英语二轮复习资料：5七选五新短文改错.doc

第5章七选五新短文改错七选五(一)(2011新课标卷)Money MattersParents should help their children understand money. _1_ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.1The basic function of moneyBegin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). _2_ When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.2Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. _3_ If you must say no to a childs request to spend money，explain，“You have enough toy trucks for now.”Or, if the request is for many different things, say.“You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”3_4_Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a producta namebrand butter and a generie (无商标产品), for example.You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. _5_ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.Later，you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.AWise decisionsBThe value of moneyCPermit the child to choose between them.DTell your child why he canor cannothave certain things.EAsk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.FTalk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.GThe best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.答案：本文讲述了应该教会孩子怎样花钱，钱的基本用途是什么，怎样用钱买东西。1G由下文可知，当孩子对买东西感兴趣时，这时你向他传述钱的事情。2F由上文可知，给孩子钱，让他买玩具，买完之后再和他谈一下怎样用钱来买东西。3D由下文内容可知，孩子已有玩具，所以他不需再买，故D项正确。4A由下文内容可知，给孩子几种选择，要他去选择买什么样的才省钱。由此可知A项正确。5C由下文内容可知，孩子可以自己选择。故C项正确。(二)(2011辽宁卷)Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing._1_Read on for some techniques worth trying.1_2_People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimers disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study._3_Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.Theres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or shortterm goals appear to do better.In other words, keep your brain looking forward.2Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact，exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain._4_3Learn something new.Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards.A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind.But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time._5_Or go dancing with your friends.AFocus on the future.BThis can be especially harmful to the aged.CIt should be something like learning gardening.DSo take a few minutes each day to do some reading.EBut dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with lifechanging events.FLuckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.GIn other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.答案：本文讲述的是保持思维灵敏的简易方法。即：聚焦未来，散步，学习新知识。1F下文的1,2,3条就是避免思维迟钝的方法。2A由下文可知经常做计划，制定短期或长期目标的人会做得更好，要保持思维超前，故A项正确。3E由下文可知：同朋友约会喝咖啡这样的简单事情也行，所以你不必担心。4G由上文可知：锻炼能产生有益大脑的化学物质，后一句是进一步说明，故G项正确。5C由上句可知对大脑最好的事情是你学新东西时，身体也要动，即脑力劳动和体力劳动相结合的事，就像学习园艺以及和朋友跳舞这样的事情。(三)(2011北京卷)Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, its a matter of logic(逻辑), of being able to spot weaknesses in other peoples arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinkingthe ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. _1_ The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking._2_ As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical (机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. _3_ .What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. _4_ As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will imporve your ability to think clearly and accurately. _5_ As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking ，you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.答案：1D根据后一句，“最伟大的思想家、科学家、发明家经常取用早就存在的消息，然后重新整合形成新的观点”可知，应选D，及世界上没有多少新的观点，只有被认同的观点。2. E第三段讲的是在演讲课上，你学会如何组织你的演讲，故选E。3. A联系上下句可知，组织演讲不是一个整理你早就有的观点的问题，而是形成观点本身的一个重要部分。4. F你在演讲课上学到的技巧会帮助你成为一个更有效的思考者，下面几句都围绕这个话题展开。5. G前后都是as引导的从句，故中间这句也应该是as引导的句子。(一)(2011海淀第二学期期末)The First AmericansThere was a time long ago when a land bridge connected Asia and North America. The first settlers in North America crossed this land bridge from what is now Siberia to Alaska. The people who made this initial crossing were probably following the animals they used for food.Eventually, the oceans rose and the land bridge between the continents disappeared. The settlers, who I shall call the “First Americans”， could not return to their homeland. _1_For the next few thousand years, the First Americans migrated south and east throughout North and South America. They made the journey all the way from Alaska to the southern tip of South America, a distance of more than 10, 000 miles. _2_In the far north, above the Arctic Circle, the First Americans became hunters of the ocean. _3_ In the brief summer，they gathered berries and other plants. In the winter, they stayed in lodges much of the time preparing for the next summer. It was a hard life，but they learned to survive in these harsh