2008.06河南省研究生学位英语真题.doc

English Qualification Examination Paper For the 2007 Postgraduates of Henan Province(June 22, 2008) Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 25 points)Section A: Mini-talksDirections: In this section, you will hear 5 mini-talks. At the end of eachmini-talk, there will be a question. Both the mini-talk and the question will bespoken only once. After that, you can read the four choices and decide which isthe best answer. Blacken the letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.1. A. A math teacher and his colleague.B. A teacher and his student.C. A student and his classmate.D. A librarian and a student. 2. A.$39. B. $35. C.$4. D.$5. 3. A. At home. B. Out of town.C. At a movie. D. At a ball game. 4. A. A washing machine. B. A tape recorder.C. A camera. D. A computer. 5. A. He has some work to do.B. The woman is going to do that.C. His boss is coming to see him.D. He doesnt feel like eating any bread today.Section B: PassagesDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage a few questions will be asked about what you have heard. After you hear each question, read the four choices in the test paper and decide which one is the best answer. You will hear each passage and the questions only once. Blacken the letter of your choice on your Answer Sheet.Passage 16.A. They are kept in open prisons.B.They are allowed out of the prison grounds.C.They are ordered to do cooking and cleaning.D.They are a small portion of the prison population.7.A. Some of their prisoners are allowed to study or work outside prisons.B.Most of their prisoners are expected to work.C.Their prisoners are often sent to special centers for skill training.D.Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families.8.A. They are encouraged to do maintenance for the training centre.B.Most of them get paid for their work.C.They have to cook their own meals.D.They can choose to do community work.Passage 29.A. A delicate art.B. A religion.C. An exact science.D. A way of life.10.A. His general health will benefit greatly.B.He will begin to breathe more regularly.C.His flexibility will decrease.D.He will lose weight readily.11.A. Begin breathing through the nostrils.B.Slow down somewhat, but continue straining.C.Stop the particular exercise at once.D.Close his mouth immediately.Passage 312.A. He wanted to look at the toys and other goods.B.He wanted to look at the shoes he liked.C.He wanted to find a place in a row of seats.D.He wanted to mend the shoes he was wearing.13.A. Nothing.B. New shoes.C. Old shoes.D. Worn out shoes.14.A. Because he didnt want to worry his mother.B.Because he didnt like his mother to notice him.C.Because he looked worried and his mother had noticed it.D.Because he was thinking of what to tell his mother.15.A. Some people had no feet.B.He had no shoes.C.He did not have new shoes but he could get them.D.Having no feet is the worst thing in the world.Section C Spot DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from SI to SIO with exact words you have just heard. When the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. IfI introduce a topic, a S1ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you S2me, I dont expect you simply to agree and do nothing more. Iexpect you to add something a reason for agreeing, another example, or aremark to carry the idea S3 But I dont expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or S4disagree with me. Whether you agree or disagree, your S5will return the ball to me. A S6conversation, however, is not at all like tennis. Its like S7. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line. Itdepends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or astranger to S8: in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball and carefully bowl it. Everyone else S9and watches politely, givingencouragement. Every one waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of diem, or none of them. Then, after everyone is sure that you have completely S10 . the next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. Your ball is not returned.Part II. Reading Comprehension (30 minutes, 30 points) Directions: In this part, there are four passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements with four choices. Choose the best answer and blacken the letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1It is called softwood used to build houses, but these days it is producing nothing but hard feelings. In the United States, about 30% of such softwood comes from Canada. But on March 22nd, the Department of Commerce announced that it would impose a tariff ( 关税) of around 29% on Canadian softwood. The Americans contend that Canada is subsidizing (给予补助金) its timber industry, and dumping wood on to its neighbor for sale at prices that do not cover its production cost.Canadians hotly deny this, and the two sides are hiring experts to fire each other. In Canada the provincial governments own forest, and have considerable freedom in pricing their stumpage, as standing trees are oddly called. American critics say the Canadians give away those uncut trees and estimate that Canadian logging companies pay as much as 60% less for standing trees than they would if the market set the price.However, the Canadian experts concerned argue that stumpage fees cover only a small portion of what it costs a Canadian company to send lumber (木材) across the border and these companies have to build their own roads, reforest logged lands, and pay the cost of planning their sales. They feel they price their timber competitively. It is worth noting that for years American companies were themselves accused of receiving subsidies; stumpage prices for trees cut down on federal land were long criticized as too low. Then they were quiet on the subject. Now most American-produced lumber comes from private forests, but government subsidies are cancelled.In Seattle, Robb Dunn, president of a chain of ten lumber stores, says his customers will just have to put up with higher prices. Some reckon the tariff will increase new home prices by as much as $1,500. That may be a bit high. And rising interest rates may slow the American housing market, cutting demand.The two sides hope to continue talks. One way out might be an agreement under which Canada taxes its lumber companies until it reforms its pricing policies to Americas satisfaction. But