高考必备的词汇(2016年考生必下载).doc

高考词汇表重点词汇讲解撰稿：王俊宏 审稿：牛新革 责编：陈玉莲高考词汇表重点词汇讲解givevt. & vi. (gave, given) 给；赠与；授予；献出；提出；举行Give our best wishes to your father. （给）He was given the award of Best Actor last year. （授予）Liu Hulan gave her life to the motherland. （献出）give advice on （提出）；give a concert / talk / lecture （举行）词组：give away 分发；泄露give back 归还give in 屈服，让步give off 发出give out 发出；分发；耗尽，筋疲力尽give up 让；放弃govi. (went, gone) 去；离开；属于；运转；进行；变成Where does this road go? （通向）Everything went well with me. （运转，进行）词组：go fishing / hunting / shopping / sightseeing / skating / boatinggo to school / church go mad 发疯go bad 变质go about 从事go after 追求go against 违反；不利于go ahead 前进；可以go by 走过；过去go down 下去；下降go for 去取；努力获取go in for 从事；酷爱go on 进行；继续（可以接with sth. 或doing sth.）go out 出去；熄灭go over 仔细检查；复习go round/around 四处走动；流传go through 经历；浏览；做完go up 上升；增长go with 与相配go wrong 出毛病goodadj. 好的；有益的；擅长的 n. 利益，好处；好，善good eyesight a good many Its good for your health to take a walk in the morning.He is good at painting.Its no good arguing with him 跟他争吵没有用。词组：be no good 没有用；不好do good to / do sb good对有益graden. 等级；年级；评分 vt. 给评分The jewels are of the highest grade.He is in Grade 3.The papers are being graded. 正在评卷。graduaten. 毕业生 vi. 毕业 （和from连用） adj. 研究生的He is a graduate of Yale.He graduated from Oxford University. take a graduate course in physics 攻读研究生物理课程a graduate student 研究生扩展： graduation n. 毕业graspvt. 抓住；理解 n. 抓；掌握Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失。He is ready to grasp any opportunity. I didnt grasp his meaning.词组：have a thorough grasp of 彻底了解beyond / within sb.s grasp 为某人所不能 / 能够理解growvi. (grew, grown) 生长；变得；产生 vt. 种植；留（须、发等）Rice grows in warm climates. (vi.)He has grown six inches taller. (vi.)It began to grow dark. (vi.)Rice is grown in the south. (vt.)词组： grow up 成熟；长大扩展：growth n. 生长；发展habitn. 习惯Habit is second nature.词组：be in the habit of 有的习惯fall into / get into the habit of 沾染上的习惯form / develop / have the/a habit of 养成/有的习惯halfn. 一半 adj. 一半的 adv. 一半地；差不多Cut the apple in half (=into halves).one hour and a half = one and a half hourshalf an hour 半个小时Dont leave the work half done. 工作不要半途而废。handn. 手；指针；人手；帮助；方面 vt. 传递Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。Please hand me the book. / Please hand the book to me.词组：at hand 在手边；在附近；即将到来by hand 用手，手工give / lend sb. a hand 伸手相助on (the) one hand on the other hand 一方面另一方面hand down 把传下来hand in 交上hand in hand 手拉手hand out 分发hand over 移交hangvt. 悬挂(hung, hung)；绞死(hanged, hanged) vi. 挂着；吊着(hung, hung) He hanged himself in sorrow after his wife died.His picture is hanging in the living room. （表示东西挂在某处，通常用主动式）词组：hang on 坚持下去；不挂断hang up 挂断happenvi. 发生；碰巧（接不定式或从句）Nobody expected such a thing would happen to him. （happen不用于被动语态；后接介词to）Do you happen to know whats on after the new?He happened to be passing by when the accident happened. （happen后的不定式使用进行式表示正在发生，使用完成式表示发生过）It happened that he was passing by when it happened.hardadj. 硬的；困难的 adv. 努力地；猛烈地The wood is hard. (adj.)He is hard to get along with. (adj.)He works hard for the examination. (adv.)It is raining hard (=heavily). (adv.)注意：不可以说 He is hard to learn English well. 应该为：It is hard for him to learn English well.比较：hardly adv. 几乎不hardlyadv. 几乎不；简直不She could hardly keep her eyes open.注意：hardly用作否定词。He can hardly walk, can he?句式：hardly when 刚就 He had hardly got to the station when it began to rain. =Hardly had he got to the station when it began to rain. （hardly位于句首，句子要倒装）harmn. 伤害；危害 vt. 损害He protected his son from any harm.Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.词组：do harm to / do sb. harm 对有害扩展：harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的be harmful to 对 有害harmonyn. 一致；和睦词组：in / out of harmony with 与协调/不协调扩展：harmonious adj. 和谐的 harmonious societyhavevt. (had, had) 有；进行；从事；患有；经历；吃，喝；使have a try 试一试；have a walk / bath / drink / look / rest / swim / talk have a meeting / holiday / an operationhave a cold / fever / headache have a good journey / time 后接复合宾语：have sb. do 让某人做某事；have sth. done 让/找人做某事；have sb./sth. doing 让持续地做某事；have sth. to do 有某事要做词组：have a time (doing sth.) 过得 have on 穿着；有事have something / nothing / a lot / a great deal to do with 与有关/无关/关系很大have to (=have got to)不得不headn. 头，前头；领导；头脑 v. 前进（和for连用）Hit the snake on the head.stand on ones head 倒立use your head 动动脑筋They headed for the village immediately. The car headed west. 那辆车朝西驶去。healthn. 健康；卫生Health is better than wealth.Going to bed early and getting up early does good to your health.词组：be in good / poor health 身体好/不好扩展：healthy adj. 健康的hearv. (heard, heard) 听见；听说I heard a coin drop. （宾补用动词原形表示动作的全过程）I heard someone shouting for help. （宾补用动词的现在分词表示动作正在进行）He heard his named called. （宾补用动词的过去分词表示该动作和宾补的被动关系）I hear that you need help.词组：hear about 听说有关的情况hear of 听说hear from 收到的来信辨析： hear 表示听的结果；listen to表示听的动作。例如： We listened but could hear nothing.