TEM4语法和词汇(修改版).doc

语法篇第一部分：应试要求及策略一、测试要求及题型分析1、测试目的及要求：语法测试的目的主要是检查考生运用教学大纲所规定的语法结构及基本语法概念的能力。要求考生能灵活、正确地运用教学大纲语法结构表一至四级的全部内容，在所给出的选择项中做出正确选择。2、题型分析：语法在专业四级考试中与词汇共同为一项（GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY）测试内容，题型为多项选择题，每题共有四个选择项，要求考生选择其中正确的一项，共30题，其中语法内容约占12-13题左右。二、评分标准本题（GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY）为客观题，共30题，原始分30分，占总分比重的15%。三、解题思路和方法专业四级测试中的语法涵盖教学大纲语法结构表中的全部内容。按照大纲要求，考生在答题时应体现出这些特点，即语法知识系统、语法概念清晰、形式正确、实际运用熟练。为能充分备考，在平时的学习过程中，考生要熟悉并掌握大纲所列的语法项目，同时还应学会恰当的解题方法。下面是我们的几点具体建议：1充分领会出题意图语法考试题型为多项选择题，命题者通常会将备选项设计得非常相近以干扰考生。因此在考试时，不要急于答题，首先应有意识地领会命题者的意图，正确判断考题所涉及的语法点，根据语法规则作出正确的选择。例如在下题（1997年42题）中，考生首先就应该判断出本题是测试反意疑问句中前后对应问题。When you have finished with that video tape, dont forget to put it in my drawer, _?A. do youB. will youC. dont youD. wont you答案是B。根据语法规则，在“祈使句+反意疑问”构成的反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分通常用will you， wont you等。本题中祈使句是否定形式，故反意疑问句应为肯定形式。2注重语法规则的限制和例外考生解题时，在充分领会了出题意图，做出正确判断后，还应考虑其是否涉及语法的限制与例外。通常在日常学习中，考生对语法的一般概念和规则都会有所重视，注意掌握，但容易忽视限制与例外。而限制与例外却往往是考试的重点测试内容，命题者常常会对语法中的这些特殊之处重视有加。例如下题（1994年57题）的情况：The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _ the most important of these.A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being答案是C。英语中一般不用逗号连接两个独立的简单句，因此A、B、D均为错误的，C项为独立主格结构，在句子中做状语，补充说明前面所述情况，为正确答案。3特别关注惯用搭配有些语法题侧重检查考生对一些习惯用法及固定搭配的掌握情况。如果熟知这些搭配，考试时碰到这类题也就不困难了。例如下题（2001年41题）就是测试固定搭配for one thing，for another。I cant go- for one thing, I have no money, and _, I have too much work.A. whats moreB. as wellC. for anotherD. in addition 答案是C。4全面运用语法规则，结合语义分析判断语法规则是解题的关键，在掌握这一武器的同时，还须学会全面运用，在解题时需兼顾到人称、数、时态、语态、结构、惯用法等几方面的因素；有时仅仅只靠规则还不足以解决问题，就须结合题干语义，理解全句含义，根据规则分析判断得出正确结论。例如（2000年42题）：This is an illness that can result in total blindness _ left untreated.A. afterB. ifC. sinceD. unless答案是B。根据题目含义，此句应为一个假设条件句，因此应选择B，其他选项均不符合题意。取得考试的好成绩并非一日之功，需要平时的努力学习和积累。在平时的学习中，考生就应有意识地做到熟知教学大纲要求，注重语法知识的积累，重点了解语法项目中的各种限制与例外，掌握常用的习惯表达法和固定搭配，同时注意加强阅读，在阅读中培养良好语感，在阅读中熟悉语法，这样才能期望在考试中能取得优良成绩。 附：教学大纲语法要求：（1）名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；s属格的各种意义；某些以-s结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数（2）限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法；some, any和no的用法（3）代词：不定代词one, someone, anyone及不定人称代词 one, they, we, you, he 的用法；物主代词、非人称代词it的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法（4）动词的时和体：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成体，过去完成进行体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表示法和用法；情态助动词的各种用法；虚拟式、被动词态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，-ing分词和-ing分句，-ed分词和-ed分句的各种用法（5）定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句（包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）（6）直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构、无动词分句、非限定分句和限定分句的转换）形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词及介词词组；附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略第二部分：实战演练及答案解析Grammar Exercises One1. It is far better to do well a bit of work which is well _ a large fortune.A. worthy to be done than haveB. worth doing than to haveC. worthwhile to do than haveD. worthy doing than to have2. About 20 miles from Boston, _ a little town named Concord that has a rich history. A. has B. there is C. there being D. where is3. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _ in Africa. A. hunted B. hunting C. that hunted D. are hunted4. It will rain, _ the barometer is falling. A. so B. for C. as D. since5. _, the chairman closed the meeting. A. There to be no more business B. There being no more business C. There be no more businessD. There is no more business6. Most of _ is on American television are programs designed to appeal to people who go into the supermarkets and buy the products that are advertised on TV. A. which B. that C. whatever D. what7. At the conference, it has been decided that she _ an opportunity to go abroad as a sales representative. A. is going to have B. have C. will have D. has8. How can I ever concentrate if you_ continually _ me with silly questions?A. have interrupted B. had interrupted C. are interrupting D. were interrupted9. It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. but B. not C. as D. like10. I felt that I was not yet _ to travel abroad. A. too strong B. strong enough C. so strong D. enough strong11. John is _ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. A. no less B. no more C. not less D. no so12. _ was drunk again last night. A. That brother of yours B. That your brother C. Your that brotherD. That brother of you13. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of coffee. A. hadnt been B. isnt C. werentD. may not be14. John _ a restless person. He kept moving from country to country. A. must beB. should be C. must have beenD. should have been15. _ that the pilot couldnt fly through it. A. So the storm was severeB. So severe was the storm C. The storm so severe wasD. Such was the storm severeGrammar Exercises Two1. The doctor advised him to stay in bed, saying he was much _. A. ill enough B. too ill C. so illD. very ill2. The largest meteorite on display is in the American Museum in New York City, _ over 34 tons. A. it weights B. its weight is that C. and it weighs D. which it weighs3. He carried the parcel home himself, but he _ so, the shop could have sent it. A. did not need to do B. neednt have done C. must not have doneD. couldnt have done4. I dont know _. A. why do this B. why to do this C. why doing thisD. why we ought to do this5. Yet no firm evidence had come to light _ the men arrested were actually responsible. A. whichB. as C. whatD. that6. Home is home, _ ever so homely.A. it is B. is it C. be it D. it be7. