服务器运行的特点和应用.doc

/ / / 近年来，随着金融业信息系统建设步伐的加快和应用系统复杂度的提升，金融行业应用系统运维人员的工作负担不断加大，难度也在加大。如何适应系统运维工作和形式发生的变化，切实保障金融行业应用系统的安全和稳定运行，做到在故障发生时能够快速定位、分析和排除故障，事关金融企业和单位的经济效益、行业信誉和服务形象。笔者结合自身工作实际，从提升应用系统运维能力和效率的角度，探讨服务器运行监控软件的效用。In recent years, as the financial sector to speed up the pace of information system construction and application of system complexity, the financial industry application system operations staff workload continues to increase, the difficulty is also increase. How to adapt to the system operations and changes in form, ensure the safety and stability of the financial industry application system running, fault occurs in quick positioning, analysis and troubleshooting, is a matter of financial enterprise and the economic benefits of units, industry reputation and service image. The author own working practice, from the application system operational capability and efficiency point of view, discusses the server running monitoring software utility. 一、服务器运行监控软件的功能特点A, the functions and characteristics of the server running monitoring software 服务器运行监控软件通过为使用者提供对被监测服务器的资源和活动的实时监控信息，辅助对服务器上运行应用系统的运维。监控对象主要包括服务进程、CPU、内存、磁盘、网络及连接用户等。通常，服务器运行监控软件（下称监控软件）具有以下主要特点：Server is running monitoring software by provides the user with the monitored server resources and activities of the real-time monitoring information, the auxiliary operations on the application server running on the system. Monitoring object mainly includes the service process, CPU, memory, disk, network, and connected users, etc. Usually, the server is running monitoring software (hereinafter referred to as the monitoring software) has the following main features: （一）实时监控(a) real-time monitoring 监控软件实时监控服务器的运行状态，并及时反馈服务器上资源和活动的即时状态信息，如CPU的使用率、内存使用情况、磁盘的读写和使用情况、进程的资源占用状态、网络流量情况等。Monitoring software real-time monitoring server running status, and timely feedback to the instantaneous state of resources and activities on the server information, such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk reads and writes, and the process of usage, state of resource usage, network traffic situation, etc. （二）远程集中监控(2) of the remote centralized monitoring 为了便于对多个服务器同时进行监控，监控软件除提供本地监控功能外，还会提供远程监控功能，便于使用者通过监控平台对多个服务器实施集中、统一监控。In order to facilitate to monitor multiple servers at the same time, in addition to monitoring software for local monitoring function, will also provide remote monitoring function, facilitate the user through the monitoring platform for monitoring multiple servers to implement centralized and unified. （三）信息可视化(3) information visualization 通常，监控软件会通过生动的图形、图像并采用不同的颜色等可视化手段为用户展示服务器的运行状态及其变化情况，如CPU使用率的变化、磁盘读写速率的变化及cache命中率的变化等。Usually, the monitoring software will be through the vivid graphics, images, and adopt different visual means such as the color of the display for the user server running status and its changes, such as the change of CPU utilization, disk read/write speed of change and the change of the rate of cache. （四）自动化报警(4) automatic alarm 当服务器发生运行故障或异常时，监控系统可在运行本机上弹出消息窗口或通过发送邮件、短信的方式向用户报告相关情况。如服务器无法连接、CPU使用率过高、内存使用率过高、磁盘读写数据量过大等异常。When the server operation failure or abnormality occurs, monitoring and control system can be run on the pop up message window or through email, SMS report relevant information to users. Unable to connect to, such as server high high CPU usage, memory usage, disk reads and writes data volume is too large, such as abnormal. （五）参数可定制(5) parameters can be customized 监控软件提供对相关预警参数的配置功能，用户可根据自身需要和服务器的运行实际，设置报警阈值。如CPU使用率的报警阈值、内存使用率的报警阈值、磁盘读写数据量的报警阈值等。Monitoring software to provide relevant early warning parameters configuration function, users can according to their own needs and the server running the actual, set the alarm threshold. Such as CPU utilization of the alarm threshold and the memory usage of the alarm threshold, disk read and write data volume of alarm threshold, etc. （六）故障排除贴士(6) troubleshooting tips 当监控软件提示报警信息时，除了会提示报警的对象和报警原因外，通常还会提供排除该报警的指引信息。