练习：1. Mr. Zhaos enthusiasm has inspired him to concentrate more on history lessons and his _ have improved a great deal. A. gifts B. growths C. glories D. grades 2. What is the matter with the dish? I cant bear it. I want to _ a word with your manager.A. speak B. say C. talk D. have 3. The activity is called “saving the earth” which refers to more reduction of _ caused to the world by freon (氟里昂)of refrigerators. A. injury B. harm C. ruin D. wound4. We should take measures to reduce pollution so that the human beings may live in _ with nature. A. hand B. harvest C. health D. harmony5. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him _ during the day.A. away B. up C. in D. back6. I dont _ rock n roll. Its much too noisy for my taste.A. go after B. go away C. go into D. go in for7. Do you think the housing price will keep _ in the years to come? Sorry, I have no idea.A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing up D. growing up8. Could I ask you a rather personal question? Sure, _.A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good idea D. forget it9. In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _ recovering from his heart operation.A. quietly B. actually C. practically D. gradually10. I would be _ if you could give me an early reply.A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful11. The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?_.A. I guess not so B. I dont guessC. I dont guess soD. I guess not12. Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late.A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure13. I would like a job which pays more, but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.A. in other words B. on the other handC. for one thingD. as a matter of fact14. It is certain that he will _ his business to his son.A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over15. Sorry, I have to _ now. Its time for class.A. hang upB. break up C. give up D. hold up16. I must be getting fat I can _ do my trousers up.A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom17. Jack, _, but your radio is going too loud.Oh, Im sorry. Ill turn it down right now.A. Id like to talk with you B. Im really tired of thisC. I hate to say this D. I need your help18. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. prepare B. prepared C. prepares D. preparing19. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday?A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on20. When did you last hear _ John?He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet.A. of; to B. about; with C. from; with D. from; on答案与解析：1. D. grade表示“分数，成绩”2. D. have a word with 和谈一谈。其他的不能构成搭配表示这个意思。3. B. harm 危害；injury指外伤；ruin指彻底的破坏；wound指枪械导致的伤口4. D. in harmony with 词组，表示“与和谐相处”。5. A. give away 泄露；give up 放弃；give in 屈服；give back归还6. D. go in for 喜欢；go after 追求；go away 离开；go into 进入7. B. go up 上升；lift up 举起；bring up 培养；grow up 长大8. B. go ahead表示许可；pardon me表示没有听清楚，请对方重复；good idea表示赞同对方的提议；forget it用于安慰别人时。9. D. gradually 逐渐地；quietly 安静地；actually 事实上；practically实际上10. B. grateful 感激的；pleasant令人愉快的；satisfied满意的；helpful有帮助的11. D. 表示赞同对方的看法，“我想他们做得不好。”其他结构均为错误形式。12. C. habit习惯；tradition传统，不用于个人13. B. on the other hand 另一方面；in other words 换句话说；for one thing 一者； as a matter of fact 事实上14. C. hand over移交；take over 接管；think over 仔细考虑；go over复习15. A. hang up挂断；break up击碎，破裂；give up放弃；hold up 举起，耽误16. B. hardly 几乎不；fairly 相当，还算；nearly 几乎；seldom很少17. C. C最符合语境，显得有礼貌。18. A. have sb. do 让某人做19. C. have on穿着；try on试穿；put on 穿上； pull on匆忙穿上20. D. hear from收到某人的来信/信息；agree on 在某事上达成一致意见阅读理解训练AThe Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources of the government. Using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy. Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.A. taxpayers B. pressing calls C. college graduates D. government resources2. The author thinks that with full government funding _.A. teachers are less satisfied B. students are more demandingC. students will become more competentD. teachers will spend less time on teaching3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to _.A. argue against free university educationB. call on them to finance students studiesC. encourage graduates to go into businessD. show their contribution to higher educationBEvery day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animal. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing, Birds can fly thousands miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Natures talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, its an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.Not that we dont have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologist can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesnt tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.4. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is _.A. our ability to use languageB. the miracle of technologyC. the amazing power of natureD. our ability to make noises with mouth5. What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both human and animals?A. Lifting heads when sad.B. Keeping long faces when angry.C. Bristling hair when ready to attack.D. Bowing heads when willing to obey.6. What can be i