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security. A. lest B. in case C. unless D. other than8. That sort of problem doesnt worry my brother _.A. slightlyB. to the slightestC. slightestD. in the slightest9. Ill try to get in touch with him but hes _ ever at home when I phone. A. rarely B. almost C. hardlyD. occasionally10. He said it was impossible for _ a mistake in a computers calculation, so you can rely on that. A. there being B. there would be C. there to be D. there was11. We _ trouble from people who like leaving things around. A. used to haveB. have always had C. are always havingD. had12. _ many of the designs for the new capital were considered lost forever, Benjamin Banneker helped reproduce the original plans.A. When B. During C. If as D. How 13. He left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here.A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be14. Nobody came to see me while I was out, _?A. did they B. didnt theyC. did sheD. didnt she15. Mr. Anderson presided _ the board meeting on behalf of the Chairman.A. at B. for C. on D. inGrammar Exercises Three1. Noise pollution generally receives less attention than _ air pollution. A. doesB. it does C. receivesD. does it2. We are studying hard with a view _ serving the people. A. ofB. for C. toD. about3. I _ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mothers illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me.A. am to have finished B. was to have finished C. was to finish D. ought to finish4. In order to be a good scientist, _. A. mathematics is urgentB. one must have the mathematics C. one must understand mathematicsD. mathematics is important to be understood.5. “I bought this shirt for 35 yuan yesterday.” “Its on sale today for only 29. You should have waited.” “Oh really? But how _ I know?”A. would B. can C.should D. do6. It was not until she returned home _ she realized she had almost wasted ten of her valuable hours. A. and B. when C. then D. that7. _ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized8. On the slope of Longs Peak in Colorado _ the ruin of a gigantic tree.A. that liesB. liesC. where liesD. lie9. _ the exception of institutions controlled by church, municipal, or private corporations, Latin American universities are regulated by federal laws. A. That B. although C. While D. With10. His anger was _ that he stood there speechless. A. soB. very C. asD. such11. _ what John will be doing next. A. No sayingB. Theres no to say C. Theres no sayingD. Not to say12. _ the choice of a fine home downtown and a modest one in the suburbs, the latter will win. A. HadB. Given C. HavingD. Giving13. By the time she is 50 years old, she _ an inmate of the prison for over half of her life. A. would have been B. will be C. will have beenD. would be14. Air is to man _ water is to fish. A. what B. which C. thatD. like15. In her time, Isadora Duncan was _ today a liberated woman. A. calling B. who would be calling C. what we would callD. she would call itGrammar Exercises Four1. More than one _ dismissed. A. has beenB. has C. areD. have been2. The additional work will take _. A. another four weeksB. other four weeks C. four weeks otherD. four another weeks3. These facts suggested that women _ in opportunity for physical exercise by cultural taboos. A. should be limitedB. be limited C. had been limitedD. have been limited4. “Do you think he will come tonight?” “Oh, yes. Its _ that he will.” A. almost surelyB. very likely C. near positiveD. quite certainly5. Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city _.A. Id most like to visit B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. Id like much to visit6. _, his family moved to America. A. When still a babyB. When a baby still C. When he was still a babyD. When being still a baby7. He _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act 8. According to psychologists, a persons attention is attracted _ by the intensity of different signals as by their context, significance, and information content. A. not much soB. not so much C. so much notD. so not much9. _ a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do. A. AlthoughB. Despite C. In spite of D. Being10. It _ for over a month and the downpour had damaged many houses. A. rained heavilyB. had been raining cats and dogs C. has been raining heavilyD. has rained cats and dogs11. To my great surprise, she preferred to give herself up _ herself. A. than hidingB. rather than to hide C. to hiding D. rather than