《中考快递》介词部分.doc

介词与介词短语一、河南中考英语说明考查点1时间介词2方位介词3整体与部分4方式、手段介词5常考介词二、05- 11考点统计（按照分值排序）考查点考查次数和分值方位介词4次/4分时间介词2次/2分常考介词2次/2分整体与部分 1次/1分方式、手段介词0次/0分三、考点分析和2011年中考预测从表格可看出2011年，介词的分值应该在1到2分左右，考查点仍和上表所列一致。四、2010年中考锁定考点一：时间介词at, in, on, by, since, for, during, till, until 1. at加一个具体的时间点，表“在具体的某个时刻”。如at 5 oclock, at 5:30。还可搭配表时间点概念的单词，如：at breakfast; at noon; at night;at daybreak; at sunrise; at the end of; at the beginning of; at the age of; at Christmas; at the Spring Festival 2. in加一个时间段，如世纪、季节、年、月、日，再如泛指早上、下午、晚上。如：in 2010; in December; in May, 1992in spring/summer/autumn/winter; in the evening/morning/afternoon; in those days3. on表示具体日期,如几月几日，星期几，（有特征）的某天，（特指某天的）早上、下午、晚上，如：on May 1st, 2010on Monday;on a rainy day, on Childrens Day; on a cold night; （并非泛指，而特指在某天）on the morning of June 1st( ) 1. Lets play table tennis _ Tuesday morning, shall we? (答案：A)A. on B. in C. to D. at解析：此题指的是“周二早上”，是某个具体造成，不应该选择B，而应选A。 拓展1：( ) 8. Nanjing is a beautiful city. It won “China Human Habitat Environment Prize” _ 2008. （2009江苏南京） （答案：C）A. at B. on C. in D. by 拓展2：( ) 7. Einstein, the famous scientist, was born _ March, 1897. (答案：C) A. at B. on C. in D. to 4. by表示“截止到”，即“在之前”。此单词需要搭配时间点，一般如果是表将来的时间点，则后面搭配一般将来时；后如果加过去时间点，则搭配过去完成时。 We will learn 1,000 English words by the end of this term.5. since表“自从某时间点一直到现在”加时间点。需要说明的是：在中考范围内，since前面句子使用现在完成时；since后面应搭配时间点。since后面搭动词时，应为瞬间动词，而且应用一般过去时。 I have been in this school since two years ago. （现在完成时） （时间点）I have been in this school since I came to Henan.（瞬间动词，一般过去时）6. for表示“持续多长时间”，后应加时间段。 - How long did you stay there? - For about two years. since与for的区别：since后接表过去的时间点，多用于完成时。for可用于多种时态，主要用于有延续性动词的现在完成时的句子中。e.g. He has worked here since 1950. She has learned English for 2 years. He will be away for about two months. 7. during表示“在.期间”，如：during the meeting, during this year 8. till=until 两者可以互换，都表示某动作持续发生截止到某时间点结束。 I lived in Henan till/ until 2000. 我一直在河南居住到2000年。9. in，after 表“将来”时的区别 1) after表“在之后”，既可加时间点，也可加时间段，可用于任何时态。但加时间段时，前面必须首先有一个时间点，表示“（从此点时间开始）多长时间以后”。He will be back after 5 oclock.（时间点） (此时间点后不能用in) He was sent to the hospital and after 3 days, he died. （表住院的三天以后时间段）2) in后面恒加时间段，一般用于将来时（包括过去将来时），表“（从说话时开始）多长时间以后会发生”。I will leave in ten minutes. ( ) 1. - When will you be back? - _ about two days. A. after B. in C. since D. on 解析：A不适合题意，因为after表示“某时间点以后”，题干中没有时间点。C表“自从（某时间点）一直到现在”，通常应搭配现在完成时。B表示“（从目前说话开始）两天以后”。 （答案：B）考点二：方位介词考点：at, in, on 1. at后加一个通常认为比较小的地点, 如：at 60# Wenhua Road, at the shop, at Zhengzhou （把郑州看成了一个具体的地点）2. in表示“在。内部”或加一个稍大的地点，表“在内”，或“在区域内”。 in the room, in the car, in Henan。下面两个句子都正确，但语气有差异：I am in Zhengzhou. 语气表达郑州是比较大的区域，在其内部。I am at Zhengzhou. 把郑州视做了一个地点。3. on表“在上面”，即可表示和某面接触，如：The book is on the desk. 还可表示和线接触，如The house is on the river.（表示和河岸线接触）( ) 1. When did your uncle arrive China?He got to Guangzhou the morning of the 16th of April. A. at; in B. in; in C. to; on D. in; on解析：其实，第一个空填成arrive at, arrive in都是成立的。前者语意暗含把中国看成一个点，而非区域。后者语意表达“中国区域”。但第二个空表示某个具体的早上，只能用on来表达。 （答案：D）考点：be/ lie in, be/lie to, be/ lie on be/1ie in“位于里面”，如 Zhengzhou is/ lies in the center of Henan.（郑州在河南内部） be/ lie to “位于之外”，如 Japan is/ lies to the east of China.