时态与语态综合练习.doc

时态与语态综合练习三体时一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来一般现在时的用法1) 用在以（if , unless, before, as soon as , when , once, the more., the more. )引导的时间和条件状语从句中表将来 Ill participate in the game if it (not rain). Ill let him know as soon as he (come). The more he studies hard, the more progress he (make). 有时为了强调动作的完成，有些动词也可用现在完成时。Dont get off the bus until it (stop).When you (finish) your homework, you can play for a while.2)根据时刻表的安排将要发生的事件，日程一般不可变更，语气比较肯定，常用的动词有：arrive , leave, come, go , open, close, return, start, begin, end, stop等。 The trains arrives at 18:40.The shop opens at 8 a.m and closes at 11.pm.3)以 here 或 there 开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。Get it ready. Here (come) a bus.Look ! There (fly) a kite in the sky.4) Make sure ,see to it that ， be sure , take care , make certain ,后接从句，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 Make sure all the windows (close) before you leave.Be sure you (finish) it today.See to it that the door (lock) before you go out.一般将来时1) be doing，表计划的将来，但语气不及一般现在时肯定，安排可以变更，常用动词有：go, come, leave, arrive等。 He (leave) for America on business next month.2) be going to do，表示将来。 a.主语的打算、意图，即将做某事。 What you (do) tomorrow? b. 表示“预测”，说明有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there (be) a storm.3) be to do表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事，或表示要求、命令做某事,在if引导的条件从句中，表示一种愿望。We (discuss) the report next Saturday.You (finish) the work by Friday.If you (succeed), you must work hard.4) be about to do，意为马上做某事。He (leave) for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will的区别： 用于条件句时，be going to表将来 , will表意愿If you (make) a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you (take) off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I (play) football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im (play) football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 现在进行时a. 表示现阶段或目前正进行的动作。Mr. Green (write) another novel this month.格林先生这个月正在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) b. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves (turn) red.The weather (get) warmer and warmer.c. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always (change) your mind. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某时段正在进行的动作。They (have) a discussion the whole morning yesterday.现在完成时表示动作或状态自过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，常与since，for, so far , up to now=till now, in/during/for the past(last) few years,等连用。注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。I (not receive) his letter for almost a month.用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time.the only- that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I (visit) the city.It was the third time that the boy (be) late.It is the only detective novel that I ever (read).2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I ever (see). 这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time (that) I (hear) him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。过去完成时1)The train (leave) before I got to the station.2)表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能“ We (hope) that you would come, but you didnt.3) no sooner than; hardly -when刚 就 No sooner he (buy) the car than he (sell) it Hardly he (arrive) at the station when the telephone (ring).现在完成进行时He (work) at the school for 30 years. 他一直在这个学校工作了三十年。现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较I (read) the book for the whole day. 我整天一直在读这本书。（一直不停地读，没有说明是否读完。） I (read) the book. 我读过这本书了。（说明读过或读完了。）将来进行时：表示将来某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作或者按照计划要做的事情。如：At this time tomorrow we (wait) for you here. 明天这个时候，我们在这儿等你。将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。如：When you come tonight at 8 oclock, I (review) ten lessons. 你今晚十点回来时，我已复习完十课书。被动语态的时态形式。（以动词write 为例）一般时态进行时态完成时态现在过去将来过去将来不用被动语态的动词：1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, A traffic accident _(happen) just now.2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.主动表示被动的情况1. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, shut, close 等This type of recorder (sell) well. That kind of shirt (wash) very wellThe novel (read) well. The door (open) with difficulty. This kind of shirt (clean) easilyHer coat (catch)in the door.The door wont (shut). The library (not open).比较： 1.The box (not lock). 这个箱子锁不上。 （箱子本身的性质）2. The box (not lock). 这个箱子没有上锁。（箱子当时的状态）3. The theory (prove) to be correct.那个理论证明是正确的。（含有自身证明的特征）4. The theory (prove) to be correct.那个理论被证明是正确的。（被人证明）want, need, require, deserve和be worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The book is worth (read). The coat requires (mend). The children needs (look after). The table wants (clean).The