高考专题汇总：2015核动力高考总复习书-英语.doc

话题之十三竞选活动(2013天津卷)假设你是某大学的学生李津。你校英语俱乐部将选举新一届副主席，负责规划、组织俱乐部的相关活动。你欲参选。请按以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。个人优势介绍(如性格、特长等)；组织校内活动的设想(如举办讲座、英语晚会等)；组织校际交流活动的设想(如举办辩论赛、演讲比赛等)；表达当选的愿望。注意：1.词数不少于100；2请勿提及真实学校名称；3可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；4开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：副主席vice president竞选run forGood afternoon, my dear friends.My name is Li Jin._Thank you.【高分范文】Good_afternoon,_my_dear_friends.My_name_is_Li_Jin.Today I am very glad to have the chance to run for the vice president of the English Club.Concerning the position of vice president of the English Club, I feel qualified to take the job.First, I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as monitor.Second, I am a warmhearted boy and always ready to help others.Third, I am good at organizing activities and have held a number of English corners and discussions.Looking into the future, I will try my best to assist the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the vice president.My plan is as follows: on the one hand, I will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”， a platform where students can show their English.In this process, we can still learn from each other.And I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire a lot of knowledge.On the other hand, I will organize more activities to enhance the interschool communication.We can compete with students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.Moreover, I will open more channels for you to voice your opinions and need.I sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good vice president.Thank_you.【范文点评】这是一篇感情真挚、热情洋溢的演讲稿，文中大量运用各种句型，不但准确流畅地表达出题目中所提供的信息，而且体现出作者熟练运用英语的能力以及不俗的文采。1使用了很多高级词汇和短语，如have the chance to do，run for, be qualified to do, compete with，on the one hand, on the other hand, moreover等等。2使用了现在分词做状语的句子。Looking into the future, I will try my best to assist the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the vice president.3使用了目的状语从句。And I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire a lot of knowledge.句式仿写：为了能给妈妈在母亲节买礼物，小男孩把每一枚硬币都攒了下来。_【答案】The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day.高频单词1gain v获得；赢得gainful adj.有收益的，有报酬的2concentrate v集中(思想、注意力等)；全神贯注concentration n专心，专注3strength n长处，优势，力气strengthen v使坚强，加强4associate vt.联想，联系association n联想；协会5gifted adj.有天赋的talented adj.有天赋的gift/talent n天分，天赋6description n描述，形容describe v描述7predict vt.预言，预测prediction n预测8expression n表情；表达能力，用词express v表达，表示9deserve vt.应得，值得deserved adj.应得的，当然的deservedly adv.应得报酬地，当然地deserving adj.应受支持的，值得帮助的10failure n失败fail v使失望；失败，没有通过(考试)11accuse vt.控告，谴责accused adj.被指责的，被控告的accusation n控告，告发，指责12independent adj.独立的dependent adj.依靠的depend v依靠，依赖13desire n& v渴望，期望desirable adj.渴望的14satisfaction n满意，满足satisfy v使满意，满足satisfying adj.令人满意的15confirm v证实confirmation n证实；确认书，证明书16requirement n要求require v需要，要求17aboard prep.在(上)船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上board v上(船等) n木板abroad adv.在(到)国外broad adj.宽的，广阔的18account n账目；理由；报道account v认为，说明accountant n会计19bleed vi.流血blood n血20devote vt.献身于，专心致志于devotion n奉献21judge n& v法官，审判员；断定，认为judgement n判断力，识别力.重点短语1talk_o_doing_sth. 