《高考英语情态动词》PPT课件.ppt

语法讲义之情态动词modalverbs 非推测性情态动词shall will must mustn t should would的用法 情态动词could should oughtto may might needn t havedone表示假设的用法 情态动词must can could may might should oughtto表猜测的用法 情态动词的一些惯用法 表示推测 情态动词的重要用法 肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测 must 对将来对现在对过去 情态动词 may might can t couldn t can could V V havedone常见mustbe bedoing V V havedone bedoing可以用not表示 可能不 V V havedone bedoing V V havedone bedoing Must havedone表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测 意为 想必 准是 一定作了某事 1 Wemusthavelearned2 000wordsbytheendoflastterm 到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 2 HemusthavegonetoBeijing 他一定已经去北京了 can could havedone表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定 通常用在否定句和疑问句中 1 Cantheyhavewonthebasketballmatch 他们可能赢了篮球赛吗 2 Itcouldn thavebeenMr Green HehasgonetoNewYork 那不可能是格林先生的 他已经去北京了 could 不用can havedone 在肯定句中表示 本来能够 而没能 具有婉转的批评和责备之意 Youcouldhavetoldmeearlier 你本该早点告诉我的 should oughtto havedone用于肯定句时 表示 本该做某事而实际上没做 用于否定句时 则表示 不该做的事反而做了 1 Youshouldhavetoldhimaweekago 你本来应该在一周前告诉他的 might 不用may havedone表示 本来可能 但实际上没有发生的事 另外 还可表示 本来应该或可以做某事 之意 含有轻微的责备语气 1 Youmightnothavetoldher 你本可以不告诉他的 事实上你告诉他了 2 Youmighthavecomeearlier 你本可以早点来的 但没有这样 needn t havedone表示做了本来不必去做的事 1 Sheneedn thavegonetothestationyesterday 昨天她本不必到火车站去的 昨天她去了 2 Youneedn thaveboughtit 你本可不必买它的 你买了 巩固练习 1 Oh I mnotfeelingwellinthestomach I somuchfriedchickenjustnow A shouldn teatB shouldn thaveeatenC mustn teatD mustn thaveeaten2 Whyhasn tJanearrivedyet She againinthemorning A shouldn thaveoversleptB mayhaveturnedoffthealarmclockC musthavenoonetocallherD shouldhavesomeonetowakeherup3 Didyougotothemoviethedaybeforeyesterday No We butwedecidednotto A shouldhavegoneB couldgoC shouldgoD couldhavegone B B A 4 Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty we soformally needn tdressB didn thavetodressupC MightnothavedressedupD needn thavedressedup5 I mrathersurprisedyouhaven treportedhimtoyourteacher Inmyopinion you thisassoonasyoufoundouthewascheating musthavedoneB mighthavedoneC shouldhavedoneD couldhavedone D C 1 作为情态动词用 常用在否定句和疑问句中 Dare need S VS daren t needn t V Idaren twalkthroughtheforestatnight Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight Youneedn treturnthebooknow Needhegoyesterday 可兼做行为动词的情态动词 need dare 2 作实义动词用 常用在肯定句中 有人称 时态 和数的变化 Heneedstogotherehimself Hehasgrownup wedon tneedtoworryabouthim 3 Sth sb need want request doing tobedoneThehouseneedscleaning tobecleanedTheboyneedssendingtothehospitalatonce 句型时态动词情态动词dare实义动词dare肯定句现在时daredodare darestodo过去时daredodaredtodo否定句现在时daren t darenotdodo doesnotdare to do过去时darednotdodidnotdare to do疑问句现在时Darehedo Doyou Doeshedare to do 过去时Daredhedo Didhedare to do 2 Iwonderhowhe thattotheteacher A daretosayB daresayingC notdaresayD daredsay D 4 Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty we soformally Aneedn tdressB didn thavetodressupC MightnothavedressedupD needn thavedressedup D hadbetter 最好 should 应该 与oughtto 应该 均为提建议 阐述观点的情态动词 其后接动词原形 should比hadbetter语气强 oughtto语气最强 一般情况下should与oughtto可通用 例1 你最好立即去那里 Youhadbettergothereatonce 例2 你应该努力工作 Yououghtto shouldworkhard 一 否定句hadbetter should oughtto用于否定句时 否定词均位于其后 具体形式为 hadbetternotdo