磷化铝doc.docx

磷化铝是用赤磷和铝粉烧制而成。因杀虫效率高、经济方便而应用广泛。用作粮仓熏蒸的磷化铝含量为56.0%58.5%，3.20g/片的规格较多。薰蒸每吨粮食只需37片，每立方米仅用12片。磷化铝毒性主要为遇水、酸时则迅速分解，放出吸收很快、毒性剧烈的磷化氢气体。与氨基甲酸铵的混合物可作为一种农药，也用于焊接。目录基本信息对环境的影响实验室监测方法环境标准应急处理处置方法一、泄漏应急处理二、防护措施三、急救措施制剂产品使用技术一、作用方式二、应用范围三、使用方法四、注意事项：?五、储存和运输?基本信息 对环境的影响 实验室监测方法 环境标准 应急处理处置方法 一、泄漏应急处理 二、防护措施 三、急救措施制剂产品使用技术 一、作用方式 二、应用范围 三、使用方法 四、注意事项：? 五、储存和运输?展开 编辑本段基本信息中文名称：磷化铝 英文名称：aluminium phosphide；aluminum monophosphide;Detia;phostoxin 国标编号：43036 CAS号：20859-73-8 分子式：AlP 外观性状：浅黄色或灰绿色粉末，无味，易潮解 分子量：57.95 沸 点：升华 熔 点：1000 溶解性：不溶于冷水，溶于乙醇、乙醚 密 度：相对密度(水=1)2.85(15) 稳定性：稳定 危险标记：10(遇湿易燃物品)，40(有毒品) 主要用途：用作粮仓熏蒸杀虫剂，与氨基甲酸铵的混合物可作为一种农药，也用于焊接 农药制剂及登记证号： 90%磷化铝原药 PD20097270 85%磷化铝大粒剂 PD20097271 56%磷化铝片剂 PD84121 56%磷化铝粉剂 PD87103 56%磷化铝丸剂 PD88107编辑本段对环境的影响一、健康危害 侵入途径：吸入、食入。 健康危害：本品遇水或酸产生磷化氢而中毒。吸入磷化氢气体引起头晕、头痛、乏力、食欲减退、胸闷及上腹部疼痛等。严重者有中毒性精神症状，脑水肿，肺水肿，肝肾及心肌损害，心律紊乱等。口服产生磷化氢中毒，有胃肠道症状，以及发热、畏寒、头晕、兴奋及心律紊乱，严重者有气急、少尿、抽搐、休克及昏迷等。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 毒性：对人畜高毒。 急性毒性：LD5020mg/kg(人经口) 危险特性：现酸或水和潮气时，能发生剧烈反应，放出剧毒的自燃的磷化氢气体，当温度超过60时会立即在空气中自燃。与氧化剂能发生强烈反应，引起燃烧或爆炸。 燃烧(分解)产物：磷烷。1编辑本段实验室监测方法原子吸收法(NIOSH方法7013) 等离子化光谱法(NIOSH方法7300)编辑本段环境标准前苏联 车间卫生标准 2mg/m3Al编辑本段应急处理处置方法一、泄漏应急处理隔离泄漏污染区，限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩，穿一般作业工作服。小量泄漏：避免扬尘，用洁净的铲子收集于干燥、洁净、有盖的容器中。大量泄漏：用塑料布、帆布覆盖，减少飞散。然后收集回收或运至废物处理场所置。二、防护措施呼吸系统防护：作业时，应该佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩。空气中浓度较高时，建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 身体防护：穿化学防护服。 手防护：戴橡胶手套。 其它：工作毕，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。三、急救措施皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。 眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入：饮足量温水，催吐，洗胃。就医。 灭火方法：消防人员必须穿戴全身防火防毒服。灭火剂：干粉、干燥砂土、二氧化碳灭火剂。禁止用水、泡沫和酸式灭火剂灭火。1编辑本段制剂产品使用技术一、作用方式磷化铝通常是作为一种广谱性熏蒸杀虫剂，主要用于熏杀货物的仓储害虫、空间的多种害虫、粮食的储粮害虫、种子的储粮害虫、洞穴的室外啮齿动物等。磷化铝吸水后会立即产生高毒的磷化氢气体，通过昆虫（或者老鼠等动物）的呼吸系统进入体内，作用于细胞线粒体的呼吸链和细胞色素氧化酶，抑制其的正常呼吸而致死。在无氧情况下磷化氢不易被昆虫吸入，不表现毒性，有氧情况下磷化氢可被吸入而使昆虫致死。昆虫在高浓度的磷化氢中会产生麻痹或保护性昏迷，呼吸降低。制剂产品可熏蒸原粮、成品粮、油料和薯干等。若熏蒸种子时，其水分因不同作物而要求不同。二、应用范围在密封的仓库或者容器里，可直接灭除各类贮粮害虫，并能杀灭仓库内老鼠，粮仓已出现害虫，也能很好地杀灭。对家庭、商店物品的螨类、虱，皮衣、羽绒类虫蛀，或避免害虫为害时，也可用磷化氢。在密封的温室、玻璃房、塑料大棚中使用，可直接杀死所有的地下、地上害虫和老鼠，并可穿透到植物体内杀死钻蛀性害虫、根基线虫。用质地较厚的密封塑料袋和大棚，可处理露地花卉基地和出口盆栽花卉，杀死地下和植株内的线虫和植株上的各类害虫。2三、使用方法以56%含量的制剂为例： 1.每吨储粮或货品38片；每立方米囤垛或货品25片；每立方米熏蒸空间14片。 2.蒸完毕后，掀开账幕或塑料薄膜，开启门窗或通风闸口，采用自然或机械通风，充分散气，排净毒气。 3.入库时，用5%10%硝酸银溶液浸制的试纸检验毒气，确无磷化氢气体时方可入内。 4.熏蒸时间视温度和湿度而定，5以下，不宜熏蒸；59不少于14天；1016不少于7天；1625不少于4天；25以上不少于3天。熏杀田鼠，每鼠洞12片。四、注意事项：?1.严禁和药剂直接接触。 2.用本剂应严格遵守磷化铝熏蒸的有关法规和安全措施，本剂熏蒸时，须有熟练的技术人员或有经验的工作人员指导，严禁单人作业，在晴朗的天气下进行不要在夜间进行。 3.药桶应在室外开封，熏蒸场所四周，应设危险警戒线，眼、脸勿正对桶口，投药24小时，要有专人检查有无漏气、起火现象。 4.磷化氢对铜有强腐蚀性，对电灯开关、灯头等铜质部件涂以机油或用塑料薄膜密封保护。熏蒸场所的金属器件可暂时移出。 5.散气后，如数收集药袋残渣。可在远离生活区的空旷处，将残渣连袋投入盛水钢桶中，充分浸泡，令残余磷化铝完全分解（液面无气泡发生为止），无害化渣浆可弃置于环保管理部门允许的废渣排放场。 6.磷化氢吸收剂袋的处理：软包装袋拆封后，袋内附带的吸收剂小袋应收集一处，并在野外深埋土中。 7.用过的空容器，勿做他用，应及时销毁。 8.本品对蜜蜂、鱼类、家蚕有毒、施药期间避免对周围的影响，蚕室禁用。 9.施药时，应佩戴合适的防毒面具，穿工作服，戴专用手套。禁止吸烟或进食，施药后洗净手脸或洗澡。五、储存和运输?制剂产品在装卸、运输过程中，要轻拿轻放，严防潮湿、高温或日晒。本品应储藏在凉冷、干燥、通风良好处，必须密闭贮藏。远离家畜、家禽，并要有专人保管。