M6U3知识点.doc

或互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.accumulate vt.&vi. 积聚；积累；搜集【典型例句】He has accumulated a fortune.他积蓄了一笔财产。Snow accumulated to a depth of five feet.积雪厚达5英尺。【相关链接】accumulate指逐渐地，经过一段时间增加堆积或蓄积，一般无明显意图；collect为了某种目的而“收集”；gather把分散的东西归拢在一起。活学巧用1.用accumulate,collect及gather的适当形.完成句子1）He likes_ the stamps.2)When autumn comes,the farmers are busy_ crops.3)I_ a lot of rare books over the years.答案：1）collecting2)gathering3)have accumulated2.celebration n. 庆祝；庆典【典型例句】There was a celebration for him yesterday.昨天这里有一场为他举办的庆典。in celebration of 为庆祝；为纪念birthday celebration 生日庆祝活动hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动【相关链接】celebrate vt. 庆祝；庆贺；纪念；颂扬；赞美celebrate 表“庆祝；庆贺”时，是及物动词，其宾语只能是表事物的词（如：节日、生日、胜利、成功或事件等）而不可以是人或that从句。congratulate表“庆贺”时，只接人作宾语，句型是congratulate sb. (on sth.);在表示“祝贺”时，口语只用congratulations。2.单项选择(1)All the teachers and students_ National Day with a party.A.celebrated on B.celebratedC.congratulated onD.congratulated提示:题意为“全体师生举行了一个晚会庆祝国庆节”。celebrate是“庆祝，庆贺（节日、生日、胜利等）”，是一个及物动词，而congratulated是人作宾语。答案：B3.adjust vi.&vt. 调整；调节；使适应（新环境）；整理；安顿【典型例句】The watch must be adjusted,for it is slow now.这只手表必须调整一下，因为它现在慢了。She carefully adjusted her clothes and hair before going out.她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发。He adjusted himself quickly to the heat of the country.他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。【相关链接】adjustable adj. 可调节的；可调整的adjustment n. 调整；调节；评定3.单项选择I have made a few minor_ the seating plan.A.adjustment inB.adjustments overC.adjustment onD.adjustments to提示:句意为“我对座次作了一些小调整”。make adjustments to意为“对作调整”，为习惯搭配。答案：D4.anyway adv. 总之；不管怎样；反正；究竟；到底【典型例句】Anyway I dont like him.总之，我不喜欢他。It may rain,but anyway(anyhow) Ill go out.也许天会下雨，但我无论如何也要出去。【相关链接】anyway,anyhow,someway的辨析：（1）anyway=anyhow可引导让步状语从句，可替换成“in any possible way,in any case”。(2)anyway和anyhow无比较级和最高级，用于肯定句意为“不管怎样，总之”；用于否定句意为“无论如何”。（3）someway 意为“以某种方.，不知怎么地”。4.单项选择1)Would you like me to help you with the heavy bags?I can manage it myself.Thank you_.A.thoughB.somewayC.anywayD.the same way答案：C2）I might fail,but_ I insist on doing it.I dont mind it.A.howeverB.anyhowC.yetD.meanwhile答案：B5.take up 占时间（空间）;开始从事；跟随；拿起；提起【典型例句】My mother takes up a job as a teacher.我妈妈当教师。In 1919,many Chinese students took up the struggle against Japanese.1919年许多中国学生起来与日寇作斗争。The school takes up 300 mu.这所学校占地300亩。【知识小结】【相关链接】take away 带走take back 取回；归还take down取下；写下；记下take in 吸收take sth.for granted 认为某事当然take interest in 对感兴趣take office 就职take pride in 引以为豪take ones seat 就座take place 发生take ones place 取代take it easy 别着急；别紧张take trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦干某事【辨析】take up和make uptake up 指“占据空间；占据领地”，而make up则表示“占据某一数目中的一定份额”。The piano takes up too much room.钢琴占空间太大。The class is made up of 56 students.这个班由56名同学组成。5.单项选择1)Soon songs were_ up in the bus.A.pickedB.begunC.raisedD.taken提示:pick up“捡起，恢复，收听，接送，逐渐学会”；begin 无被动.；raise不与up连用，句意为“不久歌曲在公交车上响起”。答案：D2)_off your bad clothes and_ on your new ones.A.Take;takeB.Put;putC.Take;putD.Put;take提示:句意为“脱下你的破衣服换上新的”。take off“脱下”；put off“推迟”；take on“呈现；接管”；put on“穿上”。答案：C3)We dont want to buy a piano,for it_ so_.A.takes up;many roomsB.makes up;much roomC.takes in;a large roomD.takes up;much room提示:句意为“我们不想买钢琴，因为它太占地方”。take up “占据”；take in “吸收”;make up“组成”；而room当“空间”讲，是一个不可数名词。