高级英语第二册教学重难点.doc

Book Two Lesson One :The Company in Which I Work1.重点：了解有关作者的背景知识：Joseph Heller 是当今美国著名的黑色幽默大师，其代表作为 Catch-22 （第二十二条军规）黑色幽默的特点：把被讽刺的对象置于痛苦、病态或有些可笑的不合理事件中，进行戏剧性地辛辣讽刺，视人的痛苦为荒唐与无奈，而不是给予同情。中心思想：作者通过描写公司里员工们荒唐可笑或乏味无奈的行为以及痛苦的心态，讽刺了大公司对人性的摧残，讽刺了为争名夺利而牺牲了人的尊严的可悲。词汇知识：了解若干形容词与副词的词汇知识courteous, elation, envious, fitfully, gregarious, inescapable,ingenious,melancholy。2难点： He makes it clear to me every now and then that.every now and then: from time to time ：时而，不时e.g.: We go to the bookshop every now and then. 我们时常去书店。And I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time.take up ones time: 占用某人时间e.g.: You shouldnt take up our teachers time.你不该占用我们老师的时间。Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial. in the long run: ultimatelye.g.: He will regret in the long run for what he did.他终究会对自己做的事情后悔的。 They are.,always on the verge of failure. on the verge of: very close to, on the border of 处于.的边缘 e.g.: The couple is on the verge of divorce. 这对夫妻濒临离婚。 , for fear they may start doing worse.for fear: in order that. should not occur 由于害怕e.g.: I darent tell you what he did, for fear he should be angry with me.我不能将他所做的事情告诉你，因为怕他对我发脾气。 For the most part, they are cheerful, confident and gregarious. for the most part: in most cases, mostly 多半，就绝大部分而言 e.g.: The students could for the most part follow my lecture. 学生们大都能了解我的讲课内容。 本文从第一人称角度详细叙述，条理清楚，但学生仍需仔细品味黑色幽默的写作手法所带来的深层讽刺意味。Lesson Two : Eveline1 重点：l 作者背景：James Joyce爱尔兰作家詹姆斯乔伊斯是公认的西方现代派作家的代表人物，他毕生的实践大大丰富了小说的表现手法。他善于用多层次结构、象征、时空错置、意识流等技巧，在艺术上突破了传统的陈规，对20世纪西方文学的发展有着深远的影响。 本文选自作者的短篇小说集都柏林人，该小说集的主题是：都柏林生活的麻木状态。 意识流及其创作手法： a continuous flow of ideas, thoughts, and feelings, as they are experienced by a person: a style of writing that expresses this without using the usual methods of description and conversation. 中心思想：本文通过刻画女主人公伊芙林宁可过着无可奈何、无能为力的麻木生活，也没有勇气摆脱这个环境而跟着情人去开创新的生活，来表明了作者对都柏林生活的强烈不满和抨击。 词汇知识：掌握部分动词和形容词的用法知识elated, fervent, inhale, invariable, mournful, muse,pitiful,squabble,tumble,unaccustomed,undesirable。2 难点： Little Keogh used to keep nix.keep nix: watch out 警戒e.g.:That little boy likes to keep nix for his brothers.那个小男孩喜欢为他的哥哥们望风。 She had always had an edge on herhave an edge on sb.: have an advantage over somebody 较某人占优势，胜过某人e.g.:Tom has an edge on his sister in school.汤姆在学校里比他妹妹学得好。 When they were growing up he had never gone for her.go for sb.: attack sb. 攻击某人e.g.: The dog went for the postman as soon as he opened the garden gate.邮递员一打开花园的门，那狗便向他扑了过去。 .and say what he would do to her only for her dead mothers sake.for sbs sake: for the benefit of; because of a desire for 为了.起见；为了.的好处e.g.: Ill help you for your fathers sake.为了你父亲，我才要帮你。 She elbowed her way through the crowds and.elbow ones way through: push ones way through 挤进e.g.: The mother elbowed her way through the crowds to look for her son.那母亲挤进人群找她的儿子。 When she had been laid up for a day, hebe laid up: sb. is forced to stay in bed 某人被迫卧床休息e.g.:He was laid up with flu for a few days. 流行性感冒使他卧床数日。 本文没有什么故事情节，没有传统意义上的高潮。作者对人物不加渲染刻画，不作评论。呈现在读者面前的只是粗线条的轮廓加上少量的细节，而细节又极其平淡无奇，很难使人一下子看出其中的含义。这就需要学生仔细梳理女主人公的现实处境和面临的抉择，体味作者的协作意图。Lesson Three: Whats Wrong With Our Press?1 重点： 议论文的目的：（1）列出强有力的论据，来说明一个道理。（2）以大量的令人信服的论据，使读者接纳作者的观点。（3）在给出的几种解决问题的方案中，以最有力的事实为依据，说明最佳方案。本文的目的属第二种。 中心思想：作者认为电视不可取代报纸，图像不可能取代文字，并呼吁报业同仁努力改善报纸，使它发挥应有的传媒作用。 