（两地不接壤，不包含） be/ lie on“表示接壤”,如 Henan is/ lies on the north of Hebei. （两地接壤）( ) Do you know that Fujian is _ the west of Taiwan? A. to B. in C. on解析：根据常识可知，福建和台湾隔海相望，不接壤。所以答案为A。 （答案：A）考点：前后左右中 in the front of, in front of, at the back of, behind, on the left side of（在。左边）, on the right side of（在。右边）, in the middle/center of（在。中间）, opposite to= across from（在。对面） 这组是中考重点，需要学生熟记。 in front of 表“（在外部）的前方”，in the front of表“（在内部）的前方”，如： The tree is in front of the classroom. （树长在教室外面） The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom. （讲台桌在教室内部） behind表“（在外部）的后方”，at the back of表“（在内部）的后方”，如：The tree is behind the classroom. （树长在教室外面） The students desk is at the back of the classroom. （学生桌在教室内部）( ) -Why are you standing there, Maggie?-I cant see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A. behind B. in front of C. beside D. next to解析：A表“在后面”，表“在前面”，表“在旁边”，约等于D。题意想表达：两个高个子男孩坐在我前面，所以我看不清楚黑板。 （答案：B）考点：里外旁边及四周in=inside（在外面）, out=outside（在里面）, near= close to, next to, beside, by, at, 四周around=about=round（在周围，围绕着） near= close to, next to, beside, by, at都表示“在。附近”，“在。旁边”。按上文列举顺序，程度越来越近。 ( ) -Can you see some people are waiting _ the library?-Yes, They are standing in a queue in front of its gate. A. around B. inside C. outside解析：A表示“围绕着图书馆”，B表示“在图书馆内部”，只有表“在外面”。 （答案：C）( ) Look, the farmers are working on the farm _ in the rain. A. under B. in C. below解析：under和below分别表示“正下方”和“斜下方”，但都不与物体接触。只有B表“（笼罩在）雨里”。 （答案：B）考点：上上下下above, over, below, under, Over只能强调“正上方”，above表“上方（可斜上方，也可斜上方）”。在表示度量衡概念的某数字以上时，通常用above. 如above 10 meters, above 10等。和此类似Under只强调“正下方”，below表“下方（可正下方，也可斜下方）”。在表示度量衡概念的某数字以下时，通常用below, 如below10 meters, below 10等。如：The plane is over the field and the field is below the plane.相对大地面积而言，飞机比较小，所以可以理解成飞机在地面的“在正上方”。飞机不能完全覆盖完地面，所以地面在飞机的“斜下方”。需要提醒的是，over还可表示more than,表“数量上比。多”。如：Over 500 students took part in the sports meeting.考点：跨越方式across, through, past, over, into（进入）, out of（出去）, along=up=down（沿着） across表“（从平面上）一边到另外一边”，through表“（从空间内部）一边倒另外一边”。比较下面两句话都成立，注意其语气的差别： The river runs across the city. （把城市看成一个平面，河流在这个平面上穿过） The river runs through the city. （把城市看成一个空间，河流在这个空间内穿过） past表“从（旁边）经过”。over表“跨越”，即从某物上方穿过。在指河流上的桥梁时也要用这个单词，如a bridge over the river 表“跨河的桥”。into表“由外及内”，out of表“由外及内”，都表动态的概念。along, down, up都表“沿着”，如he walks along/up/down the road.（他沿着马路走）( ) The young men walked _ the forest and came to a big river at last.A. on B. over C. through 解析：题意表“年轻人从森林里（内部）穿过”。B则表示“从森林上方跨越过”。 （答案：C） 考点三：整体与部分with, without, except, besides, including, between, amongwith表“有（什么特征）”，without则为反意，except表“除了”，besides表“包含”，including表“包含在内”( ) Mr. Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _ the ones who had already taken them.A. except B. including C. among D. with解析：题意表“林先生把书发给了所有的学生，除了领过的”，即表把已经领过书的排出在外。拓展1：( ) 1. - What other foreign language can you say _German? - Spanish（西班牙语）. A. except B. besides C. among 解析：题意为“除了德语，你还学习了其它什么外语？”即德语也包括在所学外语内，算作整体的一部分。 betweenand表“两者之间”，between +名次复数，表“（名词代表的事物）中的两两之间”。among表“（范围为三者和三者一样的）之中”。( ) Guess, how much does it cost?I think it costs 15 and 20 dollars. A. from B. between C. among D. with解析：此题表“花费在15到20美元之间”。 （答案：B）拓展1：( ) - How do you usually get relaxed _ classes at school? - By listening to music. A. among B. between C. with D. in 解析：此处表达的不是在“学校的课程当中”，而是表示“学校课与课之间（两两之间）”。 类似的用法还有循环赛中的between teams“队伍与队伍之间（两两之间）”。 （答案：B）考点四：方式、手段介词with, by, in 以上单词都可翻译成“用”“通过”，但区别很大。by表“以。方式（某种抽象的手段）”。后只能加名词原形，如by hand, by bus。如果搭配动词则用v-ing形式，如：by listening to raido.如果搭配的交通工具前有修饰词，则用in/on, 试比较：1. He goes to school by car. （此时by car为“乘汽车”这种抽象的概念）2. He goes to school in his fathers car. （此时his fathers car不再是一种抽象的概念， 而表示某个具体的车辆。所以此时用in） With 表“使用工具（某种具体工具）或器官”，如look with your eyes, eat with chopsticks, 表使用某种语言、原料（包括颜色、墨水、颜料等）、衣服等则使用介词in。如 write in red ink, talk in English, a girl in red dress, a dress in red color等。考点五：常考介词短语1. about=around=round 三个介词都有以下两个含义： 1）“大约，接近”about/around/round 5 books 大约5分书2）“在周围，围绕着”people about/around(多表静态)/round（多表动态）her她附近（周围）的人们2. as意为“作为”，like意为“好像，似乎”( ) Nowadays people use mobile phones _ cameras. A. as B. like C. with D. by解析：选项B表“如今，人们把手机像相机来使用”，而题意想表达“如今，人们把手机作为照相机来使用”，即用手机来照相。 （答案：）3. against 1）靠着，碰着（接触）the desk against the wall 靠墙的桌子2）be against 反对(反义词为be for) Whos against the plan? 谁反对这个计划？3)逆着，与。（方向）相反 swim against the river 逆流而游 walk against the wind 逆风行走( ) -It is saidthat anewzoo willbe built inour town.-Im_it.Zoosare terrible for animals. A. through B. besides C. against D. except解析：题意为“我反对。动物园对动物们来说是个恐怖的地方”。如果表“我同意”可以说：I am for it. (答案：C)4. for 1) 为了 She does it for her son. 她这样做是为了她的孩子。2) 表目的地 the ship for Beijing 去北京的船 I will leave Beijing for Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天将离开北京去（目的地是）北京。3）表“因为” Thank you for helping me. 感谢你（因为）你帮助了我。You must hold on to your dream for any reason. 为了任何一个理由，你都要坚持你的梦想。4) 表“对。而言”for breakfast 对早餐而言 For listening, I do listening practice every day. 对听力而言，我每天都做听力练习。5) 表价值，和价钱 I bought my wife that dress for/ at 5,000. 我给妻子买这个裙子花了5000美元。5. beyond 1）在尽头，另一边There is a house beyond the hill. 在山的尽头（那一边）有一个屋子。2）超越 Its beyond me! 超越我的能力（我做不到）！( ) - What do you think of what he did in class? - What he did really _ my imagination（想象）! A. through B. above C. beyond D. over 解析：只有beyond才能表“超过（某范围）之外”。题意为“他的行为超出了我的想象”。Over仅表示（位置关系）“在之上”和（数量上）多于。，不代表程度上超过。（答案：）7. off 1）远离（朝离开的方向）He runs off.他跑远了。2）脱离，不接触 The raincoat can keep off the rain. 雨衣能隔雨。Keep off the grass.远离草地。He takes off his coat.他脱掉了外套。3）（机器）不工作了 turn the lights off把灯关掉 4）（人）不上班，不上课 I have three days off. 我有三天的假期（不上班或不上课）。( ) 1. The raincoat can keep _ the rain. A. off B. out C. into D. on 解析：题意为“雨衣能隔雨”。Off表示让两个物体分离或各自朝远离方向运动。 （答案：A）五、满分训练营5年河南A卷巡礼1-5BCADB 6-7BB( )1.The guide dog（向导犬）can keep the blind_ danger. (2005) A. in B. out of C. with D. inside( ) 2. Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street. Its too dangerous. Lets go and help him the road. (2007) A. through B. along C. across D. over( ) 3.My father asked me to sit _him and handed me a watch which was a gift from him. (2007 ) A. next to B. around C. behind D. away from( )4.We will never forget what happened _the afternoon of May 12,2008. (2008_ A. in B. by C. at D. on ( ) 5.The painter sold the picture _500 dollars because he thought it was worth the price. (2008) . A. over B. for C. about D. among( ) 6.-When is Henrys birthday party?