答案：D6.give out 分发；发出（气味、热等）；公布；发表；用完；耗尽；停止运转【典型例句】Fireflies give out light as they fly.萤火虫飞行时发光。The teacher gave out the exam papers.老师将试卷发下去。The news of the Presidents death was given out in a radio broadcast.总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。After a month their food supplies gave out.一个月后他们的食物消耗殆尽。One of the planes engines gave out.飞机的一个发动机出了故障。【相关链接】give up sth./doing sth.放弃；献出；埋头干；交出；停止give away 赠送；分发（奖品）；放弃（机会）；泄露；出卖；让步give off 发（光、蒸汽等）give in 呈交；上交（=turn in,hand in）；宣布；表示；屈服；让步give over 移交give ones way to 让位于；被取代；对让步give birth to (a baby) 生产；生育（小孩）6.1)单项选择(1)After two days our food_,and we had to return to camp.A.gave inB.gave awayC.gave outD.gave up答案：C（2）With the result of exam_,some students jumped with joy and others dropped their heads with sadness.A.giving outB.given outC.given offD.giving over答案：B2)用适当的介词、副词填空(1)His loss of temper gave_ his true feelings.(2)The young people give_ their seats to the old men.(3)We kept inviting her to stay for lunch and finally she gave_.答案：(1)away(2)up(3)in7.sign n. 手势;示意的动作v. 签名；打手势【典型例句】The president signed his name to the paper.董事长在文件上签了名。【相关链接】traffic sign 交通标志road signs 路标signs for (the rest rooms) （厕所等）的标志signs of (heart trouble)（心脏病等）迹象，预兆sign to sb. to do sth.向某人做手势示意某人干sign ones name/the agreement 签名/协议7.单项选择The police_.A.signed me to stopB.signed stop on meC.signed for stop to meD.signed to me to stop提示:sign to sb.to do sth.意为“向某人做手势示意某人干”。答案：D8.request n. 请求；所要求之事；vt. 请求；邀请【典型例句】All my requests were granted.我所要求的事都被应允了。I have a request to make of you.我有事求你。I was requested to attend the school-opening ceremony of my old school.我应邀参加我母校的开学典礼。All I request of you is that you should give up smoking.我只要求你戒烟。【知识小结】request sb.to do sth. 请求某人干某事request sth.of sb. 要求某人干某事【相关链接】(1)at ones request=at the request of sb.应某人请求(2)by request （前无限定词）依照；请求(3)request that 从句（should do,should可省去）(4)in request 受欢迎(5)on request 一经要求【辨析】request,ask,demand,require,begrequest 不用于request sb.+that从句的形.。request 用于书面语,只作及物动词，指正.的有礼貌的请求。ask 期待答复的往往是肯定的答复。demand 坚持得到某种东西，而态度骄横或飞扬跋扈。demand不能用于demand sb.to do sth.的形.，后跟宾语从句时必须用虚拟语气。require强调要求达到某种标准或条件，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。beg含迫切需要帮助之意，后面宾语从句也用虚拟语气。8.1)单项选择All of us_ of him whether he had heard from Helen recently.A.requiredB.demandC.requestedD.asked提示:require/request/ask sb.to do sth.意为“要求/让某人干”,而demand of sb.sth.意为“询问某人某事”。答案：B2)单句改错(1)They requested that the work must be finished on time.(2)The classroom requires to clean.答案：(1)mustshould(2)to cleancleaning3)完成句子（1）May I (请你帮个忙)?(2)They often (要求我们细心).(3)They request that we (及时完成任务).(4)We must finish it (按要求).答案：(1)request you help(2)request us to be careful(3)(should) finish it in time(4)by request9.hold up 举起来；延误；阻碍；搀扶；支撑；抢劫；举例；提出【典型例句】She is holding up well under the pressure.她承受住了压力。An accident is holding up traffic.一场事故造成了交通阻塞。Some young people held up the bank yesterday.昨天几个年轻人抢劫了银行。She is always holding up Tom as models of good students.她总是举例说汤姆是个好学生。【相关链接】hold back 阻止；隐瞒hold on to 抓紧hold to坚持hold out伸出；支持；维持9.单项选择(1)Can I speak to Jim?Oh._please.He is coming.A.Hold outB.Hold upC.Hold backD.Hold on提示:hold out“提出，忍受”；hold up “阻拦，耽搁”；hold back “阻止，抑制；隐瞒”；hold on“继续，别挂断”。