劝服某人做某事2draw_up 起草3concentrate_on 集中于；专心于4end_up 结果为，以结束 (尤指意料之外的)5in_terms_of 就某事来说，从某个角度上看6be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事7deal_with 处理，应付8be_patient_with_sb. 耐心对待某人9tell_sb.off 斥责或责备某人10glare_at 怒视11come/spring_to_mind 突然想到，猛然想到12to_be_honest 说实话13cant_help_doing_sth. 禁不住要做某事,.常用句型1Suppose you are a group leader.假设你是组长。【要点提炼】suppose“假定，假设”，在此为连词，引导条件状语从句，相当于if。也可用supposing。2If_necessary，look them up in a dictionary.如果有必要的话，就在词典中查一下它们【要点提炼】If necessanyIf it is necessary.3Supported_by_his_academic_research，Professor Salovey suggested that when predicting someones future success，their character，as measured by EQ test，might actually matter more than their IQ.【要点提炼】supported by his academic research为过去分词短语在句子中作原因状语。其逻辑主句通常是句子的主语。4.There_is_little_doubt_that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people.几乎毫无疑问，低情商的人在与人相处方面常有困难【要点提炼】there is little doubt that.【句式仿写】1_I say I love you, will you believe me?假如我说：喜欢你，你相信吗？【答案】 Supposing/ Suppose2They think she may try to phone._， someone must stay here.他们认为她可能来电话。 要是这样的话， 就得有人守在这儿。【答案】 If so3_ by the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.因为害怕老虎， 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。【答案】Frightened4There is _we will _designing the project.几乎毫无疑问，我们能成功把这项工程设计出来。【答案】 little doubt that；succeed in1gain vt.& vi.& n获得，赢得；(钟表)走快；利益【归纳拓展】gain by/from.从中获益gain in 在方面有所增加或增长There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.推迟决定得不到任何好处。Wine bars have gained in popularity in recent years.近年来，以供应葡萄酒为主的酒吧越来越受欢迎。gain/acquire/earn/achieve(1)gain收获；获得。指获得有用或必需的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。(2)acquire购得，得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)；获得，掌握(知识、技能等)。(3)earn取得；赚得。通常指通过工作挣钱，也可以用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬。(4)achieve得到；获得。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。Her unusual talent gained her worldwide recognition.她非凡的才能举世公认。He had finally achieved success.他终于获得了成功。She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好。He earned the respect of his students.他赢得了学生的尊重。2accuse v指责，谴责；控告；告发【归纳拓展】accuse sb.of.指控某人犯错/罪be accused of.被指控犯了错/罪accused adj.被指责的，被控告的accusation n控告，告发，指责She accused him of stealing her money.她控告了他偷了她的钱。【温馨提示】blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因(做)某事责备某人scold sb.for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事批评某人punish sb.for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事而惩罚某人charge sb.with sth.因某事控告某人The boy was punished by his father for his stealing money.那孩子由于偷钱而受到了父亲的惩罚。3concentrate v集中(思想、注意力等)；全神贯注concentration n专心；专注【归纳拓展】concentrate(sth.)on(doing)sth.集中于；专心于concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts on.把注意力/努力/思想集中到be concentrated in/on/upon sth.集中于，专心于We should concentrate all our efforts on improving education.我们应该致力于改进教育工作。He concentrated on the study of English.他把重点放在英语学习上。Our population is concentrated in the big cities.我国人口集中在大城市里。【温馨提示】focus/fix ones attention on.集中注意力于put ones mind/heart in(into)专心于be absorbed in.一心一意于apply oneself/ones mind to.专心于pay attention to专心， 注意【注意】以上短语中in，to都是介词，后接名词或动名词。4judge v审判，审理；评判；判断，断定judgement n看法；判断力【归纳拓展】judge by/from从来看，根据来判断judge sb./sth.评判，评价某人/物judge sb./sth.(to be)n./adj.认为某人/物Judging by what everyone says about him，Id say he has a good chance of winning.根据大家对他的评价来判断，我想他大有赢的可能。The judge sentenced her to 12 months imprisonment.