仓库处严禁烟火。贮藏过程中，遇有药品着火，千万不能用水或酸性物质灭火，可用二氧化碳或干沙灭火。远离儿童，不能于食品、饮料、粮食、饲料等物品同贮同运。参考资料 1 磷化铝资料引用 /supplydemand/product01.aspx?supplyid=2255598&id=1478632 使用技术资料引用 Aluminum phosphide aluminum with red phosphorus and baked. For insecticidal, high efficiency, economical, convenient and widely used.Used as a granary of aluminum phosphide fumigation content 56.0% 58.5%, 3.20g / film size more.Only 3 per ton of grain fumigation 7 per cubic meter of only 1 to 2.Aluminum phosphide toxicity mainly with water, acid, when the rapid decomposition and emit absorbed quickly, severe toxic phosphine gas.With a mixture of ammonium can be used as a pesticide, also used for welding.CatalogBasic InformationImpact on the environmentLaboratory monitoring methodsEnvironmental standardsEmergency treatment and disposal methods a leakage contingencyTwo protective measuresThree, and emergency measuresUse of technology a formulated product, the mode of actionSecond, the scope of applicationThird, the use ofFourth, pay attention:?Fifth, storage and transportation?Basic InformationImpact on the environmentLaboratory monitoring methodsEnvironmental standardsEmergency treatment and disposal methods a leakage contingencyTwo protective measuresThree, and emergency measuresUse of technology a formulated product, the mode of actionSecond, the scope of applicationThird, the use ofFourth, pay attention:?Fifth, storage and transportation?Basic information to start editing this paragraph：Chinese name: aluminum phosphide English name: aluminium phosphide; aluminum monophosphide; Detia; phostoxin GB Number: 43036 CAS No. :20859 -73-8 formula: AlP Appearance: light yellow or gray-green powder, odorless, deliquescent molecular weight: 57.95Boiling Point: sublimation temperature: 1000 Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether density: the relative density (water = 1) 2.85 (15 ) Stability: Stable Hazardous markers: 10 (in case of wet flammable substances),40 (drugs) main purposes: as a granary insecticide fumigation with a mixture of ammonium can be used as a pesticide, pesticide formulations and also used for welding Registration No.: 90% of the original drug PD20097270 85% aluminum phosphide phosphoruslarge granules of aluminum PD20097271 56% aluminum phosphide tablets PD84121 56% aluminum phosphide powder pills PD88107 PD87103 56% aluminum phosphideEdit this section the impact on the environmentA health hazard pathways: inhalation, ingestion.Health hazards: This product with water or acid producing phosphine poisoning.Inhalation of phosphine gas cause dizziness, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, chest and upper abdominal pain.In severe cases, toxic psychiatric symptoms, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, liver and kidney and heart damage, heart rhythm disorders.Oral produce phosphine poisoning, gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as fever, chills, dizziness, excitement, and cardiac arrhythmias, severe