答案：D(2)The school bus was_ by the thick fog.A.held upB.broken offC.kept upD.put off提示:句意为“学校的车被浓雾挡住了”。hold up “阻拦；截住；耽误”；break off“中止；截断”；keep up“保持（良好的状态）”；put off“推迟”。答案：A10.certain adj. 某些的；某个的；确信的；一定的【典型例句】He is certain of their honesty.他不怀疑他们的诚实。She is certain to do well in the game.她有把握打好这次比赛。You must make certain of the time of the train.你一定要弄清楚火车时间时刻。【知识小结】sb.be certain (sure) of/about 对有把握sb.be certain/sure that.确信sb./sth.be certain/sure to do.一定会make sure/certain of./that.确保【相关链接】It is certain that.一定会for sure 必定，一定for certain 确定地，确实地sure+that的句型中主语必须是人，通常不说It is sure that.而说It is certain that.some表示“某一”时只接可数名词单数；而certain则表“某些或某个”，后接可数名词单复数均可。如：a certain (some) student某个学生；certain reasons 某些原因10.1)短句改错(1)It is certain of being rainy tomorrow.(2)Its sure that our team will win.答案：(1)of beingto be(2)surecertain2)单项选择（1）Remember a_ famous scientist said that we should believe in ourselves first of all.A.someB.certainC.sureD.other答案：B(2)Tom,_person is waiting for you downstairs.Im coming,thank you.A.certainB.someC.anyD.an提示:句意为“汤姆，有人在楼下等你”。a certain=some某个；any任何一个；person前的冠词是a而不是an。答案：B11.concern vt. 与有关；涉及；影响；使担忧n.担忧；关心；责任；重要事情；企业【典型例句】Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.不要管与自己无关的事。What concerns us is our lack of preparation for the change.令我们担心的是我们对事态的变化缺少准备。Dont hesitate to ask if you have any concerns about the work.你对工作有任何疑虑请直接询问。This matter is their concerns.这事他们负责。【知识小结】concerned adj. 有关；担心的当它作前置定语时，意思是“忧虑的；担心的；担忧的”，而作后置定语时，意思为“有关的；涉及的”。【相关链接】concern oneself with/about sth. 对感兴趣be concerned to do sth.认为干很重要be concerned that.对很关注；很感兴趣be concerned for/about.对担心；忧虑11.1)单句改错(1)He isnt concerned himself with the details.(2)All cases concerned children are dealt with in a special childrens court.答案：(1)isnt concerneddoesnt concern(2)concernedconcerning2)单项选择We all think that he was not_ with the case.A.concerningB.concernedC.being concernedD.concerns提示:be concerned with意为“和有关系”。答案：B12.in contact with 与接触【典型例句】I was never in contact with this matter.我从没遇见这类事情。Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbours.快乐是忧愁的近邻。【相关链接】bring o contact with 使某人接触out of contact with 不与接触keep in contact with sb.与保持联系lose contact with sb. 与某人失去联系make contact with sb. 与取得联系12.完成句子(1)Children_(应该接触诗歌) at an early age.(2)He (与家庭失去联系).答案：(1)should be brought into contact with poetry(2)lost contact with his family13.minority n. 少数民族;少数;少数派【典型例句】Only a small minority of students are/is interested in politics these days.目前只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。There are fifty-five minorities in China.中国有55个少数民族。【知识小结】minority 表少数民族种类时用复数形.；a minority (of)（中的少数），用作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。13.单项选择Only a small minority of students_ interested in politics these days.A.areB.wereC.wasD.are being提示:从时间状语these days可以看出，是一般现在时。故排除B、C、D三项。而a minority of+pl.作主语、谓语动词单复数均可。答案：A14.take part in 参加【典型例句】How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games?有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？【相关链接】后面不带宾语时用take part。take part in也意为“在中起作用”，如果part前有形容词时须加冠词。join “加入（组织、团体并成为其中的一员）”，也用join sb.(与某人一起)。join in“参加(某个活动)”，相当于take part in，也可用于“join sb. in sth.”中，表示“与某人一起做什么”。attend=be present at “出席（会议、演讲、上课、上学）；留意；照料；办理；护理；侍候”。