词汇知识：掌握部分形容词与副词的相关知识balanced, featureless, harried, justified, opposing, predominantly,profoundly,pungent,rabid, superficial。2 难点： Well, lets get the partisan bit over with.get sth. over :cause sb. to understand it 使某人了解某事e.g.:The government should have got the fact over to the public.政府本应该让公众了解事实。 .confines himself to only one pungent footnote on his subject. confine to: keep or hold, restrict within limits 限制，限于范围内 e.g.: Please confine your remarks to the subject we are debating. 请你发言不要离开我们讨论的题目。 But by and large, the news reports and commentaries,. make every effort to prevent viewers with more than one aspect of an issue.by and large: 大体而言，一般而论e.g.: By and large, she gave us a lot of help.总的来说， 她给了我们很多帮助。 ., television caters far too much to the lowest instincts of man,.cater to: supply what is desired or required to; pander to 提供，迎合e.g.: Some tabloid newspapers cater to low tastes.有些小型报纸迎合低级趣味。 in the light of the opposing onein the light of : with the help given by or gained from 按照，根据e.g.: We should apply these rules in the light our own specific conditions.我们应该按照我们的具体情况应用这些规定。 I pick the local paper to find this enjoyment or interest in vainin vain: without the desired result 无效地；无结果地；徒然e.g.: All our work was in vain.我们的一切工作均归徒然。 And this resistance to change is the end of growth-which, in turn, marks the end of usefulness.in turn: in succession 依次，轮流e.g.: Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，又转过来为实践服务。 本文说理性强，条理清晰，论点明确，论据充分而且详实，易于理解。Lesson Four : The Tragedy of Old Age in America.1重点： 东西方在对待老年方面的差异：老年在西方是禁忌，在美国也不例外；而在东方，尤其在中国，老年是受人尊敬的年龄段。 委婉语：an indirect word or phrase that people often use to refer to sth embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is. 中心思想：作者通过把舆论宣传中描述的美国老人现状与实际情况想比较，说明在美国，老年人的悲惨境况，老年妇女和少数民族老年人的境遇就更差了。词汇知识：掌握大部分名词与形容词的用法与含义adversity, arbitrary, bittersweet, defective,deprivation,desolation,dignified,existential,humiliating,inhospitable,insensibility,inter-connected, scant, self-reliance。2难点： In reality, the way one experiences old age is contingent uponbe contingent upon: be dependent upon视.而定；有条件的e.g.: Our picnic plan is contingent upon weather conditions.我们的郊游计划视天气情况而定。 The old completing their prescribled life span and making way for the young.make way for: allow space or a free passage 为.让路e.g.: All traffic has to make way for a fire-engine.行人车辆皆应给救火车让路。 Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and th imminence of deathderive from: have as a starting point, source or origin 源出，起源e.g.: Thousands of English words derive from Latin.英语有成千上万的词源于拉丁语。 They must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as a part of the aging experience. adjust to : set right; put in order 调整；调节e.g.: You cant see well through a telescope unless it is adjusted correctly to your sight.除非你把望远镜准确地调节到适合你的视力，否则你就看不清楚。 Many more must deprive themselves of essentials to keep their homes in repair.deprive of : take away from; prevent from using or enjoying 剥夺，使丧失e.g.: What would a student do if he were deprived of his books?一个学生假若没了书籍将怎么办？ Employers rarely make concessions for the possible physical limitations of otherwise valuable older employees, and instead they are fired, retired or forced to resign.make concessions : make an exception in sbs favor; give in 让步；通融e.g.: Both parties made no concessions to each other, so the negotiation ended in failure.