Mr. Allan, for one, is not optimistic. The United States, he says, has not negotiated in good faith.16.Why do Americans feel unhappy about Canadian softwood?A.It is sold at a subsidized price.B.It produces hard feelings between the two countries.C.It dominates the American softwood market.D.Thirty percent of Canadian softwood comes into America.17.It can be learned from the passage that.A.Canadian central government sets the prices for its forestsB.the uncut trees are given to companies for freeC.Canadian companies pay 60% less for softwood exportD.American logging companies once received subsidies from theirGovernment18.What is Canadians answer to Americans accusation?A.Stumpage fees at present are high rather than low.B.American companies are receiving subsidies from the government.C.Raising stumpage fees will not solve the problem.D.Lumber price includes many other costs.19.The reason for the Americans silence on their own lumber today is thatA.they no longer existB.Americans apply a double standardC.little lumber comes from federal landD.private forests completely control the market20. What will probably happen because of this trade war?A.Demand for wooden houses will rise.B.Customers will have to pay high prices.C.Canada will place higher tax on lumber industry.D.The US will negotiate the matter in good faith.Passage 2Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring the computers progress in the ability to learn from experience.Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be perfectly suited to the computer. All a programmer has to do is give the computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a powerful computer can analyze 40, 000 moves a second. That is an impressive speed. But there are an astronomical number of possible moves in chessliterally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in theory it could be, given enough people and enough time), there is no computer capable of holding that much data.Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able to learn from experience, to modify its own program, to deal with a relatively unstructured situationin a word, to think for itself. In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they. have gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game. There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted, winning a game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it. But there are many serious human problems which can be fruitfully approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. Other problems International and interpersonal relations, ecology and economics, and the ever-increasing threat of world faminecan perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers.21.The purpose of creating chess-playing computers is.A.to win the world chess championB.to pave the way for future intelligent computersC.to work out strategies for international warsD.to find an accurate yardstick for measuring computer progress22.According to this passage, a chess-playing computer can be programmed toA.give trillions of responses in a second to each possible move and winthe gameB.function with complete data and beat the best playersC.reason, learn and sometimes to win the gameD.defeat world champion chess players23.For a computer to think, it is necessary to.A.manage to process as much data as possible in a secondB.program it so that it can learn from experienceC.prepare it for chess-playing firstD.enable it to deal with a relatively structured situations24.The authors attitude towards the Defense Department is.A. critical B. unconcernedC. positiveD. negative25.In the authors opinion,.A.winning a chess game is an unimportant eventB.serious human problems shouldnt be regarded as playing a gameC.ecological problems are more urgent to be solvedD.there is hope for more intelligent computersPassage 3In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged Operation Safe Travel raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification. In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers illegal status made them open to blackmail (讹诈) by terrorists.Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. Were saying we want you to work in these places, were going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when its convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in term of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then youre disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons, Anderson said.If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerrys ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her familyare living under the threat of deportation (驱逐出境). Castros case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerrys.26.According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation.A.composed of people having different valuesB.encouraging individual pursuitsC.sharing common interestsD.founded on shared ideals27.How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about Operation SafeTravel?A. Guilty.B. Offended.C. Disappointed.D. Discouraged.28.Undocumented workers becamethe target of Operation Safe Travelbecause_.A.evidence was found that they were potential terroristsB.most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacksC.terrorists might take advantage of their illegal statusD.they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport29.By saying .were going to look the other way in terms of what our lawsare (Line 2, Para 4), Mayor Anderson means .A.we will turn a blind eye to your illegal statusB.we will examine the laws in a different wayC.there are other ways of enforcing the lawD.the existing laws must not be ignored30.What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?A.She will be deported sooner of later.B.She is allowed to stay permanently.C.Her case has been dropped.D.Her fate remains uncertain.Passage 4Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds, commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern toy-bear. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling (咿呀学语), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31.The purpose of Frederick IIs experiment was.A.to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing anyhuman speechC.to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child tospeakD. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a languag