新视野第六册单词与语言点讲解.doc

New Words第一单元 pursuit n. U the process of trying to achieve sth.; the act of chasing sb. or sth. in order to catch them追求，寻求；追赶，追捕The pursuit of higher education becomes common in China.追求高等教育在中国越来越成为常见现象。A dog was in hot pursuit of a rabbit.一条狗正追赶一只兔子。 conceive vt. form an idea of; think of; imagine构想出；想出；设想Scientists first conceived the idea of atomic bomb in the 1930s.20世纪30年代科学家们初次设想原子弹的计划。I cant conceive why you told our plan to him.我想不出你为什么把我们的计划告诉他。 idiot n. C a foolish or stupid person白痴，傻子No one was born an idiot here.这里谁也不是天生的傻瓜。He is such an idiot that he couldnt count up his fingers.他傻得手指都数不过来。 dedicate vt. (to) commit (oneself) to a particular course of thought or action; devote奉献；献身于，致力于We dedicated ourselves to starting our own business.我们开始专心经营自己的生意。He dedicated his first book to his mother.他把第一本书献给母亲。 addict vt. （与to 或oneself to连用）devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively to使沉溺；使入迷He is addicted to rock music.他对摇滚乐很入迷。The children are addicted to computer games.孩子们玩电脑游戏上了瘾。 patriotic a. feeling a lot of love, respect, and duty towards ones country爱国的，有爱国热情的Sun Yat-sen gained a lot of support from patriotic overseas Chinese.孙中山得到爱国华侨的大力支持。People in the parade sung patriotic songs.游行的人唱着爱国歌曲。 cater v. 1.(to, for) try to satisfy the wants or needs of迎合；投合This restaurant always caters to the needs of the customers.这家饭店总是迎合顾客的需求。The policy caters to various special interest groups.该政策兼顾了各种特殊利益群体。2. provide food and services提供食物及服务His company caters for banquets and weddings.他的公司为宴会和婚礼提供食品服务。BBC Light Programme caters for the masses.英国广播公司的轻松节目为大众提供娱乐。 slogan n. C a short phrase expressing a political or advertising message标语，口号All the slogans are coined out of the ideals of the peoples.所有的口号都是根据人民的理想而创造出来的。Actions are more important than slogans.行动胜于口号。 tablet n. C a small hard round piece of medicine to be taken orally药片He needs a sleeping tablet every evening.他每晚需要一片安眠药。two tablets of aspirin两片阿斯匹林 thigh n. C the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee大腿I felt pain in my thigh after the long run.长跑之后我感到大腿疼。Tom will not be able to take part in the match because of his torn thigh muscle.汤姆因为大腿肌肉拉伤，不能参赛。 perpetual a. lasting for ever or for a long time永远的，永久的When you buy a house on a land of state-ownership，you get a perpetual lease.如果你在国有土地上买房子, 你就得到了永久的租地权。Love is a perpetual theme of literature.爱情是文学的永恒主题。 perplex vt. make sb. feel confused and worried by being difficult to understand or answer使困惑；使费解；使复杂化His question perplexed me.他的问题把我弄糊涂了。Dont perplex the problem.不要使问题复杂化。 perplexing a. confusing; complicated令人困惑的；费解的；复杂的This is indeed a perplexing problem.这确实是一个费解的难题。a perplexing situation一个复杂的局面 proposition n. 1. C a matter to be dealt with; a problem or task要处理的事；问题；任务Tunnelling under the English Channel is a big proposition.在英吉利海峡海底开隧道是一个大问题。Her attempt to stage a comeback is no easy proposition.她试图东山再起，那可不是件轻而易举的事。2. C an unproved statement in which an opinion or judgment is expressed主张，看法，陈述His proposition needs proving.他的说法有待证实。I appreciate my wife very much for her proposition.我非常欣赏我妻子的提议。 superiority n. 1. U (over) the fact that one person or thing is better than another优势，优越，优胜Our team has an obvious superiority over the other team.我们队比另一个队有明显的优势。The resources are the superiority for the development of west China.这些资源对于开发中国西部来说是一种优势。2. U a way of thinking oneself better than others傲慢；优越感 He is from a wealthy family and has a sense of superiority.他出生于富贵之家，有一种优越感。an attitude of superiority傲慢的态度 mansion n. C a large house, usu. belonging to a wealthy person宅第；大厦He owned a mansion in the center of the city.他在市中心拥有一座宅第。The municipal government mansion is impressive and serious.市府大厦雄伟庄重。 marble n. C a hard smooth stone, usu. white with dark lines that are not regular in shape, used for building or making statues大理石a marble floor大理石地面a marble statue大理石雕像 wardrobe n. C a large piece of furniture where one can hang his or her clothes衣柜，壁橱There is a wardrobe in the corner of the room.房间的角落放着一个衣柜。 