14.1)单项选择There will be a discussion tomorrow;all those who want to_ please raise your hands.A.joinB.take partC.join itD.take part in答案：B2)用take part in/join/join in/attend填空(1)All of us_ the ball.(2)His brother_ the army 5 years ago.(3)Would you like to_ me_ a walk?答案：(1)take part in(2)joined(3)join;in15.account n. 描述；叙述；说明；理由；计算；账目vt.&vi. 认为；说明；总计【典型例句】She gave the police a full account of the incident.她向警方详细地描述了所发生的事。The team gave a good account of themselves in the match on Sunday.这个队在星期日的比赛中表现出色。He couldnt account for his foolish mistakes.他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢的错误。【相关链接】an account book 账簿by/from all accounts 据大家所说leave out of account 不考虑on account of 因为；由于account for 导致；作出解释on no account 绝不；切莫on all accounts 无论如何注意：on no account同by no means,in no way,in no case一样，放在句首时用倒装结构。15.单项选择(1)Will you pay in cash or shall I change it to your_?Either will do.A.payB.incomeC.accountD.bank答案：C(2)Bad weather_ the planes delay.A.account forB.accounted forC.on account ofD.on all accounts答案：B(3)He couldnt_ losing such a large sum of money.A.get throughB.account forC.see toD.count on答案：B16.hunt for=hunt after 追猎；搜寻；试图找到（某物）【典型例句】Police are hunting for an escaped criminal.警方正在追捕逃犯。Im hunting for a lost book.我正在找一本丢失的书。【相关链接】hunt sb./sth. down对穷追到底hunt sth.out 找出（闲置或不再使用的东西）hunt sth. up 寻找（隐蔽或不易发现的事物）hunt sth./sb. out of=drive.out of赶走，驱逐go hunting 去打猎be on the hunt for.正在搜索16.1)单项选择(1)The police are_ the hunt_ further clues.A.on;forB.in;forC.in;withD.on;with答案：A2)用hunt,hunt out of的适当形.填空(1)I_ my key everywhere but I cant find it.(2)Hurry up!_the cat_ the kitchen.答案：(1)have hunted for(2)Hunt;out of17.meet with 遇见；碰见；会晤；经历某事【典型例句】The President met with senior White House aides at breakfast.早餐时总统会见了白宫的高级助手。The old man met with many difficulties in all his life.这个老人一生遇到过许多波折。【相关链接】make ends meet 收支平衡meet sb.s eye 与某人目光相遇meet the eye/ear 看见/听见meet sb.half-way 与某人妥协meet up with 邂逅某人17.单项选择If you can drop the price a little,Ill_.A.meet with youB.meet your eyeC.meet you half-wayD.meet up with you提示:句意为“如果你把价格降一下，我就愿意再让你一半”。meet with you“与你会晤”；meet your eye “与你目光相遇”；make up with you“与你邂逅”;meet you half-way “妥协；让步”。答案：C18.belong (to) 属于；应该在某处；适应某种环境【典型例句】The cover belongs to the jar.这个盖子是配这个瓶子的。He doesnt feel he belongs here.他觉得不适应这儿的环境。A child belongs with his mother.孩子应当和母亲待在一起。【知识小结】belong to 不用于被动语态和进行时态，不能用名词性物主代词作to的宾语。如：The book belongs to mine.(误)The book belongs to me.(正)The house is belonged to Tom.(误)The house belongs to Tom.(正)18.单项选择(1)After you have used the dictionary,please put it back_ it belongs.A.whereB.to whichC.whatD.that提示:本题考查了地点状语从句的用法，应用where来引导；在定语从句中，where可与“介词+which”互换，但在状语从句中不可以。因where是副词，故belong to中的介词to应省略。答案：A(2)I thought Fan Zhiyi was on Chinese team.Yes,he_,but he_ to an English club now.A.was;belongsB.was;belongedC.is;was belongedD.is;is belonging答案：A19.peace n. 和平；和睦；和好【典型例句】They live together in peace.他们友好地生活在一起。Peace be with you!祝你平安！【相关链接】make peace 讲和_break the peace 扰乱治安keep the peace 维持治安be at peace with sb. 同某人和平相处in peace 和平地，安宁地（作状语）at peace/rest/work/table/school 处于和平状态/静止/在上班/在吃饭/在上学19.用at的适当短语填空（1）The country used to be_,but now it is_ and many people have been killed.(2)He seldom talks_.He thinks it bad for health to talk while eating.答案：(1)at peace;at war(2)at table二、句型剖析1.what 引导的名词性从句【典型例句】What he said is to change all my life.他的一席话将改变我的一生。