由于双方都不让步，谈判以失败而告终。 However, patterns of immigration by Asian-Americans to this country, the cultural barriers, language problems and discrimination they have faced have all taken a toll of their elderly and their families.take a toll of : sacrifice; lose 夺去，使遭受.伤亡e.g.: The plane crash took a heavy toll of lives. 那次坠机事件使很多人丧生。 本文运用对比鲜明的事例，说理清晰，反问句运用起到了很强的说理和启发作用，学生可以对比中国老年的状况，感受作者笔下的美国老人悲惨的现实境遇。Lesson Five ：Trifles (Part One)1重点： 作者背景知识：Susan Glaspell(18821948)苏珊格拉斯帕尔，美国著名戏剧作家，与丈夫乔治库克共同创作执导并致力于非商业性的先锋派独幕剧的表演，她的代表作艾丽森之屋于1931年获得普立策奖。她的作品具有女性主义色彩，主题大多是狭隘的生存环境如何制约了人的潜在能力的充分发展。 戏剧欣赏的三要素：人物，对话，主题。 本文主题：本文通过五个人物的对话（三男，两女），在探讨赖特被谋杀这个问题上，反映出赖特夫人（被拘重大嫌疑人物），在其人生追求被扼杀后产生的杀人悲剧。 词汇：homemaking,pleat,preserves,rocker,slick,snoop,strangle, trifle,unbend。2. 难点I want you to know I had my hands full yesterday. have ones hands full: to be busy with sth. 忙于做某事 e.g.: David always has his hands full with the work, so he seldom goes shopping with his wife. 大卫总是忙于工作，很少陪妻子去购物。 I spoke to Wright about it once before and he put me off, .put sb off: make excuses and try to avoid 闪避，敷衍e.g.: He tried to put me off with vague promises.他企图以含混的允诺来敷衍我。 To be sure._ Yes!to be sure: it is admitted, granted 诚然， 的确e.g.: Mary is not pretty, to be sure, but she is very intelligent.诚然，玛丽不漂亮，但是她却非常聪明。 But I would like to see what you take, Mrs. Peters, and keep an eye out for anything that might be of use to us.Keep an eye (on) : keep a watch on 注意，留神e.g.: Keep your eye on the baby while I go out shopping.我外出购物时，你要留心照顾孩子。 I think maybe thats why she kept so much to herself.keep to oneself: avoid meeting people 不与别人交往e.g.: Sally has kept to herself since her husband died.自从丈夫去世以来，萨莉就不再与别人交往。 本课语言简练，对人物的刻画细致入微，要求学生根据括号中人物对话时的动作和神情描述仔细品味，它们对主题的展现也有至关重要的作用。Lesson Six : Trifles (Part Two)1重点 同第五课词汇：Comprehension, covert, facetiously, falter, fidget, lonesome, superstitious, wring.2难点 He didnt drink, and kept his word as well as most.Keep ones word: keep ones promise 信守诺言e.g.: He always keeps his word so you can rely upon him.他总是信守诺言，所以你可以信赖他。 Now lets go up again and go over it piece by piece.piece by piece: one at a time 一件件地，逐渐地e.g.: We have to clean the big house piece by piece.我们得一点一点地清扫这个大房子。 The two women sit there not looking at one another, but as if peering into something.peer into: look closely 凝视，盯着看e.g.: The old man peered into dark corners.老人凝视着黑暗的角落。 Catch herself.-Mrs. Peters stopped speaking suddenly.Catch oneself: stop speaking suddenly; shut up 突然住嘴e.g.: Tom caught himself, knowing that he had said something unsuitable.意识到自己说了些不合时宜的话，汤姆突然住嘴不说了。 Very nervously begins winding this around the bottle.Wind something around something: fold or wrap closely 包紧，围紧，裹好e.g.: Amy wound a heavy scarf around her neck.艾米用一条厚围巾裹着脖子。 Under her breath.- Mrs. Hales speaks in a whisper.under ones breath: in a whisper 低声地说某事e.g.: “Turn down the television. Little Tom is sleeping,” my mother spoke to me unde her breath.妈妈小声对我说：“把电视关小点声音，小汤姆在睡觉。” She .goes to pieces, stands there helpless.go to pieces: (of a person) break up physically, mentally or morally （肉体，精神，或道德）崩溃e.g.: Learning that their only son died in an unexpected accident, the old couple went to pieces.得知他们的唯一的儿子在一场意外事故中丧生，这对老夫妇精神彻底崩溃了。 