shouldn t shouldnotdo oughtn ttodo 例1此时你最好别出发 Youhadbetternotstartatthistime 例2 她不应该浪费时间 Sheoughtn ttowastetime 二 一般疑问句hadbetter should oughtto用于一般疑问句时 分别将had should ought提至句首 例1 他最好立即出发吗 Hadhebetterstartearlyatonce 例2 你应该这么做吗 Shouldyoudolikethis 例3 他应该去那里吗 Oughthetogothere 三 反意疑问句陈述句谓语动词含hadbetter should oughtto时 反意疑问句为 had should与ought 主格人称代词或hadn t shouldn t oughtn t 主格人称代词 例1 你最好别回家 是吗 Youhadbetternotgohome hadyou 例2 你应该认真学习 是吗 Youshouldstudyhard shouldn tyou 例3 你上课不应该讲话 是吗 Heoughtn ttospeakinclass oughthe 1 Theflowerisdead I ityesterday A shouldwaterB mustwaterC shouldhavewateredD mustn thavewatered2 WhattimeoughtI A arrivedB arrivingC arriveD toarrive3 He speaktohismotherlikethat A oughtnottoB doesn toughttoC notoughttoD oughttonot4 Idon tthinkwe dbetter itanymore A discussB discussingC todiscussD discussed5 Yououghtto him butyoudidn t A helpB helpedC helpingD havehelped C D A A D 1 IsJohncomingbytrain Heshould buthe not Helikesdrivinghiscar 2002高考题 A mustB canC needD may2 Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates 候选人 remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected 2002上海高考题 A canB willC mayD shall3 Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter 2002北京高考题 It truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere A maynotbeB won tbeC couldn tbeD mustn tbe 情态动词 表示推测 不表示推测 cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughtto havetodare daren t need needn t usedto Idaren taskherforarise 我不敢请求她加薪 Howdidyoudaretotellherthat Iwonderwhetherhedarestandupinpublic Idon tknowhowshedarestowearthatdress Doyouneedanyhelp Iwonderwhetherheneedsenditimmediately Ineedhardlytellyouthattheworkisdangerous Thegardendoesn tneedwateringatthemoment Youneedn tfinishthatworktoday 可兼做行为动词的情态动词 need dare 情态动词 动词原形 行为动词 need dare 1 无人称和数的变化 2 尤其用于 否定句及疑问句中 在if whether之后 或与hardly never noone nobody连用 3 常以needn t和daren t的形式出现 4 dare有其过去时dared 多用于肯定句 sb needtododaretodo sth needtobedone sth needdoing 判断正误 Howdareyousaysuchathing Howdareyoutosaysuchathing Hedaren ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd didhe Hedaren tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd darehe Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully 注意对need问句的回答 NeedIfinishtheworktoday Yes No No youmust youneedn t youdon thaveto needn t对其它情态动词的回答 ShallItellJohnaboutit No you Mustwedoitnow No you needn t don thaveto needn t don thaveto 表示推测 情态动词的重要用法 1 YoumustbeMrSmith Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere 2 Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted 3 Wemayhavereadthesamereport 4 Hecan thavesleptthroughallthatnoise 5 There ssomeoneoutside whocanitbe 6 Whatcantheybedoing 7 Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease 8 Youcouldberight Isuppose 表示推测 情态动词的重要用法 肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测 must 对将来对现在对过去 情态动词 may might can t couldn t can could V V havedone常见mustbe bedoing V V havedone bedoing可以用not表示 可能不 V V havedone bedoing V V havedone bedoing 1 Idon tknowwheresheis she beinWuhan 2 Atthismoment ourteacher ourexampapers 这时 我们老师想必在批改试卷 3 Theroadiswet It lastnight rain 4 Yourmother foryou 你妈妈一定一直在找你 may mustbemarking musthaverained musthavebeenlooking 5 