法官判她一年监禁。In my judgement，we should accept the employers offer.依我看，我们应当接受雇主的提议。【温馨提示】在英语中，对于分词作状语时，到底应用现在分词还是过去分词，一般取决于对应动词与其逻辑主语之间存在的逻辑关系。但也有一些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Generally speaking.一般说来Frankly speaking.坦白地说Considering.考虑到To tell you the truth.说实话5confirm vt.证实；坚定(决心、意见等)，使(人)有信心confirmation n证实；确认书；证明书【归纳拓展】confirm sth.证实某事confirm thatclause证实，确定confirm sb.in sb.s belief/opinion/view使某人的信念/意见/观点更加坚定It is/has been confirmed that已经确定The experiment confirmed his theory.那个实验证实了他的理论。The expression on his face confirmed me in my suspicions.他脸上的表情证实了我的怀疑。Theres still no official confirmation of the rumor.这种传闻仍未得到官方证实。It has been confirmed that hell come back in a week.已经确定他会在一周内回来。6requirement n需要，要求；规定require vt.& vi.需要，要求【归纳拓展】require sb.to do要求某人做require doing/to be done要求被做；需要做require sth.of sb.要求某人某物require that.(should)动词原形要求做It is/was required that.(should)动词原形要求做Our immediate requirement is extra staff.我们急需增加工作人员。Not all goods satisfy the customers requirements.并非所有的商品都能满足顾客的需求。Everybody is required to attend the meeting.所有人都被要求出席会议。These young trees will require looking after carefully.这些小树需要悉心照料。7account n(银行)账户；说明；理由；计算；账目；报道vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有【归纳拓展】open an account开一个账户account for说明(原因等)；作出解释on account of由于，因为on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)on any account无论如何take account o consideration/account考虑到keep an account of记录，记载He could not account for his foolish mistake.他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢的错误。Give us an account for what happened.跟我们说一下到底发生了什么。She retired early on account of ill health.她因身体不好，所以提前退休。The company takes account of environmental issues.这家公司考虑到了环境问题。8deserve vt.应得，值得【归纳拓展】deserven.值得；应得deserveto do值得做；应该做deservedoing/to be done值得被做You deserve a rest after all that hard work.辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。The report deserves considering.这报告值得考虑。【温馨提示】(1)deserve 不用于进行时。(2)deservedoing 时，doing 主动形式表达被动含义，相当于接被动语态的动词不定式，即 to be done.9devote vt.献身于，专心致志于【归纳拓展】(1)devote sth.to sth./doing sth.把奉献于devote oneself to sth.献身，热爱，专心致力于(2)devoted adj.忠实的，挚爱的；专心致志的be devoted to sb./sth.对忠诚/热衷于(to为介词)(3)devotion n献身，挚爱；专心，热衷devotion to .对 的热爱/专心(to为介词)Im devoting all my time and energy to being a mom right now.目前我把所有时间和精力都放在当妈妈这件事上。He is devoted to his music.他热爱他的音乐。.单词拼写1All the students must wear school _(制服) in the school.【答案】uniforms2All the people in the world_(渴望)peace，security and happiness.【答案】desire3You might meet a German whos a_(自信的)dancer with a great sense of humour.【答案】confident4What do you hope to_(获得)by this action?【答案】gain5Her love and support gave me _(力量)【答案】strength.单项填空1(2014泉州模拟)When he was driving home，he was stopped by the policeman and was_of speeding.Acharged BblamedCaccused Dwarned【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：开车回家时，他被警察拦下，指控他超速。be accused of在意义上相当于be charged with，意为：指控某人。【答案】C2(2014合肥质检)Rose is Mr.Smiths secretary，so she has _ to all his business emails.Ae Baccount Cway Daccess【解析】考查名词词义辨析。access“接触，使用”。句意：Rose是史密斯先生的秘书，所以她能接触到他的所有商务邮件。power“力量”；account“账号”；way“方法”。【答案】D3(2014太原模拟)Your watch_about five minutes a day.Youd better get it repaired at once.Aearns BgainsCobtains Dquickens【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：你的手表大约每天快5分钟。