Competion and Cooperation 竞争与合作英语范文.doc

Competition and CooperationSome people think that in this modern society, there exists fierce competitions among people and companies. In fact, it is competition in every aspect that has given continuous motivation to the development of society. If there were no competition at all, there would be no chances for people to win. So the world would become completely static and people would be idle.However, more people think that cooperation has much more value than competition. Every single man is limited in his wisdom and strength. If we do not combine our efforts together, how can we make some great changes in the world? If we want to conquer the whole universe, we should stand together even closer to make our future brighter.In my opinion, both competition and cooperation are necessary in todays world. On the one hand, we should compete with each other and learn to be stronger in this process. On the other hand, we have to cooperate with each other if we do not want to be isolated in this world. Remember: One flower doesnt make a spring ， and one person doesnt make a world, people were born in a community, thus cooperation is a must.1999年英语专业八级作文试题学生写作PART V WRITING (60 MIN .)Some people claim that competition more important than co-operation in the present-day society. How far do you agree with these people ? you are to write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic: COMPETITION OR CO-OPERATION In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement , and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have witten to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be warded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【写作要点】1.第一部分（即第一段）交待论点，第二部分（可分为两段）展开讨论，以具体的细节来支持自己的观点。第三部分（即最后一段）总结第二部分的讨论，得出结论。2.写作时需注意内容、组织、语法和表达的得体性。3.试要求是问你在多大程度上赞同这些人的看法，或者在多大程度上不赞同这些人的看法，二者只需取其一。值得留心的是，需要回答的问题不是赞同（或不赞同），而是在多大程度上赞同（或不赞同）。因此，在提出自己的论点时需加上表示程度的语句，同时在展开论证时最好交待为什么不是完全支持其中的任何一种观点。4.字数要求为300词左右。【写作提纲】第1段:引出论题,可从某场题为“竞争与合作”的辩论入手,引出竞争与合作对于当今社会发展的巨大作用。然后，摆出某种极端观点，继而提出自己的观点，即部分支持该观点（如在当今社会中竞争比合作更重要）。第2段：给出主题句，说明该观点的合理之处至少有几个方面。首先，竞争是时代和社会形势的需要。在经济全球化的浪潮中，各种市场背景皆是残酷无情的，优胜劣汰，只有通过竞争，产品才会不断完善，只有通过竞争，人才能不断充实、完善自己。在当今社会，竞争是发展的动力源，竞争可以激发个人和社会潜力，犹如在竞技体育中一样，正是出于竞争，人们在不断突破人类极限，超越自我。其次，在当今社会，引进竞争机制和观念有利于打破长期禁锢国人的消极均衡主义思想，鼓励先进，鞭笞惰性。由此及其他，可见竞争的重要性是无法估量的。第3段：给出主题句，指出该观点也有其不尽合理之处。例如，这一看法会容易使人看不到竞争的消极方面。因此，这一看法容易使人忽视合作的重要性和必要性，合作和竞争都是社会民展所必需的。许多重大成果或发现都是合作的结晶。有不少大型项目（如人类基因组解码工程）就是典型的跨国合作。第4段：总结上面的讨论，重申自己的观点。再作进一步的引申，例如，指出我们应正确处理合作与竞争的关系，否则会酿出不良的后果。理智的做法是，在合作基础上竞争，在竞争中合作。 【习作参考】Competition or Cooperation? Last week, our department held an English debate on which was more important in the present-day society, cooperation or competition. The affirmative side argued for the priority of cooperation as opposed to competition, whereas the negative side defended the reverse. After a tug-of-war, neither side seemed to gain enough ground. Finally, the affirmative side won, largely thanks to our traditional preference for cooperation. I was neither a contestant nor a referee at that time. if I had been either of them, I would, in support of the negative side, have drummed for the contention that competition is more important than cooperation in the current situation. To start with, competition is a pervasive necessity that grows out of the modern times. High school students need to compete for entrance into top universities. University students must compete for academic recognition and a bright future. Employees should compete for prospects of promotion and pay raises, if some compete for good things, some others have to compete in order to avoid bad things: failure to pursue further education, inability to graduate with a degree, or loss of hopes to prolong employment. In the context of economic globalization, domestic manufacturers also must compete with their international counterparts. With survival at stake, they will take the initiative to upgrade their products and better their services. Cooperation may also contribute to he improvements, but it may prove ineffective when the interests of the parties involves are at odds, rove ineffective when the interests of the parties involves are at odds, which is often the case in todays society. Moreover, competition is the source of greater dynamic power than cooperation today. Where individualism counts, the pressure from competition can help to tap ones potential. This is best exemplifies by athletic sports. By virtue of competition man gets to know his limits. In the course of competition, we aspire to do our best and perfect ourselves. If China is to prosper in the new century, we Chinese people, from intellectuals to the illiterate, must take an active part in the competition and survive all challenges from within and abroad. Competition ensues from the operation and advance of market economy. In the new system, one gets paid by how much he does and how well he does it. With their own interests involved, people naturally do their uttermost to take care of their concerns. In fact, only with the introduction of competitive mechanism can we effectively crash the egalitarianism that has bound the Chinese people for centuries, so that industry is encouraged and laziness is punished. In this connection, cooperation does not seem to work.Of course, the emphasis on the primacy of competition above dose not entail the rejection of cooperation is essential when an individual endeavour promises no positive results. These are such occasions in the present society For instance, the well known multinational collaboration project on the decoding of human genome engaged a constellation of scientists from different countries and regions. Even in a common laboratory, cooperation in one form or another is highly valued and practiced. To sum up, competition figures more significantly than cooperation in the present-day society for varied reasons. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that given its dominant role competition is no substitute for cooperation. A rational attitude might be to practise role competition on the basis of cooperation and foster cooperation in the course of competition. 竞争的好Competition is a way of life in todays world. The capitalist society encourages competition. Individuals and companies alike, for the sake of survival in competition, must continue to improve their services and products, and as a result, the entire society prospers, at least economically. 没有竞争的坏 American people do not allow their governments to operate any business as they believe that the government-run business will be ineffective due to lack of competition.China has certainly experienced the vitality of this competitiveness in the past decade since her adoption of the Reform and Opening Up policy.In the past decade, we have seen computers shrinking in size, increasing in power, and declining in price. We have also seen a rapid expansion of telecommunications networking at a reducing price. All of these good things happen only because of competition. We witness competition not only in business alone. Competition appears in many forms. The Olympic Games is a form of competition, and so are college or university entrance examinations and presidential elections.竞争的坏Competition is not always a good thing to have.As we all know, competition in the form of arms race among powers is a waste of limited resources that we have on this planet, and will bring massive destruction to humankind. Sibling rivalry（同胞互斗）is another form of competition that is not healthy. It will inscribe damaging scars in the heart of family members.However, the cost of competition is very high.If librarians and information professionals compete and take pride in improving access to information for their patrons and in reducing the cost of the access, this limited sense of competition is healthy and a good thing to have.全球化，现代化，互相交流，互相依赖。好总结In view of ever increasing speed of transportation and telecommunications, we live in a global village. Interaction and interdependence are no longer a luxury or an option, unless one wishes to be left out and left behind.合作的坏Cooperation in the form of monopoly（垄断） or price-fixing is illegal in the capitalist world as it kills the spirit of competition. 合作的好In short, competition is in order when there is not enough room for everyone to be a winner, and therefore, competition is to separate winners from losers. On the other hand, cooperation is the only driving force that will make every participant a winner. 引用 合作的好：The benefit of cooperation is beautifully summed up in Bible as follows:Though one may be overpowered, two can defend themselves. A cord of three strands is not quickly broken.通过竞争成功 可口可乐 有意培养的 百事可乐 这么一个竞争对手In 1931, Pepsi Cola Company was on the brink of bankruptcy, Caleb Bradham, its president, once tried to sell the company to Coca Cola Company and he was rejected. However, just when Pepsi was on the horns of a dilemma, it received the financial assistance from Coca Cola and rode out of the storm of crisis. Then the two cola companies start the competition for over eighty years. Now the tow companies occupy the three quarter of the market share of the cola business in the world. 亚当斯密国富论对西方经济学有重要的影响：他主张劳动生产率的提高是社会分工的结果。认为自由竞争是永恒不变的法则，人的本性是利己的，而追求个人利益则是人们从事经济活动的巨大动力，通过自由竞争可以达到个人福利和社会幸福的和谐“Wealth of Nations” has important influence on western economics: He maintains that the improvement of the labor productivity is a result of the division of labor in society, that the free competition is an eternal rule not changed, that human nature is egoistic, that it is to pursue the individual interests that is the enormous motive force for the people are engaged in the economic activity, and that one can find the personal welfare and the society can be harmonious through free competition. 从竞争走向合作的转折段：life isnt pure competition. If it were, the stress would kill us at an early age. We wouldnt get very far either, with everyone fighting everyone else over every little issue.there is another side to relationships called cooperation.例子 We design airplanes, build roads and play basketball in teams.例子 篮球 How could a basketball team ever win a game if every player who got the ball hogged（拱） it to themselves and took whatever shot they could? No, its the team score at the end that matters and determines who wins the game. If our team wins, we all win.更大的合作原因是当今社会的问题复杂，光专家难解决：In this super-modern world, tasks are more complex and there are more specialists: In an orchestra, in the workplace, in the creation of a film, on many jobs, we know that we have to work in teams. 个人主义I would certainly agree that to be individual seems almost to be a moral imperative in our society. Let me suggest, however, that individualism is an extremely complicated concept - a trait that in practice is anything but completely flattering.