outfit n. C a set of clothes that are worn together套服The park staff member is wearing an outfit similar to that worn by the construction workers.这个公园的职工身着类似于建筑工人穿的工作服。The outfit of the sugar mill is a white gown.糖厂的工作服是白大褂。 contemplate v. think (about) carefully and at length; meditate on or ponder考虑；思忖，思考She is contemplating a visit to London.她在打算去伦敦观光。No one should ever contemplate suicide.任何人都不应考虑自杀。 trivial a. of little significance or value琐碎的，不重要的；没有价值的Dont trouble him with such trivial things.这样的小事不要麻烦他。Fire prevention is not trivial at all.防火非小事。 installment(BrE instalment) n. C one of a number of successive payments in settlement of a debt（分期付款中）每一期摊付的款项Bank of China offers installment payment service for car buyers.中国银行向汽车购买者提供分期付款业务。Ill save that for the next installment.我将省下钱来付下一次的分期付款。 prestige n. C the high reputation and respect that sb. or sth. has earned威信，声望He is a professor of prestige in the field of space science.他是空间科学界声望很高的教授。This non-state construction group enjoys great prestige both at home and abroad.这个非国营的建筑团体在国内外享有很高的声誉。 Orient n. (the ) the countries of Asia, esp. of eastern Asia亚洲国家（特别是东亚各国）perfumes and spices from the Orient东方的香水和香料political theory in the West and in the Orient东方和西方的政治理论 temperament n. C, U a persons nature or basic character, esp. as it influences how they think or behave气质，性情，禀性a girl of artistic temperament带有艺术家气质的女孩The two brothers have entirely different temperaments.这两兄弟的性情完全不同。 petty a. of very little importance; trivial不重要的；琐碎的petty details琐碎细节This is only a petty fault.这只是个小错误。 mortal a. 1. causing death; fatal致死的；致命的a mortal wound致命伤His injuries proved mortal.他的伤成了致命伤。2. that will die, not living for ever终有一死的All human beings are mortal.人总有一死。 diversion n. C an activity that people do for fun消遣，娱乐Big cities have many cinemas and other diversions.大城市有很多影院和其他娱乐活动。Swimming and billiards are my favorite diversions.游泳和台球是我最喜欢的消遣活动。 mint vt. 1. produce (coins，etc.) by stamping metal铸造（硬币）mint coins of 50 p铸造50便士的硬币2. invent (a word or phrase, etc.)创造（新词语等）This phrase was minted for that occasion.这个短语是专门为那个场合创造的。I have just minted a new word.我刚造了一个新词。 oriental a. of or relating to the countries of the Orient or their peoples or cultures; eastern东方国家、人民或文化的oriental civilization东方文明Welcome to Oriental Garden Hotel.欢迎来到东方花园旅馆。 patriot n. C one who loves, supports, and defends ones country爱国者A true patriot is one who is ready to sacrifice his own interests for the benefit of his country.一个真正的爱国者宁可为了祖国牺牲自己的利益。Bush proclaimed September 11 2002 Patriot Day.布什宣布2002年9月11日为爱国者日。 foresee v. see or know (sth.) beforehand预知，预见，预料Analysts foresee tumult in the stock market.分析家们预见证券市场会出现混乱。We can foresee that these systems will start replacing the old software.我们可以预见这些系统将开始取代旧软件。 cardinal a. most important; chief基本的，重要的The cardinal symptom of SARS is fever and hard breathing.非典主要症状是发烧和呼吸困难。These findings help determine cardinal directions in archaeology.这些发现有助于确定考古学的主攻方向。 conceive of (sth.) as think of (sth.) as; imagine (sth.) as 认为，想像为We conceive of the meeting as a turning point of our business.我们认为这次会议是我们业务的转折点。 He is conceived of as one of the best pop singers.他被认为是最好的流行歌手之一。 in terms of in relation to; with reference to用的话, 用的措辞，在方面The work is not very profitable in terms of cash, but I can get valuable experience from it.就收入而言这工作赚不了多少钱，但我可以从中学习有价值的经验。We lead the industry in terms of product features.在产品特色方面，我们在这个行业领先。 for that matter so far as that is concerned; as for that就此而言, 就那件事而论For that matter，government fully supports Shanghai to host the world expo 2010.就此而言，政府完全支持上海承办2010年世界博览会。Priority will be given to the economic development for that matter.为此，将优先考虑经济发展。 make it succeed in a particular activity成功，办成，做到I made it! he exclaimed when he climbed to the top of the mountain.我成功了！爬到山顶时他欢呼道。Hes never really made it as an actor.他当演员从未有所成就。 run out of use up; exhaust the supply of用光；耗尽I have run out of my ideas.我已挖空了心思。Enterprises will never run out of human resources in China.中国的企业从来不会出现人力资源枯竭的情况。 