BEC口语第一部分典型话题归纳.doc

A. Ways of working1. FreelanceIts great because Im my own boss ,but I still work with lots of different people.2. Teleworking(远程工作)It san get a bit lonely at times. And I miss my colleagues and all the office gossip. My children are at school so it lets me spend more time with them.3. Job-sharingWhen one of us wants a week off, the other person does a few extra days so its fairly flexible.4. Flexitime(弹性工作制)I like it because it/s only for a couple of months and Im saving up to go round the world.5. Shift work(换班工作、轮班工作、倒班)Disadvantage: The only problem is sleeping. Your body never knows if its night or day!6. Part-time7. Temping（打临时工）8. Consultancy9. Hot-deskingAdvantages: I wish I had my own space.I have to carry everything around in my bag and sometimes theres nowhere to sit. Tips of job-sharing 1. Find the perfect partner Find someone you like. Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame.2. Open your mind Bosses should consider requests for flexible working from employees with children under six. So embrace the benefits: Twice as much experience, skills, brainpower and energy.3. Plan for disasterIf our partner have something to leave, a return to full-time work seemed inevitable. We have to manage to find someone else who fitted with us.4. Get organised Plan the system for handing work over carefully and play to each others different strengths. Delegate the workload according to each others particular skills and qualities.5. Set your limitsManagers should clarify what they expect in terms of hours, availability and results, and employees should manage their employers expectations.6. Put pan to paper Agree in writing arrangements for holidays, parental leave, retirement and so on. Everyone should stand from the beginning.7. Dont feel guiltyDo not be guilty for not being in the office everyday.8. Two become one A job-sharing should be a marriage-one voice, one unit.Working from home 1. Even at home, always set yourself a timetable.2. You need to find a quiet place to work ,where there are no distractions.3. If communicate with a client on the phone today rather than face-to face, its still important to dress for work as normal.4. You will still need peace and quiet at home. Dont answer the door to neighbours or make social calls.5. Once you have been working from home for a while, you might feel a bit lonely. It might be worth going into the office once or twice a week.6. After you have been at the computer for a few hours, remember to take a break-why bot leave the house and go for a walk outside.7. Be strong. When a friend calls and asks you out to lunch, say what you would say in any other job.8. Make sure colleagues and clients can reach you and answer the phone as though you are in the office.B. DelegatingTips:1. Tailor work to individualIt should be challenging and make use of their specific skills-skills that you may not have.2. Delegate complete tastThis is much more satisfying for the person delegated to than bits and pieces. If people feel they have ownership of a whole manageable project,they will usually rise to the challenge.3. Give incentivesExplain why the job is important and why you have chosen them. Also explain what the rewards are possibly financial or psychological.4. Define the expectations and objectivesSpecify what results are need, the deadline, and how often the employee should update you. 5. Avoid misunderstandAfter you have briefed the person, ask them to explain back to you what theyre going to do to ensure the instructions are clear.6. Let go Dont check up on them, but allow them space to work on their own. 7. Be positiveGive lots of praise, helpful feedback and constructive criticism. It boosts confidence save time next time. C. Stating a businessSole trader1) As a sole trader, you are independent, you are your own boss.2) As a sole trader, if you go bank-break, you will become impoverished. Take a big piece of business sense add some entrepreneurial spirit.Massively entrepreneurialPartnership1) In partnership, you share risks and profits with your partner.2) You may disagree with your partner on strategy.Franchise1) Franchising enables people to both own a business and get help running2) As a franchisee, your promotional activities, financial records, hiring, service procedure are not in complete control of your own.3) A well-run franchise organization can provide a person who has never managed a business with guidance.4) Franchisors can provide a brand name, products or services, and financial assistance.5) Franchisees have to pay franchise fees and they lose some independence.6) Sometimes the training programs provided by the franchisors are weak to brief and staffed by training who do not have instructional skill.It could be a very clever move for those who want to run their own show, but don not have the experience or the desire to set up in the dangerous and often short-lived(logevity) world of sole trader. It is taking some of the risk and bringing in the support of other people.D. AdvertisingE. Arranging in-house trainingThere are a number of points to consider when arranging in-house training. The first thing is the training needs of staff. Only when we know and meet their requirements,can we improve their knowledge and skills needed for higher quality performance and more effective work. Otherwise, it will be purposeless(无决心的，无意义的，漫无目的的) and a waste of time.The second thing to remember is the quality and influence of the trainer. To make the training effective, the trainer have plays a very important role. A qualified trainer with great influence can make the training more professional, appealing and convincing. Since most staff nowadays are quite busy, they will not attend a training offered by an obscure, inexperienced and non-professional trainer. In addition to that, length of training should be well-planned. It cannot be too long or too short. A lengthy training may be tedious and exhaustive;while too short training may be fruitless.F. Selecting applicants for a jobWhen selecting applicants for a job, the first thing to consider is their personal qualities. A