Philip seriouslyinthecaraccident 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤 6 Lindahasgonetowork butherbicycleisstillhere She go bybus 7 Mike hiscar forhecametoworkbybusthismorning 迈克一定还没有找回他的车 因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的 may might havebeenhurt may might havegone can thavefound 高考考题 1 Ithoughtyou likesomethingtoread soIhavebroughtyousomebooks A mayB mightC wouldD must2 Whereismypen I it A mightloseB wouldhavelostC shouldhavelostD musthavelost3 Ididn thearthephone I asleepA mustbeB musthavebeenC shouldbeD shouldhavebeen B D B 4 Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell It acomfortablejourneyA can tbeB shouldn tbeC mustn thavebeenD couldn thavebeen5 It snearlyseveno clock Jack behereatanymoment A mustB needC shouldD could D D 请把下列词语组合成句 1 play interesting must be new the forthedirectorissofamous 2 Seehowhappyheistoday failed he can t in the have exam 3 Peterisn tintheclassroom may playing he with be his basketball friends Thenewplaymustbeinteresting Hecan thavefailedintheexam Hemaybeplayingbasketballwithhisfriends 不同的 肯定 程度可按下列层次排列 Heisathome 事实 Hemustbeathome 非常肯定的推断 Hecouldbeathome 很可能 Heoughttobeathome 很可能 Hemaybeathome 仅仅可能而已 Hemightbeathome 或许 非常不确定 Hemightnotbeathome 也许不在家 Hemaynotbeathome 比might可能 Hecouldn tbeathome 很可能不在家 Hecan tbeathome 一定不在家 Heisn tathome 事实 在不表示推测的情态动词中 我们要注意以下考点 1 表示能力 许可的情态动词的用法 2 表示否定的情态动词的用法 3 shall和will的多种意义的区别 4 情态动词短语的使用 5 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用 表示能力 can could beableto beableto能用于各种时态 can could只能表示现在或过去的能力 was wereableto 设法做成某事 相当于managedtodosth succeededindoingsth 1 表示能力 许可的情态动词的用法 1 Acomputer thinkforitself itmustbetoldwhattodo A can tB couldn tC maynotD mightnot 2 Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone getout A hadtoB wouldC couldD wasableto A D 3 Theywill runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths A canB couldC mayD beableto4 Thatbigcinema seat2 000people A canB shouldC oughttoD isableto D A 表示许可 may might can could might could比较委婉 一般多用于疑问句 can may表达的语言比较随便 在以could might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时 回答应相应使用can may 5 CouldIborrowyourdictionary Yes ofcourseyou A mightB willC canD should6 MightIwatchTVaftersupper Yes you A mayB mustC mightD can C A 2 表示否定的情态动词的用法 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一 mustn t不准 禁止needn t没必要 don thaveto can t不能 不可能maynot不可以 可能不shouldn t不应该 oughtnotto 7 You returnthebooknow Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike A can tB mustn tC needn tD maynot8 Johnny you playwiththeknife you hurtyourself A won t can tB mustn t mayC shouldn t mustD can t shouldn t C B 9 Willyoustayforlunch Sorry Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme A Imustn tB Ican tC Ineedn tD Iwon t10 MayIpickaflowerinthegarden A No youneedn tB Not please C No youmustn tD No youwon t B C 典型错误 1 Hemustn tbeintheclassroom Can t 2 Youmightleavethebagonthebag mighthaveleft 3 Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastweek have tyou didn tyou 4 LimingmusthavebeentoJapan didn the hasn the 情态动词 shall will的多种意义 shall will 动词原形 shall可表示必须 命令 警告或征询意见 will可表示意愿 常出现的动作 在疑问句中表示请求和建议 均可表示将来 过去时为should would 3 11 He bepunishedifhedisobeys 