free of untroubled or unspoilt by; without (sb. or sth. unwanted); safe from免于困扰或损害的；摆脱的；不受影响的BBC TV programmes are free even of commercials.BBC电视节目甚至不播放商业广告。This database is free of charge to all web visitors.这个资料库对所有的网络用户是免费的。 installment plan a system of payment for goods by which one pays small sums of money regularly after receiving the goods分期付款购买法 We are buying a house on installment plan.我们以分期付款的方式购买房子。get a car on installment plan通过分期付款购买汽车 US Constitution 美国宪法 Jonathan Swift 乔纳森斯威夫特(1667 1745，英国作家，讽刺文学大师，主要作品有格列佛游记、一只澡盆的故事等) India 印度 Thoreau 梭罗(18171862，美国作家，超验主义运动的代表人物，主张回归自然，代表作为沃尔登或林中生活，其 论公民的不服从一文影响巨大) Language Points Language Point 1 The Pursuit of Happiness (the Title) pursuit: n. the process of trying to achieve sth.; the act of chasing sb. or sth. in order to catch them The pursuit of profit is the only goal of their company.追求利润是他们公司的惟一目标。The hounds were in hot pursuit of a fox. 猎犬正在穷追一只狐狸。 Language Point 2 The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US Constitution, but no one seems quite sure which way happiness runs. (Para.1) Meaning: The US Constitution protects peoples right to happiness, but no one is quite sure where to find appiness.constitution: n. laws and principles according to which a state is governedGreat Britain has an unwritten constitution, while the United States has a written one. 英国的宪法是不成文的，而美国的宪法是成文的。 Language Point 3 Jonathan Swift conceived of happiness as “the state of being well-deceived”, or of being “a fool among idiots”, for Swift saw society as a land of false goals. (Para.1) Meaning: Jonathan Swift thought that happiness was a state of being cheated without realizing the fact, or of being a fool among other foolish people, for Swift saw society as a land with false goals or empty dreams that could not be fulfilled.conceive: v. form the idea ofWho first conceived the idea of filling bags with gas to make ballons? 谁最先想到往袋中充气制成汽球的？conceive of .as: think of .asMany city residents conceive of rural life as carefree and romantic. 许多城市居民把乡村生活想像成无忧无虑和十分浪漫。Note: Do not confuse conceive withperceive:Conceive means to form or hold an idea. It relies more on subjective thinking and internal factors.Perceive relies more on objective observation and external factors such as sight or hearing.Compare:The ancients conceived of the earth as flat. 古人认为地球是平的。I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。idiot: n. a foolish or stupid person No one is born an idiot. 没有天生的傻瓜。He is such an idiot that when a customer paid for a 3-dollar hamburger with a fiver, he returned the customer 17 dollars. 他是十足的傻瓜，顾客用5美元付3美元的汉堡包，他给顾客找回17美元。 Language Point 4 It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of false goals. (Para.2) Meaning: Of course, it is un-American to consider empty dreams that cannot be realized.in terms of: in relation to; with reference to Im thinking in terms of moving to a seaside city, as I prefer the moist air there. 我正考虑搬到一个海滨城市去，因为我更喜欢那里湿润的空气。No form of money has ever proved completely satisfactory in terms of providing a stable measure of value. 在提供稳定的价值单位方面，没有任何货币形式是完全令人满意的。 Language Point 5 We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. (Para.2) Meaning: However, we do seem to devote our efforts to buy happiness.dedicate: vt. 1) commit (oneself) to a particular course of thought or action; devote He dedicated his life to finding a new medicine. 他为寻找一种新药而奉献了他的一生。The new President said she would dedicate herself to protecting the rights of the old and the homeless. 新总统说，她将致力于保护老年人与无家可归者的权利。2) address or inscribe (a book, etc.) to another as a mark of respect or affectionHe dedicated his first book to his mother. 他把第一本书献给他母亲。The expert dedicates his new book to his teacher. 这位专家将新书献给他的老师。 