candidate with relevant qualities can ensure that he or she has the required abilities, knowledge or techniques pertinent to that job. And companies dont have to prepare further training for them when they start work thus reduces costs.Secondly , a candidate needs to consider the communicating ability ofi the candidate. By communicative skills , we mean having the ability to express ideas clearly , be cooperative and get on well with other people which will be very important for him or her to play a good part in the team work.G. company benefits(how to keep a staff)None cash rewards(rewards in financial as well as psychological)1. an impressive job title 2. A good salary3. Flexible working hours 4. Opportunities for promotion(promotion from within , intake ; )5. Days off and long holidays6. Training and staff development (vice-president incumbent programme)7. A pension8. Opportunities to travel (once-in-a-lifetime incentive trips)9. Parental leave 10. A company car11. Working environmentH. advertisement1. word of mouthWe tend to listen to our friends recommendations more than anything else so word of mouth is probably the most effective.2. MailshotsPizza delivery firms often do mailshots in the local area. Its cheap but lots of people probably throw the leaflet away.3. TV commercialsTV commercials reach millions of people but they are so expensive.4. SpamIt used to irritate me but my new anti-virus software seems to block any spam from my inbox.5. BannersIm not sure about banners. When I visit a website , I dont think I even notice them.6. Newspaper advertI suppose its good if youre looking for a job locally and newspaper adverts are relatively cheap.7. BrochuresPeople use brochures less and less because they can just go online if they want to find out whats available.8. SampleIts great when you get a free sample because you can really see what its like .I. Employee trainingCommunication, computer skills , customer service , diversity , ethics , human relatives , safety , sexual harassmentBenefits:(1) Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees.(2) Increased employee motivation.(3) Increased efficiencies in processes , resulting in financial gain.(4) Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods.(5) Increased innovation in strategies and products.(6) Reduced employee turnover.(7) Enhanced company image.(8) Risk managing.As a supervisor(主管), you must be impartial(公平) in selecting employees for a training. You should base your training decision on sound management practices without regard to factors such as race , color , religion , sex , sexual orientation (性取向), national origin , disability , or age.Training is important for me to handle new and more demanding assignments , maintain effective and satisfactory performance. Offering employees training should be the obligation(义务、责任) of modern organisations.Whats important when designing an effective training plan?When designing an effective training plan, its important to consider training needs, company budgets and employee commitment. Firstly, you should take time to carefully analyse your needs, figure out whether the designed training is absolutely required, or nice to have? This will help you identify your priority and choose the right type of training for your requirements.Secondly, you need to have agreement from the senior person in your company that training is a priority. This person will need to support the plan fully and agree to the budget. The amount of budget will determine what type of training you will use and how you will offer it . Last but not least, employee commitment (许诺、委托事项) is also required . Talk to your staff about their needs and goals for training . This will ensure your employees respond positively to your investment in their development. They will then value and embrace opportunities to learn new skills , thus achieving your desired effects. J. Entertaining business clientsWhen entertaining business clients, we need , first of all, to decide on the most suitable venue for the event to take place. We will probably find out in our first contact with our clients if they are more of art lovers or sports fans or gourmets(美食家), and then choose the type of entertainment: whether it should be in a restaurant or in the theatre of in some other appropriate venue for the event.It is also very important for us to have a clear plan in mind when we come to the meeting. We need to work out a list of specific business objectives to achieve. Therefore while making sure our business clients enjoy themselves, we quietly and smoothly direct the meeting step by step towards our goal.The other important aspect is the timing for bringing up the subject of business. Because inopportune(不合时宜的、不合适) mentioning of the matter of business may embarrass our clients at a social setting and discourage their interest in the business you intend to do and even ruin a fine business opportunity.K. Planing a meeting / conferenceCreating an agenda is very important when planing a meeting. Doing so helps participants know what they should talking about and keeps the conversation focused. All items to be discussed at the meeting should be listed on the agenda and the purpose of each item should be clearly indicated. Make sure copies of the agenda are available before the meeting.The size of a meeting depends on its purpose. A meeting for passing on information to employees can be fairly large, for few questions and comments are expected from the audience. If its a meeting where different ideas are contributed and a decision is to be reached, its size should be controlled to save time.A suitable venue is also important. It should be a place be a place convenient to all participants so that everyone can arrive on time.L. Attending a meeting / conferenceWhen youre deciding whether to attend a conference, speakers are a very important factor to consider. If they are well-known people knowing a lot about a particular field, or from big multinationals, the conference will be likely to be informative and you may benefit a lot from it.Venue is not so important , but if the conference is held in a