研英中的否定.doc

2010年考研英语长难句中的否定否定并不是考研英语中高频的考点，但是却是难点之一。否定的错误理解，导致了整个句子的错误翻译，是非常常见的。 实用英语语法英语中的否定句 1） 一般否定句 I dont know this. No news is good news. There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house。 2）特指否定 He went to his office， not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I dont think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right。 3）部分否定 I dont know all of them. I cant see everybody/everything. All the answers are not right。（并非所有答案都对。） All is not gold that glitters. （闪光的不一定都是金子。） Both of them are not right。（并非两人都对。） 4）全体否定 None of my friends smoke. I can see nothing/nobody. Nothing can be so simple as this. Neither of them is right。 5） 延续否定 You didnt see him， neither/nor did I. You dont know， I dont know either. He doesnt know English， let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French。 6） 半否定句 We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people。 7） 双重否定 You cant make something out of nothing. Whats done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat. No gain without pains. I cant help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but （that） he can learn。 8）排除否定 Everyone is ready except you. He did nothing but play. But for your help， I couldnt do it。 9）加强否定 I wont do it at all. I cant see it any more. He is no longer a boy 那么在否定中最难的就是双重否定和否定转移。 1.There exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas。 以上这个句子就是典型的双重否定句型，在小学语文中，我们就学过，双重否定表肯定，所以，这个句子真正的是在强调要肯定的东西。直译为：“世界上不存在无能表达复杂想法的语言和方言。”进一步翻译为：“世界上任何语言和方言都能表达复杂的想法。” 2. Without accepting new techniques， there will be no great increase in labor productivity。 不采用新技术，就不能大幅度提高劳动生产率。 否定转移在考研试题中还没有出现，但是却是英语中的一个难点。值得大家的注意： 3.Dont cry because it is over， but smile because it happened。 这个句子含有否定和因果关系，先看因果关系之间的联系是怎样的，先翻译原因，再翻译结果，这个句子就比较简单了。翻译为“不要因为感情结束而伤心落泪，要因为曾经经历而微笑面对。 ” 有时看似否定的结构，却表达其他的意义，比如no morethan，not any more than等其实是表达比较的概念。 4.The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach， for they are both controlled by the brain。 心和胃一样不能思维，都受大脑支配。（“no morethan翻译成汉语“和一样不”） 5.There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take， any more than they can limit how much water you drink。 他们没有理由限定你吃多少维生素，就如同他们不能限定你喝多少水一样。 6.It was not so much the many blows（打击） he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game。 与其说他输了比赛是多次被击中，不如说是自己缺乏斗志。（