本课仍要求学生仔细揣摩两位女性角色的心理活动，来获得准确无误的主题思想。Lesson Seven : Ace in the Hole1.重点： 作者及本文来源： John Updike, 约翰厄普代克1932年出生于宾州，毕业于哈佛大学，他的主要作品有小说兔子，跑吧(“Rabbit, Run” ），兔子回家 (“Rabbit Redux” ），兔子富了 (“Rabbit Is Rich” ）等。本文选自他的短篇小说集同一闩门 (“The Same Door” ）。 主题思想：本文通过主人公弗雷德安德森因工作中的小失误而遭受解聘，从而害怕面对妻子，心中忐忑不安，以及如何尽量回避冲突和矛盾以求一时之安，反映了50年代美国中产阶级下层青年的无可奈何的生存状态。 词汇：动词与名词的含义及其用法accelerator, exhale, ignition, jerk, rave, scrub, stink, virility.2难点： But I wanted to keep at it, for the familys sake.keep a something: work at; not give up 不息地做e.g.: As long as you keep at it, you will succeed sooner or later.只要你坚持下去，你迟早会成功。 Ace chose to let that go by.go by : pass 经过 e.g.: We waited for the procession to go by.我们等着那行列走过。 Bonnie is a dear little girl, but without a doubt shes her mothers daughter.without a doubt: doubtlessly 毫无疑问e.g.: Without a doubt, somebody must have broken into the house when we were away.毫无疑问，在我们不在时肯定有人闯入过这个房子。 What the hell do you think -I read her tiny mind.read ones mind: to understand what the other person thinks 看出某人的心思e.g.: The boy likes to stay along and no one can read his mind.这个男孩喜欢独处，没人能猜出他的心思。 If youd been on your feet all day a block would look like one hell of a long way.be on ones feet: be standing 站立着e.g.: Im tired out for I have been on my feet all day.我特别累，因为我已经站了一整天了。 I cut that smart stuff out ever since Palotta laid me off.cut out: stop doing or using 戒除，不用e.g.: His doctor told him he must cut out tabacco.他的医生告诉他必须戒烟。lay somebody off: dismiss somebody temporarily 暂时解雇e.g.: The boss laid off his workmen because of the shortage of materials.由于原料短缺，老板将工人暂时解雇。 Im fed up.- I have had too much.be fed up: have had too much; be discontented 因多而厌恶，不满e.g.: I am fed up with your grumbling.我听够了你的怨言。 本课作者使用的是典型的口语化语言，生动有趣，有助于烘托生活气息。对男主人公的心理刻画也极其细腻深刻。Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper1重点 作者简介：Philp Wylie (1902-1971)菲利普瓦易力这位美国作家，因其辛辣的小品文而著名，他所撰写的，恶毒的一代 (“Generation of Vipers”)，极大地讽刺、攻击了美国社会上的种种现象。 中心思想：本文以详实的论据阐明了伪科学和经济学给美国食品带来的影响，并说明食用这种食品的美国人会从身体素质的下降，最终导致自己变成平庸，失去原先所崇尚的自由和个性观念。 词汇：形容词和名词的含义与用法cookery, dweller, hypothesis, imperishable, individualistic, mediocrity, obesity, pronounced, standardization, venerable.2难点 I have, in one field, contributed a monograph to a scientific journal.contribute. to : (write articles, etc.) and send in （为.） 写 （文章等）；投稿e.g.: Mr. Smith has contributed poems to th “London Magazine” for several years.史密斯先生向伦敦杂志投稿已经有几年了。 A grocer used to be very fussy about his cheese.be fussy about: showing close attention to detail 为琐事担忧的e.g.: Our teacher is too fussy about our clothes.我们老师对我们的衣服过于挑剔。 Chain groceries shut out the independent stores.shut out : keep out; exclude; block 将关在外面；排除；遮住e.g.: These buildings, when completed, will shut out our view of the sea.这些建筑物一旦完工就挡住了我们看海的视线了。 For years, I couldnt figure out what had happened to vegetables.figure out: think about until one understands 想出，理解e.g.: I cant figure out why he said so.我无法理解他为什么这么说。 Homes and restaurants do what they can with this stuff-which my mother-in-law would discard on the spot.on the spot: then and there; immediately 当场，立即e.g.: If you become noisy, you must leave on the spot.如果你吵闹，你就必须立即离开。 Without thinking, we are making an important confession about ourselves as a nation.make a confession : admit; acknowledge 自白；承认e.g.: The accused made a full confession.