a growing antipathy towards the government4. pathos n.the quality that a person, situation, film, or play has that makes you feel pity and sadness; aquality, as of an experience or a work of art, that arouses feelings of pity, sympathy, tenderness, or sorrow（演讲、文章中的）怜悯，同情，哀婉，凄楚 the pathos of the woman trying to keep her lover5. apathythe feeling of not being interested in something, and not willing to make any effort to change or improve things: The campaign failed because of public apathy.infancydisturbancetraceTo follow the course or trail of:跟踪：跟随的道路或足迹：trace a wounded deer; tracing missing persons.跟踪一头受伤的鹿；追寻失踪者To ascertain the successive stages in the development or progress of:追溯，探索：确定在的发展或进程中的各个连续阶段：tracing the life cycle of an insect; trace the history of a family.探索一昆虫的生命周期；追溯一家族的历史To locate or discover by searching or researching evidence:查出：通过寻找或研究证据确定或发现：trace the cause of a disease.查出一疾病的原因dateTo have origin in a particular time in the past:源自：有过去特定时间的起源：This statue dates from 500b.c. 这座雕像可以追溯到公元前 500年evokeTo call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting:使人想起，使人产生：通过名字、引用或暗示使想起：songs that evoke old memories.divergeTo differ, as in opinion or manner.分歧，相异，如在观点或行为上disciplineTo train by instruction and practice, especially to teach self-control to.训练，调教：通过教学和实践训练，尤指学会自我克制To teach to obey rules or accept authority.See Synonyms at teach 使遵守准则，使服从权威参见 teachTo punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience.See Synonyms at punish 惩罚，处罚：为了控制或胁迫他人遵从而惩罚参见 punishstem fromTo have or take origin or descent.起源于：由发生，起源或源于Correct decisions stem from correct judgements.正确的决心来源于正确的判断。pull awawTo move away or backward; withdraw:后退，离开，抽出：移开或向后移；撤退：The limousine pulled away from the curb.轿车驶离了路边tune outSlang 【俚语】To disassociate oneself from ones environment:隔绝：与自己周围的环境隔：“The average reader, used to seeing the world in three-dimensional color, tunes out”(Carlin Romano)“那些习惯于以三维色彩观察世界的普通读者与环境隔绝”(卡林罗马诺)To become unresponsive to; ignore:不注意；忽略：tuned out the childrens screaming.对于孩子们的尖叫不予理睬be confused overconfused about If youre confused about anything, phone me. I People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.well upTo rise to the surface, ready to flow:涌上：升到表面，准备流出：Tears welled in my eyes.热泪涌上我的眼眶To rise or surge from an inner source:流出，溢出：从内部升起来或涌出：Anger welled up in me.愤怒在我心中产生Text How Empathy Unfolds同感是怎样表露的Paragraph 1The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. 这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。Paragraph 2Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people.Paragraph 3Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. 这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始字面含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。Titcheners theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. 铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿；这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. 他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。Paragraph 4Motor mimicry fades from toddlers repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone elses pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them. 小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。Paragraph 5Paragraph 6At this point in their development toddlers begin to diverge from one another in their overall sensitivity to other peoples emotional upsets, with some, like Jenny, keenly aware and others tuning out. 在这个年龄，幼儿对于他人感情波动的总体敏感度开始有所不同，有些像珍妮一样，感同身受，有些则不予理睬。Patterns for imitation1. The moment sb. does sth.The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt.2. On doing sth.On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears.Language points1. Michael retrieved Pauls security blanket for him. (Para 1)A security blanket is a blanket which a baby or small child uses for comfort; some children feel more secure when they hold such a special blanket, because the blanket is familiar and has a comforting feel or smell. Some parents tend to give the baby a toy or a thing that is associated with comfort when the baby is in distress. For example, in the West some parents use a dummy (a plastic or rubber object for baby to suck) to comfort babies even though some doctors advise against using a dummy because it may have a long-term negative effect.2Motor mimicry fades from toddlers repertoire . (Para 4)Young children imitate the actions of those in pain or distress, apparently as a way to feel and understand it in a kind of empathy. This imitation (mimicry or copying) of others, movements and actions gradually becomes less in the range of these young childrens ways of behaving.3At this point in their development toddlers begin to diverge from one another in their overall sensitivity to other peoples emotional upsets, with some, like Jenny, keenly aware and others tuning out (Para 6)At around the age of two and a half some children become aware of other peoples emotions of sadness, worry or anger, while others stop paying attention to similar emotions: In this way the children start to develop in separate directions regarding how they are sensitive to others, emotions. Tune out means to stop listening to something or someone, ie to ignore the sound and not