When monitoring software prompts alarm information, apart from the reason of the object prompts alarm and alarm, often also provide guidance information out of the alarm. 二、服务器运行监控软件的应用Second, the server is running monitoring software applications 服务器运行监控软件的应用不仅能够提前预防服务器资源的不足，还能够在故障发生的第一时间接收到报警信息，及时定位故障、掌握故障发生原因和排除故障。Application servers running monitoring software can not only prevent in advance of server resources is insufficient, can also occur at fault of the first indirect received alarm information, timely locating failure, failure causes and troubleshooting. （一）提前预防资源不足(1) insufficient resources in advance 通过设置不同的报警级别，使得监控软件在服务器某项资源在接近不足时提前通知用户，而不是等到资源完全无法分配的情况下，才发出报警信息，这能够有效避免服务器由于无法分配到足够资源而停止提供服务的情况发生，让服务器的管理员能够提前做好预防资源不足的准备，通过释放磁盘空间、增加内存空间等措施及时提高服务器的资源配置。By setting different alarm level, make a monitoring software on the server when insufficient resources in close to notify users in advance, rather than wait until completely cannot allocate resources situation, the alarm messages are sent, which can effectively avoid the server unable to allocate enough resources and stop providing services, let the server administrator to prevent resources preparation in advance, by freeing disk space, increasing the memory space and other measures in a timely manner to improve the resources of the server configuration. （二）迅速定位故障对象(2) the rapid positioning fault object 由于监控软件的报警功能是通过将被监测对象的当前状态与预设报警值相比较来做出报警与否的判断的，因此，当监控软件发出故障报警时，能够同时提供相关联的故障对象，使得用户得以快速定位故障部件和分析故障原因。As a result of the alarm function of the monitoring software is by monitoring the current state of the object will be compared with the preset alarm value to make alarm or not judgment, therefore, when a fault alarm monitoring software, can provide associated fault object, at the same time allows the user to quickly locate fault components and analyze the cause of the problem. （三）及时报警性能故障(3) timely warning performance failure 当出现系统响应速度慢等性能故障时，监控软件能够及时予以报警，并提示造成性能下降的主要原因，如CPU使用率过高、主存缺页数目大或磁盘I/O数据量大等，这便于用户有效缩小对性能故障原因的排查范围，进一步确认造成性能下降的具体原因。When there is a slow system response performance, such as failure, monitoring software in a timely manner to report to the police, and presented the main cause of performance degradation, such as high CPU usage, main memory page fault number big or large amount of disk I/O data, etc., it is convenient for users to narrow scope of the cause of the problem of screen performance effectively, further confirming the specific cause of performance degradation. （四）监控数据的深入剖析(4) monitoring data for further analysis 监控软件通过曲线图、柱状图等形式多样的统计描述方式对所采集的服务器运行状态历史数据进行展示，如在一个小时内网络输入输出数据量的变化情况、内存使用率的变化情况等，使得用户能够迅速掌握服务器系统运行参数的变化特征，从而对其上部署的应用系统的运行特点做进一步地判断和剖析。Monitoring software through the graph, histogram, etc. Various forms of statistical description of the way, the server running status to show historical data, such as in an hour network input/output data quantity changes, changes of the memory usage, etc., allows users to quickly grasp the characteristics of running parameters of server system, thus the characteristics of deployment of the application of the system to do further judgment and analysis. （五）历史报警事件的便捷管理(5) convenient management of historical alarm events 为便于对历史报警事件进行查询和了解报警的处理情况，监控软件大多会提供对历史报警事件的管理功能，用户能够方便地查知报警信息的类别、发生频率和严重程度等。For easy to understand history alarm event query and alarm processing situation, most monitoring software will provide the alarm event in history of management functions, the user can easily check alarm information categories, the frequency and severity. 三、使用服务器监控软件应注意的问题Third, using the server monitoring software problems should be paid attention to （一）额外的运行负荷和运行风险(a) additional operation load and run the risk 当监控软件运行在被监控服务器上时，需考虑监控软件的运行可能会带来额外的运行负荷，并对服务器上运行的应用系统和数据库等带来一定的运行风险。当监控软件部署在被监控服务器以外的其它机器上，并通过远程连接的方式对服务器进行监控时，需注意由于监控软件与被监控服务器间的频繁数据交换，可能会给网络通讯带来较大负担。When monitoring software running on the monitoring server, need to consider the operation of the monitoring software may lead to additional operation load, an