你最好马上(找人)修修。gain“(钟，表)快”；earn“赚得，获得，赢得”；obtain“获得”；quicken“加快”。【答案】B4The customer_his deliverer_delivering his goods to the wrong address.Aaccused；with Bcharged；byCaccused；of Dcharged；of【解析】accuse.of与charge.with.是固定搭配，意为“因而控告”。【答案】C5_ of being involved in the attempted murder，she was questioned by the police.AConvinced BSuspectedCCharged DConfirmed【解析】句意：被警方怀疑(suspect)参与了这起谋杀未遂案，她受到了警察的询问。convince“说服，使人相信”，其结构为convince sb.of sth.；charge“控告，控诉”，其结构为charge sb.with sth.；confirm“确定，批准”，其结构为confirm sb.in.。【答案】B6Now I see you want to _ the position as you said just now.Could you please give me a brief _ your intention?Aapply for; account ofBreact to; introduction aboutCreply for; description ofDremind of; instruction about【解析】apply for sth.“申请”；account可意为“叙述；讲述；描述”，相当于description。【答案】A7(2014日照模拟)The man said he would accept the job on the phone，but wed better _ his acceptance in written form.Aconvey BconvinceCconfirm Dconsider【解析】句意：那个人说他将通过电话接受这份工作，但是我们最好用书面形式确认他的接受。confirm“确认，批准”，符合句意。convey“传达，传递”；convince“使相信，使确信”；consider“考虑”。【答案】C8I suggest that the person_put into prison.Arefer to Breferred to beCreferring to should be Dreferred to was【解析】refer to“提及”，在句中作定语，表被动，相当于who was referred to；suggest “建议”，后加宾语从句时谓语用(should)动词原形，表虚拟。【答案】B9(2014湖北七市联考)Putin has won the Russians presidential election as expected，over which many hold the opinion that he_it in terms of his contribution to the country.Apermits BdeservesCadmits Dpreserves【解析】句意为：普京，如人们所料，赢得了俄罗斯的总统大选，对此许多人认为就他对国家的贡献而言，这是他应该得到的。deserve “值得，应该得到”；permit “允许”；admit “承认，允许入内”；preserve “保存，保留”。【答案】B10(2014杭州模拟)The premier _ the importance of developing Chinese economy in his speech at University of Cambridge.Aapproved BdevotedCrealized Dstressed【解析】句意：总理在剑桥大学强调了发展中国经济的重要性。stress“强调”，符合句意。approve“赞成，同意”；devote“奉献，把专注于”；realize“实现，理解”。【答案】D1talk o doing sth.劝服某人做某事【归纳拓展】talk sb.out of (doing) sth.说服某人打消(做)的念头persuade sb.to do/into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.out of doing sth.说服某人停止做某事，劝阻argue o doing sth.说服某人做某事argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事I didnt want to move abroad，but Bill talked me into it.我本不想移居国外，但是比尔把我说服了。I talked him out of changing his job.我说服他打消了换工作的念头。Dont let yourself be persuaded into buying things you dont really want.不要让别人说服你去买那些你并不需要的东西。2draw up起草，拟订；使排好队伍；使(车、马等)停住【归纳拓展】draw away拉走，离开draw back拉起，退后，犹豫，不守诺言draw down拉下，吸引，招来draw in(车)到站；(天)渐黑draw near临近draw oneself up挺直身体站立The car drew up(at the gate)and three men got out.汽车(在门前)停了下来，从车里走出三个人。The soldiers were drawn up outside the palace.士兵在宫殿外面排好了队列。He drew himself up to his full height.他挺起胸笔直地站着。3in terms of就来说，从某个角度来看；根据，按照【归纳拓展】in the long/short term就长期/短期而言be on.terms with sb.与某人相交in terms of在方面in sb.s terms在某人看来US foreign policy tended to see everything in terms of the Vietnam war.美国的外交政策往往从越南战争的角度来看待一切。In terms of customer satisfaction，the policy cannot be criticized.说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。In their terms，cutting government spending is the most important thing.根据他们的观点，削减政府开支是最重要的事情。The companys prospects look good in the long term.公司的远景看好。4cant help doing sth.禁不住要做某事【归纳拓展】cant help but do不得不做，忍不住做cant but do不得不做cant help(to)do不能帮忙做help oneself to自行取用(食物)，随意使用 help sb.out帮助某人脱离困境Look at these lovely dresses.I cant help buying one.