词义猜测—阅读理解 配套练习题.doc

专题一 阅读理解(词义猜测题)一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。 任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to. ? 2. The underlined word, means_.3. The underlined phrase, means_. 4. The underlined sentence, means_.二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. Thats no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word benefits probably means_. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character- building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.The underlined word agony in the last paragraph probably means_. A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness （二）课堂练习10: OOPM Science/Heath Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is yes. According to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food-lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the normal category (范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to whats achieved with Hypertension drugs. In Science/Health, Johns Hopkins is_.A. a famous university B. a medical center C. a well-known doctor D. a drug company 三、方法点拨1.根据定义猜测词义 通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义.直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 1)In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent等。同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or rather等副词或短语出现。2)William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “_” A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy3)Mary felt perturbed, that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sisters action. 4)There are two types of fat, external fat(fat under skin)and internal fat (fat inside the body wall)定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。5)The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.6)Perhaps the days are gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Imaginary life. B. Simple life in the past. C. Times of inventions. D. Time for constant activity.2.根据逻辑关系猜测词义根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，有时对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词来猜测其词义。英语中表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast ,on the contrary, on the other hand和while 引导的并列句等。 7)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.根据类比关系猜测词义 表示类比关系的词和短语主要有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。8)Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.根据因果关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。9)Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。10)Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.3. 根据上下文及生活常识猜测词义我们可以根据上下文与生词密切相关的句子，对生词进行合情合理同时合乎上下文语境的推测。我们也可以根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳，猜测生词的词义。11)You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 12)Karen, grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States, maintained high moral(道德的) standards throughout her youth. In 1984, at the age of 23, she married Bill. They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.The underlined part in the passage most probably means “_”.A. were lucky in having B. were asked to adoptC. regretted having D. gave birth to13)The snake slithered through the grass.14)But sometimes I just feel loath to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other useless words.The underlined word “loath” in this paragraph has the closest meaning to _.A. unwilling B. eager C. pleased D. hurt4.根据构词法来猜测词义英语单词的构成方法主要有三种，即复合法、派生法和转化法。英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)、词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前头或后头加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super(超) inter(在之间) able(能的) mini(极少的，微型的) micro(极微小的) re(再，反复) sub(分支的，底下) co(共同)post(后) pre(前) trans(超越；转换) wards(向)some(易于的) mis(误；恶) un(不；非) in(不；非)im(不； 非) dis(不) non (不；非) less(不；无)anti(反；防) sino(中国) scope(景) hood(状态；性质；时期) proof(防的；不能穿透的) ship(身份；资格；权力；性质)under(在之下；低于；不足) ish(如的；有点儿的)15)He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.16)Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life. The underlined word “prolong” in the paragraph means _. A. save B. protect C. lengthen D. improve17)Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not bring so much material home in the first place.What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes.C. Making more products than necessary. D. Having more material than is needed.四、模拟实战AMillions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies they fly in seem limitless -miles of empty space. But, with the number offlights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists. Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control. People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of money is spent on new and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small percentage of this money is spent on navigation (导航) and other aids. Actually, suitable electronic equipment has long existed, and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft to take off, fly any distance, any land, whatever the weather. Yet, there are two problems to be solved. The first is to get governments, airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find a way of meeting these basic requirements.The underlined word collisions probably means A. accidents in which two planes hit each other B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers C. quarrels among passengers D. breakdowns of new types of instrumentBHaikou: A shark was killed after being dragged to shore at Ya-long Berth beach in Sanya, South Chinas Hainan Province, on Sunday afternoon. It was the first time a shark had been caught in the beach area, a popular tourist site in Hainan. Local fishermen said they caught the 3-meter-long, 1-tonshark by chance when they were fishing in sea water 1,000 meters deep near the beach. Police temporarily (暂时的) protected the shark while oceanographers decided whether it was a species belonging to State protection. Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale shark and therefore not under State protection. The shark was believed to have drifted into the area from the deep sea due to strong waves caused last week by Typhoon Imbudo. It had no open injuries but experts said they believed it suffered from internal (内部的) bleeding. Local police officer Fu Chenggeng said beachgoers should not feel threatened by sharks because the fish never attack human beings on their own initiative. Fu said he had never heard of any shark attacks at the Sanya beach since he first started work there eight years ago. However, police said they will improve the security system to safeguard tourists safety on the beach. Th