四级试题的解题技巧就(听力).doc

Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A Short Conversations(10%)一、Short Conversations的题型分析1. Short Conversations的特点一般为日常对话，内容广泛，大致以衣食住行等日常生活为主要话题。句子都不长，而且用词也不难，但是口语性强。这就要求考生应结合语气、语调、习语等各因素去理解对话的内容。2Short Conversations的应试技巧1)抓住关键词听录音文字主要是获取信息，不等于每个词都听懂。事实上只要抓住关键，抓住要点，就能听懂全句，而所谓关键就是在听单句时，善于捕捉主要信息，尤其是一些关键的动词、名词、否定词等。2)丰富日常词汇(熟记有关日常生活等话题方面的词语) 下面这些生活常用词汇词在对话中出现频率高，而且是短文信息的主要载体，他们有助于听者推断出对话内容、对话场景、以及对话者的关系等。如：(1）学校常用词汇homework, exam, test, term, semester term paper, required course, elective/optional course, dormitory, thesis, degree, credit system, scholarship, academic record, score, mark, etc.(2) 银行、邮局常用词汇travelers check, cash, deposit(存款), interest, ordinary mail(平信), long distance call, stamp, envelope, postage(邮资), registered letter(挂号信), airmail, parcel, package etc.(3) 机场、车站常用词汇ticket office, make a reservation, boarding card, gate, seat belt, take off, land, platform, sleeping car, conductor(市内有轨电车或公共汽车售票员, 列车长), flight, see sb. off, etc.(4) 旅馆、餐厅常用词汇reception desk(旅馆, 饭店的接待处), a single/double room, menu, order, waiter, waitress, pay the bill, salad, soup, beef, dessert, soft drink(不含酒精的饮料), beer, wine, book a room, spicy(辛辣的), go Dutch (各人付自己的帐), tip, etc.(5) 商场常用词汇do some shopping. on sale, in stock, supermarket, department store, mens suit, size, color, style, fashion, price tag(价格标签), blue jeans (牛仔裤), T-shirt, shirt, pants(.裤子, 短裤), sweater(.厚运动衫, 毛线衫), shoes, etc.(6) 图书馆常用词汇due, overdue(延误的, 过期的), fine, renew(续借), journal(定期刊物, 杂志), novel, shelf, periodical, library card, reference books, etc.(7) 海关检查常用词汇customsdeclare(向海关中报进口应纳税之货物), luggage, claim, duty free(免税的), visa(签证), passport, embassy(大使馆), consulate(领事馆), etc.(8) 办公室常用词汇tying, copy, document, report, make a telephone call, arrange an appointment, make an appointment with sb., file, etc.3)掌握常用词、词组和习语eg. be born with a silver wooden spoon in ones mouth生在富贵贫穷 的人家have sth. on the tip of ones tongueat no time, under no circumstances4)注意第二说话人的讲话语气；注意but, because, so等词引导的句子。 Model Test One(P.2) conversation 95）熟悉题型的各种提问形式(1)PlaceWhere does this conversation probably take place?Where did it happen?Where is ?What kind of store is she going to?(2)TimeWhen does the conversation take place?When does the man want to leave?When did the football match start?How long did it take the man to write his paper?(3)RelationshipWhat is the probable relationship between the two speakers?(4)OccupationWhats the womans job?Whats the profession of the man?Who is the woman probably speaking to?What does he do?(5)Key WordsWhat does the mean?What does the man say about?(6)Comprehensive DeductionWhat do we learn from the conversation?What does the conversation tell us?Why cant the woman find the book?What is the man doing?What will the weather be like?Whats their opinion of Lindas brother”What does the man mean?What can we conclude from the mans reply?What happened to the woman?What was the consequence of the accident?(7)“But”What do we learn from this conversation?How does the man feel about his job?What did the man do last night?Why cant Professor Hill answer her questions now?(8)Subjunctive MoodIf I., main clause.I wish+clause（谓语动词提前一个时态）If only. （谓语动词提前一个时态I would rather that谓语动词提前一个时态.Its （high，about）time that+(谓语动词使用past tense)(9)SuggestionWhy dont you?Why not ?Why bother(not)?How about?Wouldnt be wiser?Would do?