笔译--第十三章 中文摘要翻译.doc

第十三章 中文摘要翻译 教学目的 通过对比分析 了解中文摘要的表述特点 以及常用的 语言转换方式 教学重点 如何翻译中文摘要 教学方式 讨论 比较法 分析法 多媒体教学 摘要是根据论文各部分要点按照摘要体裁规范而拟定的短文 是论文内容的浓缩 摘要翻译其质量的优劣直接影响文件的检索和 信息 成果的传播语交流 摘要大致分三种 信息型摘要 描述型 摘要和评价型摘要 通常包括 背景 目的 方法 结果 结论等 由于字数限制 背景句甚至目的句都可以省略 背景句 介绍研究的背景 现状和问题 目的句 叙述研究的前提 目的 任务和所涉及的主题范围 方法句 陈述研究所使用的原理 手段 程序等 结果句 陈述研究的结果 效果 数据 性能等 结论句 陈述对研究结果地分析 比较 应用 或根据结果提 出问题 建议 预测等 摘要的翻译应准确无误地反映原文内容 不能疏漏 否则将降 低摘要的参考价值 英文摘要中应尽量避免使用缩略语 如有必要 应在首次使用时 加括号注明 13 1 论翻译选择的目的性 摘要 翻译过程是一个涉及多种选择的复杂过程 而每一次翻译行 为和参与者所做出的种种选择都是诸多层次的目的决定的 本文首 先介绍了翻译的目的论 提出了翻译目的的多层次性 然后通过对 翻译过程中各种层面选择的详细分析 指出针对翻译行为的一切选 择无不有其内在的目的性 文章还借助翻译活动中的若干典型实例 说明翻译过程中的选择以及翻译行为的目的都要受到文本外诸多因 素的影响与制约 关键词 翻译 选择 层次性 目的论 On the Purposiveness of Selection in Translation Abstract The process of translation is complex and involves various selections Each translation action and the selection involved are regulated or directed by purpose at different levels This paper begins with an introduction of skopos theory Then it puts forward the idea of multi leveledness of translation purpose and through the method of detailed analysis it highlights the inherent purposiveness of all selections necessitated by translation actions Furthermore the paper employs concrete and representative example of translation activities to bring out the point that the selections made in the process of translation and purpose behind every single translation action are both influenced and constrained by a variety of extratextual factors Key words translation selection hierarchy skopos theory 13 2 记忆与英语学习 摘要 从信息处理模型的角度看 记忆在语言学习中占有中心的地 位 本文从感觉记录器 短时记忆和长时记忆三个方面 讨论了一 些语言学习的技巧和策略 通过增加可理解度以优化输入 通过建 立联系 激活图式 注意关键词 利用外部储存的方法来加速语言 处理 组织好包括陈述性知识和程序性知识在内的知识系统 以实 现自动化 关键词 记忆 可理解输入 图式 陈述式知识 程序性知识 Abstract Memory plays a central role in language learning in terms of the information processing model This paper tries to look at some language learning techniques and strategies from three different perspectives sensory register short term working memory and long term memory optimize the input by increasing its comprehensibility accelerate language processing by creating association activating schemata focusing on the key words and making use of external storage better organize our knowledge system including declarative and procedural knowledge so as to effect automation Key words memory comprehensible input schemata declarative knowledge procedural knowledge 13 3 外语思维与母语思维 摘要 传统的外语教学要求掌握外语要用外语思维 但长期实践的 结果表明这种教学法的效果并不尽如人意 外语学习能不能利用母 语思维也是一个值得探讨的问题 本文从心理语言学的角度 从语 言具有共同性及语言和思维的关系出发 分析了外语教学的现状 指出母语思维在外语教学中应有的作用 关键词 心理语言学 外语思维 母语思维 外语教学 Abstract Traditional foreign language teaching aims at the way of thinking in foreign language in order to master it However long time practice proves that this teaching method is not very satisfactory Whether the way of thinking in native language can be made used of in foreign language teaching is also a problem worthy to be explored Based on the theory of psycholinguistics chiefly the common characteristics of all languages and the relationship between language and thinking this paper analyses the current situation in foreign language teaching and points out the functions the way of thinking in native language should have in foreign language teaching Key word psycholinguistics the way of thinking in native language the way of thinking in foreign language foreign language teaching 13 4 原作意图与翻译策略 摘要 意图主宰语篇制作策略及其形式 由于文化差异 同一话语 意图在原语与译语的语篇形式上很可能不一致 译者应在正确认知 原作意图的前提下 以实现译文的预期功能作为翻译策略的准则 采用恰当的译文语篇形式准确表达原作意义 以有效实现翻译目的 根据这一准则 译者即使对原文语篇进行必要的删减和改写也不失 为一种行之有效的翻译方法 而这些方法如何使用何时使用又有赖 于译者的语言文化功底和翻译能力 