中国科学院博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题3.doc

中国科学院博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题（2002年3月）PAPER ONEPART STRUCTURE & VOCABULARY (15 points, 25 minutes)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or words below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16. Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no but to report him to the local police.A. time B. changeC. authorityD. alternative17. Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to regret.A. teem with B. brim withC. come with D. look with18. There is only one difference between and old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a future behind him.A. splendid B. conspicuousC. uproarious D. imminent19. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only necessity.A. within reach of B. for fear of C. by means of D. in case of 20. A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or express the emotion that it in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflects B. retainsC. rouses D. radiates21. the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.A. Turn off B. Turn overC. Turn down D. Turn up22. Banks shall be unable to , or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A. write off B. put asideC. shrink from D. come cover23. I am to inform you, that you may, if you wish, attend the inquiry, and at the inspectors discretion sate your case or through an entrusted representative.A. in person B. in depthC. in secretD. in excess24. In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being ,” being open to all kinds of art.A. gratifying B. predominatingC. excellingD. accommodating25. In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens the 1st grade.A. leads B. precedesC. forwardsD. advances26. Desert plants two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.A. break down B. fall intoC. differ in D. refer to27. In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roral of aircraft engines which all other sounds.A. dwarfed B. diminishedC. drownedD. devastated28. Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not and should be avoided if possible.A. constructiveB. productive C. descriptive D. relative29. The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the of investigations.A. caseB. chaseC. causeD. course30. Since neither side was ready to what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.A. precedeB. recedeC. concedeD. intercede31. Such an act of hostility can only lead to war.A. overt B. episodicC. ampleD. ultimate32. both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.A. Recreation B. TransactionC. DisclosureD. Exposure33. It would then be replaced by an interim government, which would be replaced by a permanent government after four months.A. in step B. in turnC. in practice D. in haste34. Havent I told you I dont want you keeping with those awful riding about bicycle boys?A. company B. acquaintanceC. friendsD. place35. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy of B. in lieu ofC. by courtesy of D. for the price ofSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D. Indicate which of the four partrs is incorrectly used by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.36. The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goods A BChe is selling.D37. Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, drug-related crimes that AB Chave nothing doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.D38. A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Mary ABare on display at the meseum. C D39. There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for. ABC D40. Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, A Bmake it more difficult to sell U.S. exports. C D41. It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as theA B ever-increased world population, have been caused by technological advance.CD42. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the A B Ctemptation to revenge as subjected to uncivilized behavior.D43. While experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be the A Boverriding majority since they are at heavy demand in the market. CD44. Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lure A B C Dshoppers.45. The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced A Bprotection of intellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.CDPART CLOSE TEST (15 points, 15 minutes)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious 46 has occurred in the roles that women 47 . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it all”, they often enjoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As womens roles have changed, changing expectations about mens roles have become more 52 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in mens roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasing 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the “emotion work” 58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which mens and womens roles are becoming increasingly more 60 .46. A. incidentsB. changes C. resultsD. effects47. A. takeB. do C. play D. show48. A. byB. while C. hence D. thus49. A. homeB. garden C. arena D. paradise50. A. When B. Even though C. SinceD. Nevertheless51. A. rewardsB. profits C. privilegesD. incomes52. A. generalB. acceptable C. popularD. apparent53. A. asB. of C. from D. for54. A. sectionB. constituent C. domain D. point55. A. encouragedB. expected C. advisedD. predicted56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D. especially57. A. how B. what C. why D. if58. A. but B. only C. enough D. necessary59. A. unlessB. although C. whereD. because60. A. pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageablePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (30 points, 60 minutes)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeepers script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola” was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.61. What does the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?A. He was highly respected by Atlantans.B. He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C. He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D. He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.62. Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pembertons Company?A. Skills to make French wine.B. Talent for drawing pictures.C. An acute sense of smell.D. Ability to work with numbers.63. Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?A. He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmess.B. He brought a quite profitable product into being.C. He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D. He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.64. One modification made of French Wine Coca formula wasA. used beer bottles were chosen as containers.B. the amount of caffeine in it was increased.C. it was blended with oils instead of water.D. Cola nut extract was added to taste.65. According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for A. the young as a soft drink.B. a replacement of French Wine Coca.C. the relief of a hangover.D. a cure for the common headache.66. The last paragraph mainly tellsA. the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant.B. a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cure.C. the mediocre service of the drugstore.D. a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola.Passage Two Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press” proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social land economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New Yrok daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Days success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.67. What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press?”A. It was known for its in-depth news reporting.B. It had an involvement with some political parties.C. It depended on the business community for survival.D. It aimed at pleasing the general public.68. In its early days, a penny paper oftenA. paid much attention to political issues.B. provided stories that hit the public taste.C. offered penetrating editorials on various issues.D. covered important news with inaccuracy.69. As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paperA. improved its contentB. changed its writing style.C. developed a more sensational style.D. became a tool for political parties.70. The underlined word “ventures” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by A. editors.B. reporters.C. newspapers.D. companies.71. What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore Sun?A. They turned out to be failures.B. They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C. They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D. They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.72. This passage is probably taken from a book onA. the work ethics of the American media.B. the techniques in news reporting.C. the history of sensationalism in American media.D. the impact of mass media on American society.Passage ThreeForget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs-a room of ones own. The writer she had in mind wasnt at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika-his legally adopted name; dont ask him about his birth name-composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isnt just a story. Its an online narrative () that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicated knots. In the four years it took to produce-it was completed in 1997-each new advance in computer software became another potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry”, jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper. “Thats unusal for a writer, because if you just write on paper the technology is pretty stable”.Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi-mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual “city” in cyberspace where visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic. The reade