看看这些漂亮的裙子！我忍不住要买一件。When I won first prize，I could not help but cry with joy.When I was given first prize，I could not help crying with joy.当我获得一等奖时，我忍不住高兴地哭了出来。When I bought the house，my sister helped me out with a loan.我买这所房子时，我姐姐借给我一笔钱救急。.用所给短语的适当形式填空accuse sb.of.；concentrate.on.；talk o doing；draw up；in terms of1She_her husband_(have)a holiday in France.【答案】talked；into having2A truck_in front of the house.【答案】drew up3He_killing his good friend.【答案】was accused of4I cant_my studies with all that noise going on.【答案】concentrate on5_money，he is quite rich，but he doesnt feel happy.【答案】In terms of.单项填空1(2014江苏南通调研)The success of a government should be measured_the happiness of the people as well as the development of economy.Ain face of Bin place ofCin terms of Din honour of【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in terms of“依据；按照”。句意：一个政府的成功，既需要以人们的幸福，也需要根据经济的发展来衡量。【答案】C2(2014黑龙江哈师大附中高三上学期期中)I dont really work here；I_until the new secretary arrives.Ajust help out Bhave just helped outCam just helping out Dwill just help out【解析】考查时态。句意：我不是真的在这儿工作，只是帮帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。其中，新秘书来之前，我是一直(或者总是)在那儿工作的，而“一直”(或者“总是”)是一般现在时的标志；又因为前一句是一般现在时，所以，这里应该用一般现在时。选C。【答案】C3_the numbers in employment，the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.AIn spite of BIn case ofCIn terms of DIn praise of【解析】in spite of “尽管”；in case of “要是”；in terms of “从方面来说”；in praise of “称赞”。【答案】C4Please _ a list of the guests for the dinner.Adraw up Bdraw inCdraw back Ddraw away【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：请拟一份赴宴客人的名单。draw up起草，拟订；draw in(车)到站；draw back拉起，退后；draw away拉走，离开。根据句意应选A。【答案】A5While shopping，people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.Ato persuade BpersuadingCbeing persuaded Dbe persuaded【解析】“情不自禁地做某事”是cant help doing sth.所以排除A、D两项；persuade和people之间是动宾关系，所以用动名词的被动形式。【答案】C1【教材原句】If necessary，look them up in a dictionary.如果有必要的话，就在词典中查一下它们。【句法分析】If necessaryIf it is necessary如果需要的话。如果从属连词后面的主语与主句的主语相同且谓语中含有be动词，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词；若从句中主谓是itbe的形式，it与be动词也可省略。常见结构有：If necessary/possible.，When necessary.等。常见结构还有：从属连词v.ing/过去分词常用的从属连词有：when，while，though，as though，as if，although。Ill stay up all night，if necessary，to get it finished.如果有必要，我会熬个通宵把这事做完。I want to avoid the rushhour traffic if possible.如果有可能的话，我想避开交通高峰期的车流。【温馨提示】这些连词后到底用doing还是done，取决于主语与动词的关系是主动还是被动。When asked about his father，he kept silent.当被问起他父亲时，他一句话也不说。Although coming very early，he didnt see his friend.尽管来得很早，他还是没见到他的朋友。2【教材原句】.there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people.几乎毫无疑问，低情商的人在与人相处方面常有困难【句法分析】there is little doubt that.几乎可以确定，几乎毫无疑问。常见类似用法有：There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is doubt whether.不确定是否I dont doubt that.我确信I doubt whether/if.我不敢肯定without/beyond doubt无疑地，必定in doubt不肯定的，不确定的可用于“There is non.”结构的名词有need，hope，chance，problem等，后面接to do sth./thatclause。use，good，harm，point等词在这一结构中后面跟in doing sth.。no doubt无疑；很可能There is no doubt that he is an excellent student.毫无疑问，他是一名优秀学生。No doubt that she was disturbed by the noise.多半是噪音惊扰了她。Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt.他们是否接受那份合同还说不准。Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.萨莉确实是学校最优秀的游泳者之一。I dont doubt that you will succeed.我肯定你能成功。【温馨提示】(1)doubt作