linux PXE网络安装操作系统步骤.doc

RedHat6.2 使用网络安装系统1，网络安装步骤图：2，配置部署：在整个pxe安装中，需要dhcp、tftp、ftp服务，这3个服务可以安装同一台机器中，也可以分别部署。在此实验中，3个服务同时部署在同一台机器中。2.1 配置yum源为了解决在部署环境中rpm安装及相互依赖关系，需要提前部署本地yum源。挂载iso文件到目录rootnari # mount -o loop /soft/RHEL6.2-20111117.0-Server-x86_64-DVD1.iso /mntrootnari mnt# lsEFI isolinux RELEASE-NOTES-as-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-fr-FR.html RELEASE-NOTES-kn-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-pa-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-te-IN.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-betaEULA LoadBalancer RELEASE-NOTES-bn-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-gu-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-ko-KR.html RELEASE-NOTES-pt-BR.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh-CN.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releaseGPL media.repo RELEASE-NOTES-de-DE.html RELEASE-NOTES-hi-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-ml-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-ru-RU.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh-TW.html ScalableFileSystemHighAvailability Packages RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RELEASE-NOTES-it-IT.html RELEASE-NOTES-mr-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-si-LK.html repodata Serverimages README RELEASE-NOTES-es-ES.html RELEASE-NOTES-ja-JP.html RELEASE-NOTES-or-IN.html RELEASE-NOTES-ta-IN.html ResilientStorage TRANS.TBLrootnari mnt# 编辑yum配置文件rootnari yum.repos.d# pwd/etc/yum.repos.drootnari yum.repos.d# lltotal 12-rw-r-r- 1 root root 68 Jun 9 20:50 base.repo-rw-r-r- 1 root root 78 Jun 9 21:14 redhat.repo-rw-r-r- 1 root root 1 Jun 9 20:54 redhat.repo_bakrootnari yum.repos.d# vi base.repo basename=rhel6baseurl=file:/mnt/Server #指定server目录，目前使用本地file，也可以使用ftp、http。#enabled=1gpgcheck=1 #是否需要校验，默认开启1.保存配置文件后，可以使用基本命令验证yum正确性。2.2 配置dhcp服务器查看操作系统中是否安装dhcp软件包rootnari # rpm -qa | grep dhcpdhcp-common-4.1.1-25.P1.el6.x86_64dhcp-4.1.1-25.P1.el6.x86_64如果没有查找到，需要安装dhcp rpm包。rootnari yum.repos.d# yum install -y dhcp以下是本次dhcp配置文件rootnari # cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ddns-update-style interim;default-lease-time 21600;max-lease-time 43200;subnet netmask -设置子网option subnet-mask ; -子网掩码option routers 54;-网关option nis-domain ;option domain-name localhost.domain;option domain-name-servers 3;option time-offset -18000;range 0 40;-dhcp池范围default-lease-time 21600;max-lease-time 43200;filename pxelinux.0;-pex引导文件host nsnext-server 3;-tftp服务器地址配置完成后直接使用命令重启dhcp服务rootnari # service dhcpd restart如果有错误，可以查看日志： cat /var/log/message | grep dhcp2.3 配置tftp服务使用yum直接安装tftp软件包。redhat提供如下两个软件包：tftp.x86_64 tftp-server.x86_64修改配置文件中“disable=yes”为“disable=no”rootnari lib# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp# default: off# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, # and to start the installation process for some operating systems.service tftp disable = no -默认为yes； socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4tftp服务是xinet中子服务，配置完成后，重启xinetd服务，是tftp服务生效。配置pxe引导pxe启动映像文件有syslinux软件包提供，redhat光盘中已提供，我们只要安装syslinux，就会生成一个pxelinux.0，将pxelinux.0文件复制到tfptboot目录下：cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/配置系统引导文件cp/mnt/images/pxeboot/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/cp/mnt/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/cp/mnt/isolinux/vesamenu.c32/var/lib/tftpboot/mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfgcp/mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultchmodu+w/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultvi/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default在appendinitrd=initrd.img 一行增加ks=3/ks.cfg（append ks=3/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img）2.4配置ftp服务器使用yum安装vsftp软件包yum install -y vsftpd.x86_64安装完成后，需要把iso文件内容复制到ftp/pub中：rootnari lib# mount -o loop /soft/RHEL6.2-20111117.0-Server-x86_64-DVD1.iso /mntrootnari lib# cd /mnt/* /var/ftp/pub/ -R使用service vsftpd restart命令重启ftp服务。2.5 配置kickstart安装直接使用yum安装kickstart软件包rootnari lib# yum install -y system-config-kicks