shortness of breath, oliguria, convulsions, shock and coma.Two, toxicology information and environmental behavior toxicity: highly toxic to humans and animals.Acute toxicity: LD5020mg/kg (human oral) hazardous characteristics: now when the acid or water and moisture, and can react violently, the spontaneous release of highly toxic phosphine gas when the temperature exceeds 60 , spontaneous combustion in the air immediately.It can react with oxidants, causing fire or explosion.Combustion (decomposition) products: phosphine.1Edit this section Laboratory monitoring methodsAtomic absorption method (NIOSH Method 7013) and other ionization spectroscopy (NIOSH Method 7300)Edit this paragraph environmental standardsThe former Soviet Union plant health standards 2mg/m3 AlEdit this paragraph emergency treatment and disposal methodsA leakage contingencyIsolation leakage polluted area, restricting access.Cut off the fire source.Recommended emergency personnel wearing self-absorption filter respirators, wearing protective clothing.A small leak: Dust to avoid using cleaner shovel collection in a dry, clean, covered containers.Large Leak: plastic sheeting, canvas cover and reduce dispersion.And then shipped to recycling or waste disposal sites set.Two protective measuresRespiratory protection: should wear self-absorption filter respirators.Higher concentration in air, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses.Physical protection: wear chemical protective clothing.Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.Other: work to complete, take a shower.Attention to personal hygiene.Three, and emergency measuresSkin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing, use soap and water thoroughly washed skin.Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile or saline irrigation water.For medical treatment.Inhalation: Remove to fresh air.Keep the airway open.If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.If breathing stops, artificial respiration immediately.For medical treatment.Fresh into: drink enough water, induce vomiting, gastric lavage.For medical treatment.Fire fighting methods: firefighters must wear fire protective body suits.Extinguishing Media: dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent.Prohibit water, foam fire extinguishing agent and acid.1Edit this paragraph preparation products using technologymode of actionUsually aluminum phosphide fumigation as a broad spectrum insecticide, mainly used for storage of goods smoked to kill pests, space, variety of pests, food pests in stored grain, seeds stored grain pests, rodents and other outdoor cave.Aluminum phosphide immediately after absorbing highly toxic phosphine gas produced by insects (or mice and other animals) of the respiratory system into the body, acting on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and cytochrome oxidase, inhibiting their normal breathing and death.Under anaerobic conditions in insects