conditions.Farther south, in what is now Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, the First Americans became cliff dwellers(悬崖居民). They began by living in caves that already existed in the cliffs._4_ The dwellings they constructed in many ways resembled todays apartment buildings._5_ They built a system of dams and canals so they could store and use water almost any time of the year. They were so successful that they could raise fruits and vegetables that were not found naturally in the desert.In Mexico and South America, the First Americans founded civilizations that were among the greatest in the world. They built huge pyramids, lived in fabulous cities, and made great advances in science and mathematics long before the Europeans arrived.A. They also discovered foods like corn and potatoes.B. Along the way，they established many different civilizations.C. The First Americans of the Southwest learned to irrigate the desert.D. They would have to survive in the New World they had discovered.E. They built boats of animal skins and hunted or fished for their food.F. People living near each other tended to share similar environments and customs.G. They discovered how to add to the caves by building structures of wood and stone.答案：本文介绍了从亚洲因追踪猎物而横越亚洲和北美大陆桥的最初的美洲人以及他们在美洲发展的历程。1D。由本段描述的因海洋面的上涨和大陆桥的最终被淹没可推知这些从亚洲到美洲的人们不得不在美洲生存下来，故选D。2B。由本段描述的内容：他们在最初的几千年间处在不断的迁徙中，从阿拉斯加到南美南端，行程多达一万英里，可推知他们在漫长的迁徙过程中创建了许多不同的文明。故选B。3E。从空前的他们成了海洋上的猎手，可推知E项正确。4G。从空前的他们居住在悬崖上已经存在的洞穴中和空后的他们的建筑在很多方面和现代化的公寓大楼相似，可推知G项正确。5C。本句为段落主题句，从下文描述的他们建设堤坝、沟渠并成功地种植水果、蔬菜，可推知C项正确。(二)(2011海淀期中) Our Fears Can Change the Reality of the SituationAt times，our worries and anxieties can defeat us. In addition, our worries can change our understanding of what is reality and what is not. Here is a brief list of techniques that you can use to help gain a better viewpoint on things during your anxious moments._1_ A person should take a deep breath and try to find something to do for a few minutes to get their mind off the problem. A person could get some fresh air，listen to some music，or do an activity that will give them a fresh perspective on things.Remember that our fearful thoughts are made to seem worse and can make the problem worse._2_ When unexpectedly having thoughts that make you fearful or anxious, challenge those thoughts by asking yourself questions that will maintain objectivity and common sense.Be smart in how you deal with your fears and anxieties. Do not try to deal with everything all at once. When facing a current or upcoming task that makes your anxious, break the task into a series of smaller steps. _3_Remember that all the worrying in the world will not change anything. Most of what we worry about never comes true. _4_ Everything else you can leave in the hands of God.It is not easy to deal with all of our fears and worries. When your fears and anxieties have the best of you, try to calm down and then get the facts of the situation. The key is to take it slow. All you can do is do your best each day, hope for the best, and when something does happen, take it easy. _5_A. Take it one step at a time and things will work out.B. When feeling anxious, stop what you are doing and try to do something relaxing.C. This will give you the confidence to manage your anxiety.D. Instead of worrying about something that probably wont happen, concentrate on what you are able to do.E. The next time you feel depressed，review your list and think about the good things that you have in your life.F. A good way to manage your worry is to challenge your negative thinking with positive statements and realistic thinking.G. Completing these smaller tasks one at a time will make the stress more manageable and increases your chances of success.答案：有时担心和忧虑可能击败我们，使我们的智商变低，担忧、恐惧不仅于事无补还有很大的副作用，作者给出了几个解决问题的方法。1B。本句为段落主题句。由上文主题段可知此处应该从具体的应对措施谈起，从下文内容可知是感到焦虑时的具体的放松措施，故B项正确。2F。从上句的恐惧只能使事情变得更糟和下句的面对恐惧和焦虑通过问自己能否保持客观性和常识性的问题可知F项正确。3G。本句是对上文的总结，由上句的把要做的事情分成一系列的小步骤可知G项正确。4D。从上句对不可能发生的事情的担忧无济于事和下句的不如把这些事情交给上帝处理可知D项正确。5A。此处为段落尾句，由上文的解决我们面对的所有的恐惧和焦虑是不容易的事，面对恐惧和焦虑关键是要尽力保持镇定和采取逐步解决的措施，你所能做的就是每天都尽力做到最好，抱最好的希望，一旦事情发生，不要着急可知下文应该是一步一步地解决才能奏效，故选A。