BEC口语考试资料jobsharing.doc

Job-sharingThere are a number of points to consider when arranging job-sharing.The first thing is to find someone you like. Because the person is your partner who coorperate with you in the same job in the different work time.The second thing is to organize and plan how you share the work. This can eliminate the confusion of the work while maintaining productivity, The third thing is to arrange a fixed time to communicate. Because you and your partner will do the same job in the different time so that you need a good communication and plan to improve efficiency.In addition(To sum up), job-sharing allows the employee to work part-time in order to spend more time with their families, attend school, or pursue other personal interests when we obey the rule of the job-sharing.FreelanceThere are a number of points to consider if you are a freelancer. The first thing is to own the ability of working independently. Some people can do little alone but working in the group. This kind of people cant do a good freelancer.The second thing is to organize and plan how you arrange the job of different company. Because you sell your work or services to a number of different companies, you must deal with the relationship of different jobs.The third is a good resource. That is for the company which you are working for cant offer you enough resource for a freelancer. In addition(To sum up), Working independently and on temporary contracts rather than for a long-term employer. (Notes: take the high road=do things in an ethical way) You sell your work or services to a number of different companies.HotdeskingMore productive use of office space; often involves, to a greater or lesser extent, eliminating personal ownership of desks. It is a method of sharing desks, with workers who are usually working elsewhere booking space to work. This has been made easier by the use of laptops and just being able to plug these straight into docking points at every desk. This allows workers to carry out their tasks anywhere when they are working from their own laptop. Advantages: Cost saving in furniture and overheads such as electricity, phone bills, computer maintenance, rent, air-conditioning, etc. Disadvantage: no personal territory or privacy. You dont have a permanent place or office to work at, but you find a place to work when you arrive.Shift Work Work that is broken into chunks of time, e.g. the day shift may be 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; the night shift midnight to 8 a.m., etc. Related Term: OT (overtime pay) You work during different parts of the day (eg. nights).TeleworkingA catch-all term describing any way of working at a distance using a combination of computers and telecommunications. It is often associated with home-based working, but includes mobile working, etc Compare: Work from Home vs. Work at HomeYou work for a company from home via email, phone or the Internet.TelecommutingThis term is used interchangeably with teleworking, and is the more common term in the US. The conceptual emphasis is on replacing the commute journey through electronic access to the workplace. Synonyms: telecommuter/home-based workerFlextimeFlextime (flexible work time) is the most popular flexible work arrangement that requires employees to work a standard number of hours each week but allows them to choose their own starting and quitting times. However, a portion of each day is designated as core time/hours when all employees must be present. You work a number of hours per week or month but you decide when you start or finish.Job-sharingAlternative work schedule in which two employees voluntarily share the responsibilities of one full time job, and receive salary and benefits on pro-rata basis (按比例均摊). For example, one person may work in a certain position Monday and Tuesday, and a second person may occupy that same position Thursday and Friday. The two people may both work on Wednesday and use that time to update each other on the current status of the various projects on which they collaborate. A variety of other arrangements are possible as well. Two or more workers share the duties of one full time job, with each person working on a part time basis.Examples: Two workers split the work of a single position 60%/40%, share the salary accordingly, and are in the office 2 days per week at the same time. Two workers share a single position and decide together when each will work and which tasks each will perform.TempingWorking short employment tasks with a variety of clients, usually through a temping agency or staffing firm. Previously temps were mostly administrative, but job-seekers can now find temping agencies covering most professions. Temping is great for building resume, learning skills, networking - and job flexibility and variety. You work for different companies for a short time without a permanent contract.Consultancy (顾问工作)The act of an individual or organization providing professional advice to others for a fee. A wide variety of consultants exist for many areas of organizational concerns, including management, accounting, finance, and legal and technical matters. You arent employed by a company, but are paid to give specialist advice.Part-year Work: Workers work only a certain number of months per year.Examples: A semi-retired accountant works for an accounting firm during its busy season from January through May. He takes the remainder of the year off to travel. A teacher works a nine-month year.You only work for some of the week (not full-time).What is important to remember when deciding what type of advertising to use?When deciding which type of advertising to use, the first thing is to consider the cost. The company should decide the type of advertising according to the budget. If it is so expensive that the company cannot afford it, it will cause unnecessary burden to the company.In addition to cost, also remember that it should reach vast number of target customers. For example, if the product aims at senior citizens, it should not choose the Internet because many senior citizens do not surf the internet at all. In this case, radio or newspapers can be good alternatives.Besides you should consider whether it is a short-term or long-term promotion. If the type of advertisement can provide you with long-term promotion of a product or service that can reach immense audience, it can still be cost-effective because it can reach vast number of people at a time at a considerable low price.What is important to remember about your target consumer when planning an advertising campaign?When panning advertising campaign, the first thing to consider is the age and fender of the target customer. Only when you know the age and gender of the target customer can you know their likes and dislikes, and the media they often have access to.It is also a good idea to consider the typical income of the target customers. Their typical income can tell you the type