如果他不服从 就要受到惩罚 12 Wearenotgoingtoquarrelatallifyou onlyletmespeak 只要你让我说话 我们根本就不会吵架 13 Sir hegoorstay Lethimgo A willB shallC mightD could shall will B 14 Thedoor open 这门经常打不开 15 Ronald stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast A couldB mightC shouldD would16 You havethebookafterIreadit 我看完以后一定把这本书给你 won t D shall 4 情态动词短语的使用 wouldliketodo wouldratherdo wouldrather 从句wouldprefertodo hadbetterdo 改错 1 Wouldyoulikehavingsometea 2 I dprefergoingtothelecturethisevening 3 I dratheryoutogotothemeeting 4 Hewouldrathertodiethantogivein 5 You dbettertohaveyourhaircuttoday Wouldyouliketohavesometea I dprefertogoto youwentto Hewouldratherdiethangivein You dbetterhave 5 用于虚拟语气的情态动词 shouldmightcouldwouldneedn toughtto 情态动词考题 1 Putonmoreclothes Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton A canB couldC mustD would2 MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren No A youshouldn tB youmightnotC youneedn tD youmustn t C C 3 Wedidn tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday Heit A mustn thaveattendedB cannothaveattendedC needn thaveattendedD wouldhavenotattended4 Weplaychessthanbridge Someofusdon tknowhowtoplaybridge A hadbetterB wouldbetterC wouldratherD hadrather B A 5 Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor itbeTom A canB mustC shouldD oughtto6 Twoyearago myhusbandboughtmeabicycle Ifyouliveintown itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking A mustnotB maynotC shouldnotD don thaveto A D 情态动词 表示推测 不表示推测 cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughtto havetodare daren t need needn t usedto 表示推测 情态动词的重要用法 肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测 must 对将来对现在对过去 情态动词 may might can t couldn t can could V V havedone常见mustbe bedoing V V havedone bedoing可以用not表示 可能不 V V havedone bedoing V V havedone bedoing 在不表示推测的情态动词中 我们要注意以下考点 1 表示能力 许可的情态动词的用法 2 表示否定的情态动词的用法 3 shall和will的多种意义的区别 4 情态动词短语的使用 5 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用 Completethefollowingsentenceswithpropermodalverbs 1 You vebeenworkingallday You beverytired 2 Thedoorbellrings Iwonderwhothatis it beLisa She sstillinthelibraryatthistime 3 Itisalongtimesincewemetlasttime You comeandseeusmoreoften 4 Ihaven tdecidedwhereI mgoingformyholidays I gotoAustralia 5 Myfather sbirthdayiscoming What Igethim 6 Whydon tyoutryonthisdress It lookniceonyou 7 Whowasthemantalkingwithyourteacher I mnotsure It beherbrother 8 Idon tknowwhentheguests behere They arriveatanytime must can t should may shall will might will could 1 Idon tknowwheresheis she beinWuhan 2 Atthismoment ourteacher ourexampapers 这时 我们老师想必在批改试卷 3 Theroadiswet It lastnight rain 4 Yourmother foryou 你妈妈一定一直在找你 may mustbemarking musthaverained musthavebeenlooking 5 Philip seriouslyinthecaraccident 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤 6 Lindahasgonetowork butherbicycleisstillhere She go bybus 7 Mike hiscar forhecametoworkbybusthismorning 迈克一定还没有找回他的车 因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的 may might havebeenhurt may might havegone can thavefound Practice2 表示推测 情态动词的重要用法 1 YoumustbeMrSmith Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere 2 Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted 3 Wemayhavereadthesamereport 4 Hecan thavesleptthroughallthatnoise 5 There ssomeoneoutside whocanitbe 6 Whatcantheybedoing 7 Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease 8 Youcouldberight Isuppose Practice1 高考考题专练1 Ithoughtyou likesomethingtoread soIhavebroughtyousomebooks A mayB mightC wouldD must2 Whereismypen I it A mightloseB wouldhavelostC shouldhavelostD musthavelost3 Ididn thearthephone I asleepA mustbeB musthavebeenC shouldbeD shouldhavebeen B D B 4 Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell It acomfortablejourneyA can tbeB shouldn tbeC mustn thavebeenD couldn thavebeen5 It snearlyseveno clock Jack behereatanymoment A mustB needC shouldD could D C 情态动词考题 1 Didthetrainarriveintime No It twohoursago A musthavearrivedB oughttohavearrivedC mustarriveD oughttoarrive2 MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren No A youshouldn tB youmightnotC youneedn tD youmustn t B C 3 Wedidn tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday Heit A mustn thaveattendedB cannothaveattendedC needn thaveattendedD wouldhavenotattended B 4 You suchalongcomposition Theteacheronlyaskedfor300words Youhavewritten600 A mustn thavewrittenB couldn thavewrittenC needn thavewrittenD donothavetowrite C 5 Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor itbeTom A canB mustC shouldD oughtto6 Twoyearsago myhusbandboughtmeabicycle Ifyouliveintown itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking A mustnotB maynotC shouldnotD don thaveto A D 巩固练习 1 What itbe It beamailbox foritismoving It beacar A can can t mustB can can mustC can mustn t mustD must mustn tcan2 Isn tthatAnn shusbandoverthere No it behim I msurehedoesn twearglasses A can tB mustnotC wontD maynot3 WhencanIcomeforthephotos Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon They bereadyby12 00 A canB shouldC mightD need4 areyoucomingtoJeff sparty I mnotsure I gototheconcertinstead A mustB wouldC shouldD might A A B D 5 Youmaylaugh butI vebeenthinkingofbecomingavegetarian Oh you beoutofyourmind Youwillbehungryallthetime A willB mayC mustD should6 Iwonderwhytheyarelate They thetrain can thavemissedB couldmissC musthavemissedD mightmiss7 Showmeyourpermit please Oh it snotinmypocket It A mightfalloutB couldfalloutC shouldhavefallenoutD musthavefallenout C C D 7 HasMikestarted Hesaidhewouldjoinintheparty He Heisamanofkeepinghisword A couldhaveleftB musthaveleftC can tcomeD won tbecoming8 Everythinghastwosides Beautifulsongs sometimes bejustnoisetoothers mustB mayC shouldD could9 Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell It acomfortablejourney A can tbeB mustn thavebeenC shouldbeD couldn thavebeen10 Chinesemusthavethelargestnumberofspeakers A mustn ttheyB haven ttheyC don ttheyD didn tthey B B D C 巩固练习 1 Oh I mnotfeelingwellinthestomach I somuchfriedchickenjustnow A shouldn teatB shouldn thaveeatenC mustn teatD mustn thaveeaten2 Whyhasn tJanearrivedyet She againinthemorning A shouldn thaveoversleptB mayhaveturnedoffthealarmclockC musthavenoonetocallherD shouldhavesomeonetowakeherup3 Didyougotothemoviethedaybeforeyesterday No We butwedecidednotto A shouldhavegoneB couldgoC shouldgoD couldhavegone B B A 4 Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty we soformally needn tdressB didn thavetodressupC MightnothavedressedupD needn thavedressedup5 I mrathersurprisedyouhaven treportedhimtoyourteacher Inmyopinion you thisassoonasyoufoundouthewascheating musthavedoneB mighthavedoneC shouldhavedoneD couldhavedone D C 情态动词 专项练习 一 情态动词的完成式的用法 1 表示对已经发生情况的推测的 1 must have 过去分词 表示对已经发生情况的肯定推测 译为 过去 一定 2 can t have 过去分词 表示对已经发生情况的否定推测 译为 过去 一定没有 can的可能性要比could要小 一 情态动词的完成式的用法 eg Mary theletter otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow A couldn thavereceivedB oughttohavereceivedC shouldn thavereceivedD hasreceived 一 情态动词的完成式的用法 3 may might have 过去分词 表示对已发生情况的作不肯定 可能性很小的推测 或事实上根本没发生 译为 也许 而且 may的可能性要比might的可能性要小 一 情态动词的完成式的用法 2 表示虚拟语气 1 needn t have 过去分词 表示做了不必做的事 相当于didn tneedtodo 译为 没必要做 2 should have 过去分词 表示应该做 事但没做 译为 本应该 shouldn t have 过去分词 表示不应该做 但是做了 译为 本不应该 一 情态动词的完成式的用法 3 oughtto have 过去分词 表示动作按理该发生了 但实际上未发生 译为 该 与should的完成式类似 eg Thegatekeeperoughttohavecalledthepoliceassoonashesawthefire 一 情态动词的完成式的用法 4 could have 过去分词用于肯定句表示 本来可以做 事但没做 其否定形式couldn t have 过去分词则表示 不可能做过 事 eg Whatyousaidisright butyoucouldhavedoneitbetter 一 情态动词的完成式的用法 5 may might have 过去分词 表示过去可以做但实际没做 译为 那样也许会 eg Itmighthavebeenbettertotellhimthenewsbefore 情态动词练习 1 Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands They fromSouthAmericaonrafts A musthavesailedB cansailC mighthavesailedD shouldhavesailed C 情态动词练习 2You totowntoseethefilmyesterday ItwillbeonTVtonight A needn tgoB hadbetternotgoC shouldnotgoD needn thavegone D 情态动词练习 3 Walkingaloneinthedesertedvillage Johnwasscared Hethoughthe Tomtogowithhim A mighthaveaskedB shouldaskedC musthaveaskedD shouldhaveasked D 情态动词练习 4 Youshouldbearinmindthatheisnotsostrongashe A wasusedtobeB usedtobeC wasusedtoD useto D 1 WithouttheleadershipoftheParty there noNewChina A wouldbeB hasbeenC wasD shouldbe2 Therewasplentyoftime She A mustn thavehurriedB couldn thavehurriedC mustnothurryD needn thavehurried3 Theplantisdead I itmorewater A willgiveB wouldhavegivenC mustgiveD shouldhavegiven A D D 情态动词练习 4 Whereismypen I it A mightloseB wouldhavelostC shouldhavelostD musthavelost5 We forherbecauseshenevercame A mustn thavewaitedB shouldn thavewaitedC mustn twaitD needn twait6 Hedidnotpasstheexamination Asagoodstudent he A mustn thavefailedB maynothavefailedC needn thavefailedD shouldn thavefailed D B D 7 Tomoughtnotto meyoursecret buthemeantnoharm A havetoldB tellC betellingD havingtold8 You readthatbookifyoudon twantto A haven tB can tC mustn tD needn t9 Thereasonwhythey leavewasn texplainedtous A hadB hadtoC mustD might A D B 10 Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone getout A hadtoB wouldC couldD wasableto11 Imailedthelettertwoweeksago She it A mustreceiveB can treceiveC mightreceiveD musthavereceive12 Therewasplentyoftime You A mustn thurryB mustn thavehurriedC needn thurryD needn thavehurried D D D 13 Theteacher doalltheexercises butapupil A needn t mustB maynot mustC needn t needn tD can t must14 Wouldyouopenthewindowplease Yes I A willB wouldC doD can15 Thispenlookslikemine yetitisn t Whose itbe A mustB canC mayD might A A B 16 Youthetrees Look itisrainingnow A mustn thavewateredB needn thavewateredC coul