(10) Comparison否定词比较级=最高级I never feel better now.Section B Three Passages (10%) 一、Section B的题型分析1.Section B短文的特点Section B的短文都比较长，一般都在150170字之间。2.Section B短文的体裁考试中最常见的体裁有这样几种：小故事，说明文以及科普短文。小故事从历年听力理解Section B的考题来看，小故事出现的频率是最高的，可以这样说，几乎每次考试都会出现小故事。科普短文它在听力测试中所占的比率也是相当大的，同时它也是考生感到最困难的一种体裁。科普短文之所以让考生感到困难，主要是由它自身的特点所决定的。首先，科普短文通常采用顺序手法，条理清楚、层次分明、结构严谨；其次，科普短文结构较为复杂，用词非常准确，还会夹杂一些专业术语，因此听起来感到困难不少；另外，由于科普短文的内容与科学技术有关，而这些内容多半为考生所不熟知，所以不可避免地会给考生带来很多困难。说明文说明文是听力测试中另一种常见的形式，他通常用来说明一些社会问题或介绍一些生活常识。所涉及的内容大都是考生常见的、关心的或熟知的，比如学校收费、衣着式样、交通堵塞等等。说明文经常以夹叙夹议的形式出现，即作者在对某具体事实进行说明后，还通常表明自己的观点、或赞成，或反对，或保持中立。3.Section B短文的提问方式短文听力部分所提出的问题一般包括以下几个方面:就短文的中心思想、主题提问就短文中列举的重要的事实的时间、数字、频度、地点提问。就短文中所出现的人物身份以及他们之间的关系提问。就人物的观点和所持有的态度提问。二、Section B 的解题技巧1.先看后听在拿到试卷后，千万不要坐等录音开播，而应该立刻打开试卷，迅速将Section B中10个问题的选择项浏览一遍，这个浏览过程可以一直持续到听音说明（Directions）的结束，这段时间约为分钟。考生在这段时间应把以下几点：预测短文内容即通过选择项里反复出现的有特别指向的词或词组来预测出短文的内容。预测问题即通过分析单个选择项的含义和一个选择项之间内在关系预测短文后困难出现的问题。预测问题作为应试听力考试的一个常用技巧，在听力考试中起着极其重要的作用。它不仅可以使考生对短文的测试重点有所了解，还可使考生有目的地去听去所需要的信息，从而避免在一些非重点的信息和词句上浪费时间。熟悉比较陌生的词句和用法即通过阅读选择项对短文中可能出现的一些比较陌生的词句和用法有所了解。在短文中我们会经常遇到这种情况，它们常给考生带来不少的困难，但只要考生在听音前抓紧时间先浏览一遍，尽量回忆或揣摸它们的意思，这样在正式听音时就会胸有成竹，遇乱不惊了。2.边听边记人的瞬间记忆往往只能延续几秒钟，而一篇短文听完至少也得1分钟，所以边听边记将听音过程中出现的比较重要的信息和细节用笔记录下来，这样在回答问题是就有了可靠的依据l Section B (Compound Dictation)的解题技巧步骤一：听前迅速浏览全文，力求理解内容大意。（general idea of the article）步骤二：在初步了解内容大意的基础上，再把每个空格所在句子的前后内容从语法角度来考虑。步骤三：从习用法、词汇和短语的角度，结合空格前后内容来进行思考。步骤四：从上下文角度来进行逻辑推理。 熟悉题型 四级听力测试中常见的题型为：判断题：分值比例较大它要求考生判断事情发生的时间、地点、人物、职业、身份等。计算题：要求考生在听完几个数字好，运用简单的四则运算，得出与某选择项相同的数字。这些数字可能是时间、年龄、物价、日期、钟点、人数、产值、利润等。因此一听到有关数字即应记下来以备选答。词汇题：测试考生对某个词汇、词组甚至短语的理解能力。如果理解不当，很难做出正确选择。例如：语法题：测试考生对某个语法现象所表达的意思是否理解。（如虚拟、倒装、强调、否定、让步等）综合推理题：这类题型难度较大，要求考生不仅能听懂对话或短文的内容，而且还要根据说话人的身份、语调、语境来体会字里行间的含义。常见问句形式为：What can we learn from the conversation?What does the speaker mean?Part II Reading Comprehension一、熟悉阅读理解出题方式，掌握解题技巧，会对提高阅读能力和速度一定的促进作用。1、主题思想（大意、主旨）的提问方式（主旨题）1) This passage is mainly about _2) What is the best title for this passage?3) From the passage we learn that _4) The authors purpose in writing this passage is to _5) The key point of the passage is that _6) The article is written to explain _7) The main idea of the passage is about _8) Whats the main topic for this article?解题方法：这类题主要测试考生对短文的全面理解程度和概括能力，一般不易直接找到答案。最简单而且行之有效的方法是仔细研读文章开头一、二句通常是文章的主题句，然后用快读的方法浏览文章每段首句和结尾句。如果第一段的主题句不能明确，可注意结尾是否有总结概括。在具体选项是要注意全面性和综合性。排除在文章中确实提到过的单一或偏向问题的干扰项。2. 对细节或事实提问的方式（细节题）1) When did the American Civil War breakout?2) How many states belonged to the Confederacy?3) Who was the President of the Southern States?4) Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the passage?5) According to the author, communication is _6) The author is most critical of _7) National history exhibits differ from art exhibits in that they _8) The mans first job is _解题方法：细节题所涉及到的内容都是文章的直截了当的事实。考生只要抓住提问中关键词语，大部分都可以在文章直接找到答案，不用拐弯抹角地归纳、综合。也不要根据自己的主观假设或推测，或用自己的观点和背景知识去选择答案。值得注意的是这些问题的表达常常不是采用文章的原词、原句，而是使用同义词或近义词解释方式进行提问。考生应根据问题快速扫视到文章中相关的部分，细读后确定正确答案。查到关键词句是最好在下面划线做记号，引起注意，以便对照参考。3. 对词汇、短语提问方式（词语题）1) In Line 4, the word “acquaintances” most nearly means _2) The word “Utilizing” in the third paragraph could be correctly replaced by _3) In the 4th sentence of the second paragraph “But we pay for our sensitivity” means _4) In Line 5, the word “remembering” can be best explained as _5) The word “them” in Line 10, Para. 2 refers to _ 解题方法：词语题比较难，这样是找替换词。解题时要尽量利用上下文的线索和信息。对于关键的线索要从多角度思考入手。有些词虽是常用词或词组，但在文章中其词义可能被引申或扩展，有的常用词词义表示我们平时甚至熟知的意思而是该词某一个常被忽略的意思。因此考生切忌粗心大意，不可自己认为认识某个词就匆忙决定选项。