of products or services they may enjoy. Your advertising campaign will be futile if you are aiming at people with the wrong income groups.In addition, dont forget to make an investigation into what they read in order to select an appropriate type of advertising. If the target customer doesnt log on the Internet at all, launching your advertisement online will lead to nothing. Similarly, if target customers dont have the habit of reading newspapers, having your advertisement printed on newspapers will surely be a waste of money.What is important when arranging in-house training?There are a number of points to consider when arranging in-house training. The first thing is the training needs of staff. As we know, the object of training is the staff. Only when we know and meet their requirements, can we improve their knowledge and skills needed for higher quality performance and more effective work. Otherwise, it will be purposeless and a waste a time.The second thing to remember is the quality and influence of the trainer. To make the training effective, the trainer plays a very important role. A qualified trainer with great influence can make the training more professional, appealing and convincing. Since most staff nowadays are quite busy, they will not attend a training offered by an obscure, inexperienced and non-professional trainer.In addition to that, length of training should be well-planned. It cannot be too long or too short. A lengthy training may be tedious and exhaustive, while too short training may be fruitless.What is important when selecting applicants for a job?When selecting applicants for a job, the first thing to consider is their personal qualities. A candidate with relevant qualities can ensure that he or she has the required abilities, knowledge or techniques pertinent to that job. And companies dont have to prepare further training for them when they start work thus reduces costs.Secondly, a candidate needs to have previous working experience, since a person with lots of academic certificates may not know how to cope with real situations. However, a candidate with experience will find ti much easier to adapt himself or herself to the work environment and to play his or her role.Apart from these, you also need to consider the communicating ability of the candidate. By communicative skills, we mean having the ability to express ideas clearly, be cooperative and get on well with other people which will be very important for him or her to play a good part in the team work.what is important when placing a newspaper advert？1. Attentiona good advertisement should attract the consumer to direct their attention to the product of it.2. Interestthe introduction and publicity of an advertisement should arouse consumers great interest.3. Desirethe publicity of advertising should stimulate consumers desire to buy the product, and make them realize that this product is just what they want.4. Actionthe advertising makes consumer to respond to the advertising information and evoke them to take the action of purchasing.表示上升：climb, go up, ascend, shoot up，creep up, surge, boom, accrue, leap, soar, jump, increase, rally, rise, rocket, improve,表示下降：go down, fall, fall off, drop, slump, decline, decrease, plummet, slide, slip,shrink, dip, reduce, descend, sink, subside, ebb, creep down,到达顶部：top out, peak, reach a peak, reach the highest point, peak at.,触底：bottom out, hit a trough, reach a low point, reach the rock.稳定：level out, even out, remain stable/still/steady, stay constant,keep its stability, remain unchanged.变化急剧地：dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, considerably,significantly, markedly, surprisingly, noticeably, substantially.突然地：abruptly, suddenly平稳地：steadily, smoothly, slowly, marginally, gradually, moderately, mildly.波动：fluctuate, witness/display/demonstrate a fluctuation,go ups and downs, increase with fluctuation(波动式增长)Planning A Birthday Celebration TipsBirthday Celebrations & Favorite ActivitiesPlanning a birthday celebration? Some people focus birthday party ideas around favorite activities. Birthday celebrations and birthday gift ideas might center around golf, with the guests treating the guest of honor to 18 holes. Birthday celebrations-even surprise birthday parties-could center around another favorite sport-bowling. A group of friends looking for ideas for 50th birthday surprise party might consider meeting for a day of the honorees favorite activity. Activity based celebrations also eliminate any issues of where to host your special celebration.Birthday Party: Early GuestsGuests are excited about birthday celebrations. Some may arrive quite early, so when planning a birthday celebration, make sure you are dressed and ready 30 minutes before the celebration begins. Even if it means all the snacks may not be out and youre still pondering birthday party decoration ideas. Early arrivals can even help with getting things ready.Theme Helps Birthday CelebrationsWhen thinking about surprise birthday invitations consider a theme party. The theme might center around the guest of honors favorite sport or activity, such as golf, bowling or even basketball or film viewing. Once you choose a theme, invitations, food, decorations and birthday gift ideascan revolve around it. Themes make planning birthday celebrations easier.Birthday Gift Ideas: Charitable DonationSome people have difficulty coming up with womens birthday gift ideas. Birthday ideas are made easier if you consider a donation to the birthday girls favorite charity. Sometimes birthday invitations have a charitys name listed in lieu of personal gifts. If it does, you can come to the party donation check in hand. If not, you can learn the charitys name and contact it directly.Say Happy Birthday to You with a Mini-QuizLooking for some sweet 16 birthday party ideas? Creat a mini-quiz for party-goers centered on the birthday girl. Ask questions like How many brothers does she have, where was she born, whats her favorite sport or favorite color. The best game ideas for a teenage birthday party focus on the guest of honor, her likes and dislikes.优缺点Although TDCS can solve so important problems in communication , there are a lot of works we have to deal with. One coin has two sidesWhat is important when setting up your own business?I think there are three points must take in our consideration, they are enough fund support, determination and a profound market survey.The first myth to explode about running your own business is the notion that to start any business requires a lot of money. But most only require a very modest initial investment, and some require virtually no money at all to start them off! Secondly, the essence of running your own business with success is a matter of good planning. It is a strategic planning philosophy which works best, as seen in the Direct Drive idea. You plan what youre going to do, work out what kinds of things might go wrong, you are likely to be a suc