那被告供认不讳。 作者的观点略显偏激，但是他巧妙地利用夸张手法和讽刺性的评语，强化了他的论点和论据的效果，这是本文的语言特点。Lesson Nine: Ill Never Escape the Ghetto1.重点 作者背景：虽然难以从其他资料上查到作者的情况，但是从他自传性的叙述中我们仍能获得点滴。他与其他黑人不同，在完成 八年的高等教育之后，主动回到自己的家乡黑人区，并决心为全体黑人的共同利益而努力。 中心思想；作者以自己的切身体会来说明在60年代风起云涌的美国黑人民权运动时代，仅有个人的成功并不等于美国黑人问题的解决，美国黑人问题需要所有黑人共同努力奋斗去解决，尤其需要受过良好教育的黑人的领导和献身，从而表达了自己的决心和今后的努力方向。 词汇：掌握名词与形容词的意义与用法affectionate, compelling, contrived, deliverance, indifference, irreversible, manifestation, militancy, mentality, regrettably, retraction, traumatic。2难点 For no reasonable man, they said, returns to Watts by choice.by choice: by preference; if one must select 凭着喜欢；出于选择e.g.: I should take this one by choice.我要选择这个。 The talented young people left Watts in droves. in droves : in groups 成群结队e.g.: People came in droves to welcome their heros.人们成群结队地出来欢迎他们的英雄。 “South Los Angeles”, geographically identical to Watts, carried none of the latters stigma.be identical to : be the same; exactly alike 同一样的；完全相同的e.g.: This knife is identical to the one which the murder was committed.这便是谋杀时所用的那把刀子。 Somehow, the Watts things interfered with my new college life. interfere with : come into opposition; prevent 妨害；干扰 e.g.: The noise of traffic interfered with my sleep. 交通的噪音使我睡不着。 At Oxford, I could reflect on the American black man.reflect on: consider; think on 考虑；思考e.g.: I must reflect on how to answer that question. 我必须思考一下如何答复那个问题。 The parallel between a single individuals success and the bootstrap effort of the mass of ghetto youth is and remains too tenuous to comport with port with : suit, be in harmony with 适合；相称；一致e.g.: His conduct did not comport with his position.他的举止与他的地位比相称。 My interest in the law stems from a concern for the future of Watts.stem from : arise from; have an origin 发生；源于；来自e.g.: This is an error stemming from miscalculation.这是一个计算错误。 本文是一篇自传性文章，学生应该把握它写就的历史背景来掌握作者不同于他人的观点与意图。Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge1.重点 文体：说明文。说明文的目的在于解释或者给读者提供某类信息。它可以采用叙述过程、对比、下定义、分类、时空顺序、或因果缘由等方式来展示。本文采用的是分类法。 中心思想：在日趋激烈的市场竞争中，有的公司业绩平平，有的成绩显著。本文以三种类型的例子来说明这些公司是如何成为行业的佼佼者的。词汇：Assortment,attribute, contingency, deliberate, differentiate, pharmaceutical, relentlessly, sophisticated, wearability.2难点With Nike, the superior value does not reside just in its athletic footwear reside in : be the property of , be present in 为.所有，存在于 e.g.: The supreme authority resides in the president. 最高权力掌握于总统手中。 Cable & Wireless, for example, practices customer intimacy with a vengeancewith a vengeance: thoroughly; to a greater degree than what is normal or expected 彻底地，极端地e.g.: The rain came down with a vengeance.雨下得很大。 Behind the scenes, Price/Castco follows an operating model.behind the scenes : in secret, not known to the public 秘密地，未公开地e.g.: We shall never know what went on behind the scenes.我们永远也不会知道私下发生了什么事。 Vistakons high-speed production facility helped give the company a six-month head start over would-be rivals.get/(give sb.) a head start over sb. else : get advantageous position 让某人比某人占优势e.g.: He got a head start over his opponents.他比他的对手占优势。 Caught off guard, the competition never caught up.Be off guard : be unprepared against an attack or surprise 未戒备，不提防e.g.: He struck me while I was off my guard.他在我不提防时袭击我。 Companies that focus on product leadership see o