听力教程3(张民伦主编 第二版)听力原文精心排版unite6-10.doc

Unite6-10Unit 6Part1Presenter: Today Selina Kahn is in the arrival area at Gatwick Airport checking out todays topic national stereotypes. Selina . Selina: Thanks, John. I have with me Eric, whos just flown in with Virgin Atlantic from the USA. Eric: Thats right. Ive just come back from New York. Selina: Is it as dangerous as they say? Eric: No, New York isnt dangerous, no more than any other big city, especially if youre careful and dont advertise the fact that youre a tourist. Selina: And is it true what they say about New Yorkers, that theyre rude, and that they only care about themselves? Eric: Well, I found the people were very friendly. However, they do have a reputation for not caring about other people. I think the reason for this is that life in New York is incredibly stressful. People just dont have the time to think about anybody else. It isnt that they dont care. Selina: Is there anything else you noticed about New Yorkers? Eric: Two things I had heard about before I went to New York did seem to be true, though. First is that they are always talking about money and how much things cost. Secondly, its that people eat all the time as they go about their daily lives, you know they graze on the hoof as they walk about the streets. Selina: Thanks Eric, and now I have with me, Sue, whos been to the south of France . Part2 New Zealand is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean about 1 200 miles southeast of Australia. It has about 2 575 000 people. Two thirds live on the North Islands, and one third on the larger South Island. Most of them are of British descent. Almost everyone in New Zealand knows how to read and write. The government provides free education for children from ages 3 to 19. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 15, but most enter school by the age of 5. Young children who live far from schools belong to the Government Correspondence School and listen to daily school broadcasts on the radio. New Zealanders enjoy one of the highest standards of living in the world. There are no people of great wealth, but poverty is practically unknown. The majority of families live in one-story wooden homes. Most families have an automobile, and many have modern home appliances. Because the country is a major producer of sheep and dairy products, meat and butter form a larger share of the diet than is common in other countries. The people are among the worlds greatest tea drinkers. Many of the books, magazines, and movies in New Zealand come from the United Kingdom or the United States. But the number of books published in the country is growing rapidly. Musical and theatrical groups come from Europe and North America to perform. The larger cities have radio and television stations. The National Symphony Orchestra gives concerts throughout the country, and there are also opera and ballet companies. New Zealanders enjoy the outdoors, and people of all ages take part in sports. Favorite holiday activities are camping, boating, hunting and fishing. Horse racing draws large crowds to racetracks. Rugby football is a national game. Other team sports are soccer, cricket, basketball, and field hockey. Statements: 1. New Zealand is about 1 400 miles from Australia. 2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand. 3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin. 4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of 5. 5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars. 6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part3Paul comes from Jamaica. Interviewer: What do you think of English food? Paul: English food right now, I can enjoy it, but when I first came up from the West Indies, I found it rather distasteful, rather boring, no flavor, no taste. Interviewer: What do you think of the English weather? Paul: The English weather I do not think there are enough adjectives to describe (it) miserable, cold, damp, changeable, depressing. I think bleak is the best word. Interviewer: Now what do you think about English people and their way of life? Paul: The older generation of English people are really snobbish the snob-nosed English. But the youth of England today theyre really alive, you know, theyre more vibrant, on fire, alive. They are much more free than their parents, crazy! Cindy comes from Los Angeles. Interviewer: What do you think of the English weather? Cindy: Well, its rather cloudy and depressing. I get tired of all these sunny intervals. Theres not enough sunshine. Other than that, its all right. Its not too cold, nor too warm. Interviewer: And have you had much opportunity to eat English food? Cindy: Yes, I avoid it, because its dull. I think its dull. And I think the English eat a lot of sweets and greasy food like chips. Interviewer: And what about the English way of life? What do you think of that?Cindy: Well, its certainly more relaxed, but I think that the English people are tend to be difficult to get to know. Theyre reserved. The cities are safer and I also think theyre much cleaner than the American cities, which makes it much more pleasant to live there. Usha comes from Madras, in India. Interviewer: Would you like to tell me what you think of the English weather? Usha: Well, the English weather is very changeable, but its OK. Well, I like spring and autumn best. I think they are the loveliest time of the year. Interviewer: And what about English food? What do you think of that? Usha: Well, English food is healthy. But I wouldnt like to have it every day. Its rather I wouldnt say dull but too bland for my taste. Interviewer: And what about English people? How have you found them? Usha: Well, in the beginning, they are rather reserved, but once you get to know them, they are very friendly, and Ive got many English friends now in England. Interviewer: And how have you found the English way of life? Usha: Well, city life is fast of course everywhere, but I like the countryside very much. I like it very much, yes.Spiro comes from Salonika, in Greece. Interviewer: Youve lived in England for about seven years. What do you think of English weather? Spiro: Well, I think the English winter is very depressing at times, especially when it drizzles all the time, and also the other thing that makes it depressing is the long nights. It gets dark very early and you wake up and its pitch black again, and so you go to work and its very dark and you come home and its dark again. But in the summer, I think, when the suns shining, its very pleasant indeed, with green parks, trees, very pleasant. Interviewer: And what about English food? What do you think of that? Spiro: Well, I think its English food is all right, but theres a very limited selection of dishes. Its mostly roast and offhand theres only about five typically English dishes I can think of, whereas compare that to Greek food, theres an enormous selection of dishes one could cook. Interviewer: And what do you think of the English people? Spiro: I find them very reserved, but it seems that when you get to know them, theyre quite friendly and sincere. But it usually takes some time to actually open an English person up if you like. Interviewer: And what do you think of the English way of life? Spiro: Pretty awful, actually. Its the speed of life really that I find rather tiring. Part4 When the Russian discovered Alaska in 1741, they found it occupied by three groups of native peoples Eskimos, Aleuts, and Indians. Descendants of these natives still live in Alaska. Most scientists think that the native peoples migrated originally from Asia to North America, not all at once but in wave after wave over thousands of years. Probably the last to enter Alaska were the ancestors of the northern Eskimos. Eskimos Of the different groups of native peoples, the Eskimos are the most numerous. From earliest times the Eskimos depended upon sea mammals, fish, and caribou for their living. In the 1890s reindeer were brought from Siberia to start herds as an additional means of livelihood. Many Eskimos now live in frame houses heated by fuel oil, but they once lived in sod and driftwood huts heated by seal-oil lamps. They did not build snow igloos, as some of the Canadian Eskimos still do, except for emergency shelter. The Eskimos are superb hunters. They are an energetic people who have long been known for their ivory carving and other arts and crafts. Their way of life is changing as they find opportunities for schooling and for employment in trades and professions. Aleuts The Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula are the homelands of the Aleuts. The Aleut language is related to the language of the Eskimos, and yet it is very different. Like the Eskimos, the Aleuts have always depended on the sea for food and other needs. Some of the present-day Aleuts operate fishing boats. Others work in fish canneries. Many Aleuts have Russian names, which go back to the time of the Russian occupation of Alaska. Indians There are two major groups of Indians the Indians of the Interior Plateau and the Indians of Southeastern Alaska. The Indians who live in the interior came to Alaska from Canada. Originally they were hunters. Some of them still live by hunting, fishing, and trapping. Others have moved to towns, where they live and work as do other present-day Alaskans. The Indians of Southeastern Alaska are sometimes known as the maritime Indians, or Indians who live near the sea. They have been in Alaska for hundreds of years. Carving and basket making are among the crafts of the maritime Indians. They are known for their totem poles. From earliest times they depended on fish, especially salmon, for their living. Today they are efficient business people who operate commercial fishing boats and canneries. They also follow other occupations such as logging, shopkeeping, and working in government offices.Part5 Interviewer: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities like London? Expert: Ah! We should be a bit careful about saying people are moving out of London. Another way of looking at it is to say London itself is moving into the country. Interviewer: How do you mean? Expert: With improved transport and better living standards, people can actually afford to spread out far more than they did before and commute into town from greater distances. People can travel to work from distances that would have been inconceivable even 20 years ago. Interviewer: All the same, isnt there a drift away from the capital? Expert: Oh, certainly, but it shouldnt be exaggerated. Lots of people have got fed up with the dirt and the hassle and the higher levels of crime, and have moved to the country because its more peaceful and less stressful. And its true companies have moved out to escape high rents and office costs, particularly in the service industries like insurance. Interviewer: Are there any specific things which have allowed this to happen? Expert: One of the things which has given people more choice in where they live is the new technology. People can communicate with each other through computer networks from anywhere in the country and so work from home in the spare bedroom. Interviewer: And how has business coped with