Language Point 6 We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough. (Para.2) Meaning: When we possess enough, we shall all be very successful. Language Point 7 And at the same time the forces of American business are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. (Para.3) Meaning: At the same time American business uses all its forces it can to make us unhappy on purpose. Language Point 8 Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them and to create them faster than anyones budget can satisfy them. (Para.3) Meaning: Advertising is one of our major industries, and it does not work to satisfy but to create our desires and to create our desires faster than our income can satisfy them. Language Point 9 For that matter, our whole economy is based on addicting us to greed. (Para.3) Meaning: As for purchasing desire, our whole economy is built on the basis of making us addicted to greed, or to the desire to buy.for that matter: so far as that is concerned; as for that He doesnt trust his partner. For that matter I cant blame him. 他不信任合作伙伴，就这一点说，我不能责怪他。For that matter，I would burn the mid-night oil to review whatever we have covered this term. 就此而言，我要开夜车复习本学期学过的内容。addict: vt.（与to 或oneself to连用）devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively toHe became addicted to drugs. 他染上了毒瘾。The children are addicted to computer games. 孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。 Language Point 10 We are even told it is our patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying things. (Para.3) Meaning: We are even told that if we love our country it is our duty to support the national economy by buying things. patriotic: a. feeling a lot of love, respect, and duty towards ones countryHe is a patriotic overseas Chinese. 他是一位爱国华侨。They had a parade, marching up and down and singing patriotic songs. 他们举行了游行，边游行边唱爱国歌曲。 Language Point 11 Look at any of the magazines that cater to women. (Para.4) cater: v.1) (to) try to satisfy the wants or needs ofWe should cater to the needs of the customers. 我们应该满足顾客的需求。Some tabloid newspapers cater to low tastes. 有些小报迎合低级趣味。2) provide food or entertainmentBesides serving individual customers, we also cater banquets and weddings. 除了为散客服务，我们还承接宴席和婚宴。Who is catering your daughters wedding? 谁承办你女儿的婚宴？ Language Point 12 There advertising begins as art and slogans in the front pages and ends as pills and therapy in the back pages. (Para.4) Meaning: In the magazines catering to women, advertising begins in the front pages as art and slogans to attract people, and in the back pages, it introduces medicine and therapy.slogan: n. a short phrase expressing a political or advertising messageHe won reelection on the campaign slogan “He Kept Us Out of War”. 他以“他让我们免于战争”为竞选口号而赢得连任。They are beginning to feel that shouting slogans in reaction to pollution is not enough. 他们开始觉得光喊口号来对付污染是不够的。 Language Point 13 This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever. (Para.4) Meaning: This sixteen-year-old figure is the shape that she must have at the age of forty, fifty, sixty, and forever. Language Point 14 This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. (Para.4) Meaning: This is the close-fitting undergarment which Mother must wear in order to display her perfect figure. Language Point 15 This is the cream that restores skin, these are the tablets that melt away fat around the thighs, and these are the pills of perpetual youth. (Para.4) Meaning: This cream can restore skin to youth, these tablets can reduce fat around the thighs, and these pills can preserve everlasting youth.tablet: n. a small hard round piece of medicineA sleeping tablet can make him quiet. 一片安眠药能使他安静。It was reported half a million fake sleeing tablets had been sold in the previous nine months. 据报导，在过去的9个月售出假安眠药50万片。thigh: n. the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee His thigh was hurt in an accident. 他的大腿在一次事故中受伤了。She sat there putting the baby on her thigh. 她坐在那里，把婴儿放在大腿上。perpetual: a. lasting forever or for a long timeThe two countries made a treaty of perpetual friendship. 这两个国家签订了永久友好条约。The widespread use of Singlish is a perpetual worry to the authorities in Singapore. 新加坡式英语的广泛使用成了一个长期困扰新加坡领导人的问题。 Language Point 16 Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers,. (Para.5) Meaning: Clearly there are customers buying happiness in the happiness-market,.run out of: use up; exh