高考短文改错考点及解题技巧.doc

高考英语改错题的考点及解题技巧高考短文改错多为词法错误和句法错误，主要类型有多词，漏词，错词等几种错误。多词采用删除的方法改正，漏词采用加词的方法改正，错词采用改词的方法改正。高考英语句子表达有单句和复合句两种。单句中主要是名词单复数的错误，多为改词纠正；动词时态用法的错误（时间一致性，搭配一致性，主谓人称数量一致性），多为改词纠正；动词语态的错误，多为加词改正或删词纠正；系表结构中形容词、副词选择性错误，多为改词纠正；形容词、副词比较等级错误，多为改词或加词纠正；感叹句结构中，冠词用法错误，多为删词，加词或改词纠正； 复合句两种，一是并列句中连词错误，多为改词纠正；另一种是主从句，多为从句引导词错误，多为改词纠正。高中的英语改错题一般会在以下几个方面设错误点：1 动词时态。看看题中的动词时态是否符合语境；2 主谓一致。看看谓语动词的形式是否与主语相符；3 逻辑错误。例如本来该用Her的地方用了His，这种问题结合全文语境便知；4 常见固定短语错误。例如be proud of它少了of，细心一些；5 常见的语法知识错误。例如定语从句中关系代词的选用。基本上就是这些啦！按照这些套路来，基本上是换汤不换药。可见，要提高改错水平，一要词法和句法知识够用，二要对常错的形式有所认识，三是要养观察错误的敏锐性，四是要心态乐观，要做到粗中有细，粗细结合。解题技巧：一、检查主谓是否一致 谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致，这是改错的考点之一。例如： 1. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.cost应改为costs，因其主语是it（为形式主语），且上下文均为一般现在时。 2. There are branch library in many villages. 句中library应改为复数形式libraries，因为前面是there are， 主谓应一致。 3. Playing football not only. but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. 此句的主语是playing football，视为第三人称单数，其谓语give 应改为gives。 主谓一致的情况较为复杂,有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视，答题时要高度重视。 二、检查时态是否一致 时态错误几乎是每年NMET短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相一致。例如： 1. I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away. And it is really great to see most of my old friends again. is 应改为was，与上一分句的时态一致。 2. They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. have 与前面句子中offered时态不一致，应改为had。 3. My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。三、检查指代是否一致 指代错误也是高考改错题中的考点。注意短文中出现的每一个代词（包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等），检查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确或前后指代是否一致。例如： 1. And I cant forget the food you cooked for I. 人称代词作介词的宾语,故要用其宾格，I应改为me。 2. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 句子的主语the Smiths表示的是复数概念“史密斯一家人”，故其指代词应该用第三人称复数their而不是his。 3. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 关系副词where在引导定语从句时不可作主语，应将其改为关系代词which。四、检查平行结构是否保持一致 由and，or，but，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等并列连词连接的平行结构，在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。例如： 1. Modern people know.， have better food，and to live in cleaner surroundings. 应将to live前的to删掉，因为and连接的是know，have，live三个并列的谓语动词，其时态和形式必须一致。 2. He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than go into the forest and getting lost. go . and getting显然不平行，应将getting改为get。 3. It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove显然与and前面的meet不平行，应改为drive。五、检查行文逻辑是否一致 检查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词（如come与go，take与bring）的误用所造成的， 应多从这方面去查找。例如： 1. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，应该是when/whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。 2. We tried to fix it and it still didnt work. 根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and应改为表示转折关系的but。 六、检查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致 名词数的错误也是高考考点。要检查一下名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。例如： 1. They have been to Europe many time. time（次）显然与修饰语many不一致，应改为times。 2. They asked me lots of question. question是可数名词，其修饰词是lots of，当然应该用复数questions。 3. We often watch football match on TV together. 根据上下文和该句中的often 来判断，句中的match 应该是matches。 以上只是一些基本方法的介绍和分析，要真正提高改错能力，还需要在日常学习中不断练习、总结，通过强化训练来提高自己的综合能力短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Passage1（2012年全国统一考试课程标准卷）I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when tings did wrong I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.Passage2（2012年全国统一考试浙江卷） Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do. Passage3（2013年全国统一考试全国新课标卷） I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have known.Passage4(2013年全国统一考试全国新课标卷) The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800s. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, i