this kind of change? Expert: Well, to give you one example, a company selling office equipment took the brave step of closing down its London office and allowing its ex-employees, its sales people, to set up businesses on their own account from home but using the old company just as their supplier. What happened was that turnover increased dramatically, doubled in fact and everyone was happy. And in this case the new technology was crucial for fast and efficient ordering. Interviewer: Finally, what about the impact of this trend on agriculture? Assuming that people are moving into the country, doesnt this mean that there is less land to farm? Expert: Yes, indeed. And theres no doubt that were losing fields for housing. But this doesnt matter too much as we have in recent times been overproducing and also yields from the land have increased with modern, scientific farming methods. So whats happening is that we are getting more from less. Unit 7Part11. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and they dont care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustnt be afraid of making mistakes.2. Im a very shy person and its not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. Thats what I did and it really helped me. 3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and dont take yourself too seriously. Youll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes. 4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened to lectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didnt have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting about the grammar and thinking about the meaning instead. 5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time, a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard. 6. Try to read as much as you can. I think thats the best way to improve your English and to learn more new words. I always try to read something in English every day. Part2The topic Id like to deal with this morning is what makes a good language learner. This is an eternal problem, and one to which theres no real solution. I would however like you to think about the situation of learners outside the classroom because in many ways it would be true to say that there are more people in the world who speak a foreign language or a second language who didnt learn it in a classroom than there are who did and I think this awareness of the success of out-of-classroom learning provides us with a key to how in-classroom learning can be successful. Let us look then at the characteristics of a good language learner. I think motivation is certainly going to be very high on our list. Obviously there are different kinds of motivation; there is what we call instrumental motivation, this is the kind of motivation which in theory persuades a school pupil to learn a language in order to pass an examination its external motivation, something which is imposed on the learner. The opposite of this is integrative motivation, the kind of motivation which gets an immigrant in a country or someone whos married to a speaker of another language to master the tongue much more rapidly than someone learning in a classroom. Arguably most people possess mixed motivation although it would appear from research that integrative motivation does give much better results, certainly as far as speed of learning goes. Personality is obviously another major factor to be borne in mind not necessarily, Im not necessarily saying that you need er how shall I say? extroverts to learn a foreign language, but someone who has the confidence to make mistakes is always going to learn much more quickly than someone who is afraid to experiment. Intelligence isnt a factor, I feel, in language learning I would prefer to use the term learning skills. Learning skills are those abilities which make one person progress at a much faster speed than the others; they include having a good ear, efficient revision, being able to monitor your own speech, suitable organization of learning generally. However, if we go back to our starting point, which was the great, the much greater number of speakers of languages who have learnt outside classrooms I think it gives us the key to what I believe is the most important factor, and thats independence. A learner who frees him or herself from the tyranny of the teacher and the classroom and who makes use of twenty-four hours a day for learning, who, in a word, accepts responsibility for learning, is always going to be not just a good language learner but the best. Conversely, someone who wont accept this responsibility is always going to remain at what we call a plateau theyve failed to make progress and blame their teachers. In reality it is themselves that they should blame. Part3Section I As far as Im concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I dont mean that Im a sort of snob, and only like people with posh accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until Ive been able to place them from the way they speak. If its an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say Ah, he comes from Liverpool, or Hes probably been to public school. I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other person. The same is true of foreigners. Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that Im talking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone is clearly French, I know theres no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I cant really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seem to be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things. Section II M