独立成功Yves Saint Laurent, the famous French fashion designer, once served for Christian Dior since 1936. His talent was recognized soon and he was given a good emolument, however, in 1965, he set up his own brand, Yves Saint Laurent. Today, YSL has become a famous fashion brand equally popular to Christian Dior.Competition & CooperationSelf-Supporting, Competition or Cooperation: An IntroductionFrom: /felsing/ala/ahwang.htmlCompetition and cooperation are two driving forces for the advancement of human civilization. Any one who is not interested in competition or cooperation will be left out and left behind.Competition is a way of life in todays world. The capitalist society encourages competition. Individuals and companies alike, for the sake of survival in competition, must continue to improve their services and products, and as a result, the entire society prospers, at least economically. Cooperation in the form of monopoly or price-fixing is illegal in the capitalist world as it kills the spirit of competition. American people do not allow their governments to operate any business as they believe that the government-run business will be ineffective due to lack of competition. China has certainly experienced the vitality of this competitiveness in the past decade since her adoption of the Reform and Opening Up policy.In the past decade, we have seen computers shrinking in size, increasing in power, and declining in price. We have also seen a rapid expansion of telecommunications networking at a reducing price. All of these good things happen only because of competition. We witness competition not only in business alone. Competition appears in many forms. The Olympic Games is a form of competition, and so are college or university entrance examinations and presidential elections. Although competition advances human civilization, it also separates winners from losers. It can not, and does not produce win-win situation. （双赢的结果）As a result of competition, some are happy and others sad (Ji Jia Huan Le, Ji Jia Chou).Competition is not always a good thing to have. As we all know, competition in the form of arms race among powers is a waste of limited resources that we have on this planet, and will bring massive destruction to humankind. Sibling rivalry is another form of competition that is not healthy. It will inscribe damaging scars in the heart of family members.Is competition a proper driving force for the advancement of libraries and information centers? If librarians and information professionals compete and take pride in improving access to information for their patrons and in reducing the cost of the access, this limited sense of competition is healthy and a good thing to have. Competition is necessary only when there is not enough room for everybody to be a winner. However, the cost of competition is very high. Librarians and information professionals are not in the business to compete against one another.Opposite from competition is isolation in the name of self-supporting. The Chinese saying, making a buggy behind a closed door (Bi Men Cao Ju)（闭门造车？） signifies an attitude that leads to failure. In view of ever increasing speed of transportation and telecommunications, we live in a global village. Interaction and interdependence are no longer a luxury or an option, unless one wishes to be left out and left behind.In short, competition is in order when there is not enough room for everyone to be a winner, and therefore, competition is to separate winners from losers. On the other hand, cooperation is the only driving force that will make every participant a winner. The benefit of cooperation is beautifully summed up in Ecclesiastes 4:12 of the Bible as follows:Though one may be overpowered, two can defend themselves. A cord of three strands is not quickly broken.Cooperation among libraries and information centers makes every one a winner. Over 23,000 libraries in 63 countries and territories that are users of OCLC can testify the benefit the cooperation, as OCLC represents the most successful story of cooperation of libraries and information centers throughout the world.Co-Opetition vs CompetitionWhen Cooperating With Your Competitors is Good Business StrategyBy: John SheplerThere is an odd but effective business principle that goes by the name co-opetition. Its a combination of cooperation and competition that offers the counter intuitive possibility for rivals to benefit from each others seemingly competitive activities. In short, there are circumstances where having more players to cut the pie means bigger pieces of pie for everyone. Thats co-opetition.Thats not the way most of us learned to deal with the world. Weve been taught that to get anywhere you need to be a player, and players are competitive. After all, there is only so much to go around. Youll have to fight to get your share of the economic pie. You have to dive in there and get your piece of that pie before theres nothing left but crumbs. Worse yet, its a shrinking pie. The pieces are getting smaller and harder to come by. Reach in. Grab a slice and run before someone mugs you and takes even that away.This is competition. It has winners and losers. Weve all watched the Olympics. Anybody can see that there is only one tallest podium for the gold medal and two shorter ones for the silver and bronze. After that its nothing. Just the anonymity of the also-rans, those who didnt make it to the top and now fade into obscurity. Losers.Who is your competition? Everyone. Well, at least everyone who is after the same things that you are. Remember the pie and the medals. You have to get there first and strongest. If you cant do that, you at least have to find a way to hold everybody else back. Business is sometimes referred to as war, with the metaphors of war: killing the competition, beating them bloody.Now we all know that life isnt pure competition. If it were, the stress would kill us at an early age. We wouldnt get very far either, with everyone fighting everyone else over every little issue. Wed soon starve.if we lived that long. No, there is another side to relationships called cooperation. Call it family, call it friendship, call it mutual support. We get together in groups to do those things that are larger than one person. We design airplanes, build roads and play basketball in teams. We gladly help others to win because we know that when they win, we win too. How could a basketball team ever win a game if every player who got the ball hogged it to themselves and took whatever shot they could? No, its the team score at the end that matters and determines who wins the game. If our team wins, w