I cant believe what he said.我不相信他说的。This is what he said.这就是他所说的。Ill never forget what he said.我永远也忘不了他所说的话。【知识小结】what引导主语、宾语、表语、同位语等四种名词性从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语（表语）；而that也引导上述四种名词性从句，但在句中不作成分，只起引导词作用，但不可以省略（宾语从句中除外）。1.单项选择(1)After_ seemed ages,the newsman disclosed the facts.A.there_B.whichC.whatD.that答案：C(2)_you see near the North Pole is nothing but ice and snow.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Who提示:该空既要引导主语从句，又要在从句中作see的宾语，且由nothing看出指物而不指人，而which用于定语从句，用于名词性从句后时一般后跟名词。答案：B2.get+及物动词的过去分词【典型例句】They got married last year.他们去年结婚了。The home got broken.这个家破碎了。Put on your hat or you will get burnt by the sun.戴上帽子，否则你会被太阳晒伤的。【知识小结】在“get+动词的过去分词”结构中，get相当于be;但与“be+动词的过去分词”相比，它更强调动作的结果，体现动作性，表示状态的改变。有时含被动意味。get/hurt/paid/broken/lost/killed/changed/dressed/seperated/caught in/damaged.受伤了/拿工资/破了，断了/迷路/被杀死/换衣服/穿衣服/分散/陷入；遭到/遭到破坏2.单项选择(1)Be careful when you cross the very busy street.If not,you may_ run over by a car.A.haveB.getC.becameD.turn提示:“get+过去分词”多用于口语中，有时含被动意味，但其后无by短语，常用来表示突然、偶然、意外发生的情况，其余各项均不含被动意味。答案：B(2)Cleaning women in big cities usually get_ by the hour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.to pay答案：C3.after all用在句首或句末【典型例句】After all,what does it matter?归根到底，那有什么关系呢？He should have offered to payhe has plenty of money,after all.他应该主动提出付款他有的是钱，别忘了。【知识小结】after all “毕竟；到底；终究”，它有两个含义：（1）“要知道；别忘了”，用来进一步说明及提醒对方，引出对方似乎忘记了的某个要点或理由。这时通常放在句首，作插入语。(2)“虽然；但毕竟”，表示说话人意思的转折，这时after all放在句末。【相关链接】in all=altogether 总计all over到处above all 首先，最重要的first of all 首先（侧重次序）（当强调重要性时，above all和first of all意义相近）。at all 全然，根本3.单项选择(1)The passenger was tired and walked more slowly,but he got home_.A.after allB.at allC.above allD.in all提示:after all置于句首表强调，意为“毕竟，要知道”，放在句末表转折，意为“虽然，但终究”；at all意为“全然，根本”；above all意为“首先，最重要的是”；in all 意为“总共，合计”。答案：A（2）I thought I was going to fail the exam,but I succeeded_.A.after allB.first of allC.in allD.at all答案：A4.with+复合宾语【典型例句】Peter soon feel asleep with the light still burning.彼得很快睡着了，灯仍然亮着。The young woman got on the bus,with a baby in her arms.这个年轻妇女抱着孩子上了车。【知识小结】（1）当分词短语表示伴随状况时，其主语常用with(或without)来引导，构成“with/without的复合结构”。即：with/without+名词/代词（宾格）+介词短语/形容词/副词/分词/不定.。(2)在with 的宾语后，若用过去分词作宾补则表示宾语与分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系且表示动作的持续进行；若用不定.则表将来的动作，宾语与不定.在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，但此时的不定.不是作宾语补足语而是作宾语的定语。4.单项选择（1）With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled答案：C（2）The murderer was brought in,with his hands_ behind his back.A.being tiedB.tiedC.tyingD.to tie提示:A项表示“绑”这一动作正在进行，是被动语态进行时，与语意不符；tired与hands是被动关系；to tie表将来也与题意不符；tiring与hands是主动关系。答案：B三、难句透视1.Even though they speak the same language (although with different accents),they have unbelievable differences in culture.尽管他们讲同一种语言（虽然用不同的口音），但是他们在习俗方面有着令人难以置信的差别。【剖析】这是一个由even though(=even if) 引导的让步状语从句。【典型例句】Even if you dont like wine,try a glass of it!即使你不喝酒，也不妨试一下。Ill go there,even if I have to walk.我就是走也要走到那里去。【知识小结】(1)even if,even though表示“即使；纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中；但even if的假设性更强。Even if he is poor,she loves him.即使他很穷，她仍然爱他。Even though he is poor,she loves him.尽管他很穷，她还是爱她。(2)although与while引导让步状语从句，多置于句首。as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，且语序倒装；though较口语化，可以倒装可不倒装。(3)whether.or not引导让步状语