- The 18th, _ about three oclock in the afternoon. (2009) A. in B. at C. on D. to ( )7. My father asked me why I would like to be a cook. I explained that cooking was _43_ painting a picture or writing a book. Every meal was a work of creation. (2009) A. with B. like C. about D. above 4年河南B卷巡礼1-5DBADD( ) 1._the end of the concert, the singer gave many thanks to the audience. (2005) A. By B. In C. To D. At( ) 2. -How soon will you father be back? (2005) - _ two weeks. A. For B. In C. Since D. After ( ) 3. - Why are you in such a hurry? - Well, I have to show up in the meeting _ 8 oclock. (2006) A. by B. after C. since D. until ( ) 4. Mark was asked a lot of questions _ in the interview. (2007) A. by B. on C. until D. during ( ) 5. When the plane flew _ the clouds, I looked out and found the sight was really beautiful. (2008) A. on B. at C. off D. over 中考题源考点一 15BBBBB( )1.There is going to be a wonderful party _ the evening of October 1st, 2009. A. in B. on C. at D. for( )2. A new baby came to the earth _ a sunny winter morning. How nice. A. in B. on C. of D. at( )3. -When were you born?-I was born _ the morning of May 7th , 1995. A. in B. on C. at( )4. The engineer will return from Macao_ a few days. A. since B. in C. on D. after ( )5. - Hurry up, the train will leave _ five minutes! - Yeah, only five minutes left. A. after B. in C. at D. for ( )6. We had a meeting _ the end of last month. A. at B. in C. by D. to ( )7. - When do we need to pay the money I owed（欠） you？ - _ September 30. A. In B. By C. with D. from 考点二：方位介词 610ABDCB ( )8. 1. The food my country is quite different _ that here. A. in; like B. to; from C. from; to D. in; from( )9. Tom told me his parents had arrived Beijing. A. about B. onC. inD. to( )10. Look, Tina is waiting _ the bus stop. A. for B. at C. in D. to ( )11. These computers are made _ Japan.1115ABCBD A. in B. from C. of D. by ( )12. Taiwan lies _ the east of China and also _ the east of Fujian. A. on, in B. in, to C. on, to D. on, in ( )13. It is said this kind of cloth is made _silk and it is made _China. A. in; of B. of; on C. of; in D. with, from ( )14. -Why are you standing there, Maggie? - I cant see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _ me. A. behind B. in front of C. beside D. next to ( )15. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B. past C. through D. over ( )16. There is an old bridge _ the river.1620CBABB A. through B. in C. over D. on ( )17. There were so many people at the door and the little girl couldnt get _ them. A. between B. through C. across D. beyond ( )18. The moon light came in _ the window and made the room quite bright. A. through B. across C. past D. over ( )19. There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _ the room. A. from B. into C. onto D. with 考点三( )20. In Zhejiang there will be a bridge over 30 kilometers long _Ningbo and Jiaxing. A. beside B. between C. next to D. from ( )21. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. A. except B. besides C. with D. like ( )22. -I dont think I can finish the work _ your help!2125BBBAD - Well, its my pleasure to help you! A. with B. without C. for C. because of 考点四( )23. Lin Lin o