英语中长句、难句的理解--公开课.doc

英语中长句、难句的理解阅读中常见的普遍语言现象：一、倒装 二、省略 三、插入 四、短语 五、 并列 六、从句一、倒装：vNever has he been rude to others. I do doubt the truth of it.v Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story o f Amstrongs struggle against disease.(unit1)vWhen they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.(unit9)vDown flowed the brown cascade.(unit10)v常见倒装结构vOnly 放句首修饰其后的状语vSothat 结构中的so 放句首vNot until 出现在句首v否定词出现在句首：never, hardly, seldom, neither, nor, no sooner, not only等。v副词放句首: out, in, up, down, here, there等二、省略：vI wont go to the party even though invited to.v She didnt know what made him so happy, but I knew quite well. It was taking the first place in the competition.vNothing important. Just that Im going to lose this new job.vHe visited a lot of museums while in London.三、插入：插入语和分隔结构插入语:In China, as in other countries, the government realises that future welfare of its citizens is closely linked to education.(unit12)vThis , in my opinion, is only one of the big problems. vWho do you believe the teacher had take down the picture?例如do you believe/suppose/think; in fact; however; for one thing;分隔结构:He told us that Mr. Li, the headmaster of the university, would give us a speech on how to grow up.vIn 1996 Armstrong, the then No 1 cyclist in the world, was diagnosed with cancer and many thought that it meant the end of his career, maybe even his life.(unit1) vThe fact surprised everyone at present that Japan said the island belonged to it. 四、短语：1、动名词短语2、现在分词短语3、不定式短语4、过去分词短语5、介词短语6、独立结构1、动名词短语vHe insists on the plan being carried out.vLearning a language is obviously more than just memorising words, phrases and structures. (unit8)vKnowing other peoples shortcomings can help us avoid embarrassing them.(unit11)2、现在分词短语vThe man standing by the windows is our teacher.vHaving been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.vWorking in a team, we have to take into account how each individual member works best.3、不定式短语vIt was not easy to decide what to take and what to leave behind.(unit6)vTo make the best use of working with our classmates, it is important to recognise their strengths and weakness. (unit11)vTo know someones personality type and ability is to know a great deal about that person.(unit11)4、过去分词短语vThe earliest Asian cultural relic found in Africa also dates from this period.(unit2)vHe found 13kinds of finches, related to each other in the structure o f their beaks,tails, shape of body and colour of their feathers.(unit4)vHe showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.(unit4)5、介词短语vWe had to travel about ninety miles without water or grass for the animals to eat. (unit6)vWith grater control and a stronger sense of achievement, active learners are able to acquire new skills faster and put what they know to better use. (unit8)vWith that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company.(unit 10)6、独立结构:vTime permitting, I will finish another lesson.vIt being Sunday, rather than stay at home, I preferred to travel.五、并列You can learn that the oldest person is a woman who lived to be 122years and 164 days, that the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 meters and that the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 meters long. (unit1)I feel both proud and concerned about this, proud because America is indeed a great land, and concerned because China, too, is a great land. 并列平行结构中的关联词： and, or, but, not onlybut also, bothand, eitheror, neithernor等六、从句：1、从句充当成分2、从句中又含从句1、从句充当成分主语从句/表语从句/宾语从句/同位语从句/定语从句/状语从句主语从句What is perhaps the most valuable is what you learn yourself and your own culture.(unit8)How people are distributed can also affect the education system.(unit12)表语从句However, that was not what she had in mind.(unit11)China is no longer what it used to be.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.宾语从句The Guinness company hired two Englishmen to write what later became the Guinness Book of World Records.(unit1)Group work shows us how other peoples roles fit the purpose of the group.(unit11)同位语从句They had no idea what they were up against.A series of programmes and the development of local and nationwide health care networks are signs that the government is serious about health care.(unit9)定语从句Fruit and vegetables are grown in areas where there is enough water.(unit3)The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems.(unit3)There are many kinds of birds in Australia, and over 140 species of snakes, many of which are extremely dangerous.(unit 3)Sports teams are made up of a certain number of players, whose common goal is to work together to win a match.(unit11)状语从句Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians. If I hear another word from you, you will go where it is really cold.(unit7)No matter how hard you try, working towards a career for which you are not suitable is not going to get you there.(unit11)2、从句中又含从句Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things, such as walking or solving problems, and that what we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt, not a language-specific part of the brain.(unit8)阅读中常见的特殊语言现象：1、虚拟语气2、标点符号3、It 句子4、否定句1、 虚拟语气：Most exchange students say that they feel as if they were truly part of their host families and that they will always stay in touch. (unit8) If I had had insurance, the sickness wouldt have cause such a big problem.(unit9)2、 标点符号：The other stars on the flag represent the Southern Crossa group of stars in the southern sky that can be used to find the South Pole.(unit3)Ads are found almost everywherethey are broadcast on TV and over the radio, posted on the Internet and printed in newspapers and on posters in our cities. (unit5)Some people find ads useful and entertaining; others think that they are annoying. (unit5)Company or product names can have different functions: they can tell the consumer about the advantages of the product or company.(unit5)By the middle of October we set off for our journey across the continent: a journey of about a year, across more than 2,500 miles.(unit6)Passing through the desert, we came out into the Salt Lake Valley, which looked beautiful to us. (unit6)The owners had left everythingand hurried on to save themselves. (unit6)3、It 句子It was the British government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition.(unit4)But it was not until after the war that he made his most important discovery.(unit9)Is it time that is most needed?When a fire fighter is killed, it is usually because the fire has been burning a long time, causing a wall collapse（倒塌）while the fire is being fought.It 表指代、强调，有时无意义，起平衡句子的作用。在句子中作形式宾语或主语或约定结构。Its said/ reported/ believed/ supposed/ announced/ thought/ told/that; Its (high) time that; Its the first/second/thirdtime that等。3、 否定句All teachers of English are not experienced teachers.No one can do it better than Peter.It was long since I had last seen her, and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I would have recognized her. We were not the least surprised at Alfreds being dismissed. The question is not nearly so easy as you think.练习：Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then travelled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa.(unit2)The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited Chinas curiosity about Africa that Zheng He sent a message to the king and to other African states, inviting them to send ambassadors and open embassies in the Ming capital, Beijing.All that was left to be conquered was the “ third pole”, the highest mountain on earth, Mount Qomolangma.In area it is approximately the same size as the USA(without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people .(unit3)Showing how plants were related was a complex and strange thing before Linnaeus developed his system.(unit4)The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred to as “English air”.(unit2)On the other hand, critics sometimes accuse companies of using ads to mislead us by making us believe that a certain product is better than it really is or that we will be happier if we buy it. (unit5)Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, often makes it cheaper.(unit5)Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a companys profits.(unit5)Good advertisements make it possible for companies to introduce new products and increase sales.(unit5)If, on the other hand, we learn to analyses ads, we may be able to protect ourselves from false advertisements and make good choices.(unit5)A good ad often uses words to which people attach positive meanings.(unit5)I carried my younger son, who was only four, most of they way.(unit6)If untreated, it would produce a powerful poison that would kill the patient.(unit6)Many thousands are in want of basic needs; hundreds of thousands are in want of basic comforts. (unit7)Not all of us want to be translators or interpreters. (unit8) After 1953 several hundred people have succeeded in climbing the mountain, some to be the first of their nation and many in attempts to climb the mountain over different slope.(unit2)It was not until the World War Two that the importance of Flemings discovery was fully recognised.(unit9)A