要依靠上下文找出正确的答案。有时还可以利用词根、词缀、正反词、举例、重述说明、背景知识等猜词技巧来确定词意。4. 推断题提问方式1. From the last paragraph we can infer that _2. What the wise man said suggests that _3. It can be concluded from the passage that_4. It can be inferred from this sentence that _5. Implied but not stated: _6. In the authors opinion _7. According to the author, _8. The tone of the author is _解题方法：推断题对考生来说是阅读中最难的一类题。答案一般在文中不能直接找到。解题时要求考生不但要理解句子的字面意思，还必须能根据提问中的某些关键词和文章中相关的内容加以逻辑判断和推理，进而理解文章隐含的意义和深层的含义。切勿脱离原文胡乱进行发挥性推理。5. 预测题出题方式1) The passage is most likely a part of _2) We may assume that in the next paragraph the writer will discuss _3) What did they discuss before this paragraph? 解题方法：此种练习是要求考生不但要运用所掌握的语言知识，还要善于运用语言外的知识来加深阅读能力。必须在读懂全文的基础上才能判断出文章是什么文件的一部分，或下段将讨论什么，前段讨论过什么。二、阅读理解试题所选文章的内容广泛，题材各异。了解考试中常见到的文章（或短文）是必要的。 记叙文记叙文包括故事、人物小传、新闻报道、史地知识等。如果是故事或传记，就应特别注意找出主要人物，事件发生的时间、地点、主要情节及最后的结局。故事传记主要是叙述主人公的主要特点（特征，他与其他重要人物之间的关系也应同时记住）。新闻报道和史地知识介绍往往是一人一事地介绍，比故事、传记要简单，但也离不开记叙文的基本特点。2. 说明文说明文包括科普类文章，通常涉及到计算机、医学、生物、激光等科普短文。这类文章是利用记叙形式说明某一事物的性质、构成、用途、使用方法等；主要进行主观的介绍，但有时也夹带一点议论。说明文一般要抓住两点：1) 所说明事物的基本概念和特点。2) 与另一事物的相互关系和区别。如科普类文章，则除基本概念外，还应注意搞清某些重要的数据事实。数据包括距离、面积日、重量、温度以及它具体数字。3. 论说文论说文包括有关政治、经济、社会各方面的议论。遇到此类文章，首先应掌握议论的主题，其次是作者的论据（包括主要理由，事实或数据），最后是结论。为了使其论点更为充分，作者往往要批判或反对他认为错误的立论，因此对于主要的批判论点与所持论点有关的人物、时间、事实或例证也应记住。4. 应用文应用文包括说明书、广告、书信、通知、目录等。做这类题时应抓住文中主要说明或介绍部分的中心内容以及所要回答问题的细节。 Reading Attack SkillsHow to figure out meanings for Word Meanings I. Using Context Clues for Word MeaningsContext Clue I: Definition1. All other birthdays are called sing il(born day). The sixty-first birthday is called huan gup(beginning of new life)2. The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water3. Jane is indecisive, that is, she cant make up her mind. Context Clue 2 Restatement1. He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.2. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a noxious gas which can cause death3. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.Context Clue 3 General knowledge1. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.2. Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.3. “We have found that no one in the freshman class can add, multiply, subtract or divide simple sums. Therefore, we are setting up a special remedial arithmetic course, ”Context Clue 4 Related information1. “She went to school for 12 years and she cant write a sentence?” Timken said. “They made an illiterate out of my daughter!”2. Timken was now angryOnce again he flew into a rage.3. Just before the exam Carls hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach ached, even though he knew the subject very well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests4. “We are happy to announce that we started a remedial reading class for college freshmen and strongly advise that your daughter Laura participate in it. If she doesnt, it is our opinion that Laura will not be able to keep up with her studies”“The English Department has informed us that your daughter Laura cannot write. They have suggested that she enroll in the remedial writing class.”“We have found that no one in the freshman class can add, multiply, subtract or divide simple sums Therefore we are setting up a special remedial arithmetic course”Context Clue 5 Examples1. Select any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, Newsweek, Readers Digest or The New Yorker.2. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.3. They had been putting in place the tools of my new business: currycomb, brush, pitchforkeverythingContext Clue 6 Comparison1. The snow was falling. Big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers2. The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork in waterContext Clue 7 Contrast1. Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time. 2. Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.3. Peter was not frugal since he spent money so freelyII . Using Word Part Clues For Word Meanings1. Dividing Compound Wordspickpocket onlooker peacemakerrunaway babysitter smog2. Recognizing Prefixes and Suffixesillogical replay attractionsharpen divisible careless Part III Vocabulary 词汇题主要测试词义和搭配俩内容。一、词义1. 词类相同而词义不同What the speaker said later does not agree with what he declared in his _remarksA. prior B. preciousC. usual D. subsequent2. 词形相似而词义不同的词Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.A. expanded B. exploredC. exploded D. exported In the theatre the actors are very _ to the reaction of the audience. A. sensible B. emotional C. sensitive D. positive 以下是一些词形相似而词义不同的词：extensively excessively intense intensive evident evidence extend extent adapt adopt objective objection tend trend wander wonder considerate considerable staff stuff decline incline solution evolution content contest formal format partial particle like likely require inquire principal principle prescribe describe effective efficient physicist physician personal personnel dissolve resolve terrible terrific venture adventure release relieve proceed process dictation dictator resolution revolution context consent former formula alike(a.) unlike(a.) dislike(v.)3. 同义词与近义词这类词汇题的特点是四个选项可能都是同义词或近义词，也可能两个到三个选项是同义词或近义词。Today, household chores have been made much easier by electrical _. A. appliances B. equipment（U） C. facilities(pl.) D. instruments4. 派生词大纲规定考生应该认知一定数量的常用词汇，并能根据构词法和上下文识别常见的派生词。We must try not to _ the existing splits within the party. A. deepen B. widen C. lighten D. soften5. 容易混淆的词英语中不少单词，词形跟相似，意义上又有关联。 Many difficulties have _ as a result of the changeover to a new type of rule. A. raised B. arisen C. risen D. roused 下面列出一些容易混淆的词：economy economic economical economicsassure ensure insure reassurerespect respectable respectful respectivelive alive lively livingcloth clothe clothes clothingrise raise arise rousecircle circular circuit circulate二、搭配1. 动词搭配。turn (out, up , down, on); One cause of the collapse of the country was that its leadership failed to _ the development of world economy. A. put up with B. make up for C. catch up with D. stand up with2. 介词搭配。(1) 介词名词介词Most people were not as much _ the new regulation as was previously thought.A. in return for B. in case of C. in favor of D. in honor of (2) 介词形容词Generally speaking, women are not as _ on football as men.A. keen B. interested C. familiar D. delighted(3) 介词名词at large, in secret, in pubic (4) 名词介词。与to 搭配的名词有：key, approach, answer, appeal, application, access, attention, contribution, damage, objection, reaction, solution, attitude, etc(4) 形容词介词。由out of 组成的词组：out of breath, out of date, out of control, out of question, out of doors, out of order, out of sight, out of touch, out of work, out of balance, etc.Part II Cloze 做这类题必须具有一定的阅读理解能力，掌握相当数量的词汇，并能正确运用语法知识。即考考生阅读能力又考其综合运用能力。解这类题时首先要通读全文，理解文章的大概意思，并对照所提供的四个选项做出正确的判断。考生可根据以下几方面着手：） 利用上下文线索或逻辑推理进行选择。） 寻找信息词。包括上下文中出现过的关键词、固定搭配、习惯用法等。） 根据语法规则和结构知识做出选择。Par