关键词 原作意图 译文预期功能 翻译策略 Source Text Intention and Translation Strategy Abstract A writer s intention determines the textual strategies and the form he she uses Due to cultural differences however the target text will not always follow the same pattern as the source text even though the target text seeks to convey the same discourse intention This being the case the translator having understood the source text intention should adopt the appropriate textual form to bring out the source text meaning For it is only when the translation can achieve its intended function that the purpose of translation can be successfully realized Under this principle it is also not unwise for a translator to adopt flexibly the techniques of adaptation or omission How and when these techniques are to be used are of course dependent on the translator s linguistic proficiency cultural literacy and translation competence Key words source text intention intended function of target text translation strategy 13 5 后殖民主义语境下的当代澳大利亚文学 摘要 近20多年来 澳大利亚文坛出现了白人文化 移民文化和土 著文化的 多元文化狂欢 景象 本文以彼得 凯里等代表性作家的小 说为切入点 结合后殖民文化批评理论 多视角解读这一文学奇观 从而彰显其深植于本文之中的政治隐喻 关键词 殖民历史 白人文学 移民文学 土著文学 文化身份 Contemporary Australian Literature in Postcolonial Context Abstract Over the last twenty years there has appeared multicultural carnival of white culture immigrant culture and aboriginal culture in Australian literary world This paper applying post colonial cultural theories to novels of representative writers like Peter Carey s etc is an attempt to interpret this unique literary phenomenon from various dimensions revealing political metaphors embodied in texts Key words colonial history white culture immigrant culture aboriginal culture cultural identity 中文摘要英译基本句型 In this paper is discussed we discuss from the perspective of This paper applying to is an attempt to The present study analyzes introduces by comparing The findings show that the problem is worthy to be explored The study shows that Thus it is suggested This article explores on the basis of In this paper is reviewed studied This paper aims to explore aims at introducing from the perspective of based on in terms of Based upon these analysis this paper then continues to from a variable range of possibilities with its emphasis on This paper offers a critique of and argues that 本文从批评 入 手 指出了 Taking the approach of a case study this paper uses 本文以 为 个案进行分析 This paper argues analyzes that and points out The author attempts to explain from the angle of pragmatics The author also points out accordingly the author puts forward This paper deals with the concept of From the angle of the author examines and explores 本文以 为视角 探讨 指 出 This paper is a systematic introduction to 本文系统地介绍了 This paper from the point of view of translation discusses problems concerning the definition of 文章从翻译的角度探讨了 Starting from this paper discusses It first discusses It then elaborates It concludes that This article seeks to explain the concept of from a philosophical point of view It argues The thesis focuses on centers on the research of We find that This paper is a further research on The research focuses on With the facts of the paper explains and then points out This paper discusses the nature of from various angles Having explored the paper not only makes an attempt to but also puts forward In view of this paper puts forward advances that Considering this paper also makes a few suggestions on how to With the aid of theories and from the perspective of this paper probe into 本文借助 理论 从 入手 This paper makes some theoretical and em