can not easily be inhaled phosphine, does not show toxicity, oxygen inhalation cases, phosphine may be leaving the insects to death.High concentrations of phosphine in insects will produce paralysis or protective coma, respiratory reduced.Preparation of raw grain fumigation products, refined grains, oilseeds, and dry matter and so on.If the fumigation seed, its water requirements for different crops and different.scope of application：Warehouse or in a sealed container can be directly eliminated, all kinds of stored grain pests, and can kill the mouse within the warehouse, granary pests have emerged, but also a good kill.The family, store items of mites, lice, leather, feather like insects, pests or prevent infestation, they can be used phosphine.In a sealed greenhouse, glass house, the use of plastic greenhouses, can directly kill all of the underground, ground insects and rodents, and penetrate to the plants to kill borer pests, the foundation of nematodes.Sealed plastic bag with a thick texture and greenhouses, can be handled in open flowers, potted flowers and export base, kill the plant within the underground and on the various types of nematodes and plant pests.2How to use ：To 56% of the content preparation, for example: 1 ton of grain storage, or 3 to 8 goods; per cubic meter of stack or store goods 2 to 5; 1-4 pieces per cubic meter of fumigation space.(2) After steaming, opened accounts screen or plastic film, opening gate doors and windows or ventilation, the use of natural or mechanical ventilation, adequate bulk gas, drain the gas.3 storage, use 5% 10% silver nitrate solution, test strips soaked in gas, phosphine gas only do not enter.4. fumigation time, as the temperature and humidity may be, 5 below, not fumigation; 5 9 less than 14 days; 10 16 less than 7 days; 16 25 less than 4 days; 25 or more less than 3 days.Smoked to kill voles, each rat holes 1 to 2.Fourth, pay attention:?1 is strictly prohibited and in direct contact pharmacy.(2) The agent should strictly comply with aluminum phosphide fumigation with the relevant regulations and safety measures, the agent fumigation, there must be skilled or experienced staff to guide, is strictly prohibited single operation, carried out in the sunny weather Do notat night.3 drug barrel to be outdoors Kaifeng, fumigation sites around the warning line should be set dangerous, eye, face, mouth not being on the barrel, dosing for 24 hours, to have someone check for leakage, fire phenomenon.4 Phosphine has a strong corrosive to copper, the light switch, lamp and other copper components coated with oil or sealed with plastic film to protect.Fumigation places of the metal components can be temporarily removed.5 bulk gas, shown with the drug bag to collect debris.Living in the open away from the office, even the bags into the residue in drums filled with water, fully immersed, so that the complete decomposition of residual aluminum phosphide (no bubbles occur until the surfa