hide12. _ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for13. First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event _ concerns about environmental issues such as pollution. A. dedicated to raisingB. dedicated raising C. dedicated to raiseD. that dedicates to raising14. _ the children master the basics, advanced development becomes easier.A. While B. Once C. That D. Even15. Last year, I paid a three-day visit to the company as a visiting engineer, and was treated _. A. suchB. as such C. like itD. such asGrammar Exercises Five1. The old man is _ a large fortune. A. in his possession ofB. in a possession of C. in possession ofD. in the possession2. The mystery guest on the show was _ Prince Charles. A. no other butB. no other than C. no one thanD. none other than3. The heart is _ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A. not soB. not much C. no moreD. much more4. _ is known to us all, we see the lightning before the thunder. A. AsB. Such C. ThatD. It5. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than _ in the public today. A. existsB. exist C. existingD. existed6. I think it _ high time they _ to take you more seriously. A. was beganB. isshould begin C. should bebeginD. isbegan7. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home.A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match8. John is one of those people who _ trouble making up _ minds. A. hashisB. hastheir C. havehisD. havetheir9. _, I will marry him all the same. A. Were he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poor C. Being rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor10. “The door was open.”“It _ open. I had locked in myself and the key was in my pocket.”A. cant be B. mustnt be C. cant have been D. mustnt have been11. _, we had to walk home. A. Had the last bus goneB. The last bus has gone C. The last bus is goneD. The last bus having gone12. Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he _ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave. A. has worked B. works C. has been working D. is working13. He came all the way to help her _ that she drowned herself in a well. A. only to findB. to find C. in order to findD. so as to find14. I hope they wont have to wait all day long for the mail to arrive, _? A. will they B. do they C. dont they D. have they15. I apologize if I _ you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offendB. had offended C. should have offendedD. might have offendedGrammar Exercises Six1. She remembered several occasions in the past _ she had experienced a similar feeling.A. which B. before C. that D. when2. The soldier found himself _ a hero when he returned to his village. A. someone ofB. someone C. somethingD. something of 3. After we made the improvement, there were only _ as before. A. one-tenth defective products as many B. one-tenth as many defective products C. defective products one-tenth as many D. defective products as one-tenth many4. They hoped _ them. A. us to go and joinB. that we would go and join C. for us to go and joinD. our going and joining5. Who _ come in but the president himself! A. should B. would C. mightD. could6.The party _ at my house, but the central heating broke down, and we had to have it at Johns place. A. would beB. have been C. was to beD. was to have been7. Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there. A. a lot of people were B. he found a lot of people C. a lot of people D. people were found8. Not until the 1850s _ in New York seek to rescue historic buildings from destruction or alteration. A. some concerned citizensB. did some concerned citizens C. some citizens concernedD. when some concerned citizens did9. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style _ in a personal style. A. rather thanB. other than C. better thanD. less than10. It _ three years since I graduated.A. be B. isC. was D. had been11. Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, a town in the eastern part of the state, was named _ one of the greatest American athletes. A. the honors B. for honoring C. in honor ofD. to honoring12. Its no good _ so much money on cosmetics.A. to waste B. for you to waste C. of you to wasteD. wasting13. Many a man _ that he had had a better education.A. wishB. wishingC. has wishedD. have wished14. She said that they wouldnt be back on Sunday, _? A. did sheB. didnt she C. would theyD. wouldnt they15. Here are some books by O Henry. You can read _ you like. A. whichever oneB. whose C. whatever D. whatGrammar Exercises Seven1. _, he will apologize for his rudeness towards the professor at the conference. A. One out of tenB. Ten to one C. One out of a hundredD. One to ten2. Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year. A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make3. The restaurant serves _wine. A. French delicious whiteB. delicious white French C. white delicious FrenchD. delicious French white4. _ he will not accept the offer, I have to find someone else. A. UntilB. Though C. As soon asD. Seeing that5. Tuna, _, may weigh up to 1,000 pou