(三)(2011东城练习二)When I walked into the house after school, the first thing I noticed was a box with items I recognized from my dads office. When he told me that he was laid off, I thought he was joking. Then I noticed his seriousness and realized he was telling the truth. My father has always been a hard worker. He has prided himself on his career. _1_ I guess I had taken his work for granted._2_ For starters, he was home all the time. It meant my bed had to be made, my room cleaned up, and my homework done right after school. I would come home every day to find him at the computer searching for jobs. _3_ He seemed down, though he tried to be optimistic. He asked my brother and me to spend less. I gave up my spending money，which wasnt much. I also found a parttime job._4_ He explained that he never wanted to be laid off again, so he was going to start his own business. Day by day, I watched him build it. One evening I asked if he needed help. “Only if it doesnt affect school, ”he said. I showed up at his office the next afternoon, and most afternoons after that for two months._5_ The terrible experience for our family taught me how to deal with difficulties. Now I know that through creative problemsolving, I can always find PlanB. I can ask for help and take risks. What I have learned from my dads understanding of business and his work ethic(信条) are two of the most important lessons I will ever learn. And they will be my principles for success.A. Providing for our family has been his joy.B. I made every effort to solve his problems.C. I began to notice how losing his job had affected him.D. My fathers unemployment created many changes in our lives.E. After months of searching, my dad decided to go in a totally different direction.F. His courage and determination helped him to become successful in his new career.G. I always knew he was a hard worker，but watching him in action influenced me a lot.答案：1A。由下句的内容(我想当然地认为他的工作是一份非常稳定的、使我们感到自豪的工作)可知答案。2D。第2段前几句叙述了家的改变，由此可知是父亲待在家引起的。3C。由下句内容(父亲是消沉的)可知答案。4E。本段主要叙述了父亲开始自己做生意，由此可知父亲开始了一种与以往不同的生活。5G。本段写出了父亲工作的变故以及父亲的坚强对我的思想产生的影响，故选G。(四)(2011西城二模) Why Cats Scratch ThingsIt has long been assumed that when cats scratch objects with their front paws(爪子) they are sharpening their claws. _1_ Research on cat behavior suggests that the major reason for this behavior is communication. By scratching up the bark of a tree or the leg of your favorite chair, the cat is letting other cats or people know where she is and what she is up to.Cats tend to pick a small number of noticeable objects in their environments to scratch such as trees, fence posts repeatedly. _2_ The scratched surface leaves a highly visible mark that can be easily seen by other cats. In addition, cats have special glands(腺) in their paws so that when they make scratching movements they leave scent(气味) that other cats can smell. The fact that cats leave scent marks by making scratching movements may be the reason that cats will continue to scratch objects even after they have been declawed. _3_We dont know exactly what cats are communicating with their scratching. Both males and females do it. It is done inside and outside the home and even by cats living with no other cats around. _4_ Cats dont scratch up your furniture to bother you or just to be destructive, but for specific reasons, one of which is communicating. Cats also scratch to extend their bodies, during play，and possibly as a greeting or to relieve dissatisfaction when prevented from doing other things they want to do._5_ It is easier to prevent problem scratching rather than trying to change your cats preference for the arm of your sofa after it has become a built up habit. Thus, the goal is to establish acceptable scratching habits by getting your cat to prefer a scratching post rather than the arm of your sofa.A. It turns out that this is only a secondary reason.B. This is why the tree next door looks so scratched up.C. Cats use other parts of their bodies to communicate as well.D. Small pieces of bark have accumulated on the ground underneath.E. Scratching can result in considerable damage，owner dissatisfaction.F. Declawed cats may still be leaving scent marks on objects they scratch.G. It could be a defensive warning or just a marker that announces its existence.答案：猫为什么抓挠东西？研究表明并不像人们原来认为的那样是为了磨爪子，而是为了交际1A。此处表示意义的转折，故选A。2B。由上句所说的原因，猫喜爱不断地抓挠树木和篱笆柱子等其周边环境中较抢眼的东西可知B项是其结果：树木被抓挠得伤痕累累。3F。空前的declawed是关键信息词。4G。由上句即使周围没有其他的猫存在，猫也如此做，可能是作为一种防御警示或只是用痕迹宣布自己的存在。5E。从空后提供的建议(怎样保护你喜爱的贵重物品不被猫抓挠)可推知E项正确。(五)(2011东北三省四市联考)_1_ People use money to buy food，furniture，books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want. When they work ，they usually get paid in money.Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. _2_ One of the first kinds of money was shells.Shells were not the only things used as money. In China，cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands，rice was used as money for a long time. Elephant tusks，monkey tails and salt were used as money in parts of Africa.The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the centre. _3_Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. _4_ Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. Later some countries began to make coins of gold and silver.But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. _5_ The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today. Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today. A. The first coins in England were made of tin(锡)B. But people used to use all kinds of things as money.C. N