Linux下PHP环境的安装,配置及使用-20110328.doc

星模实训 教育改变人生 培养IT界的明星模特 #Title:Linux下PHP环境的安装,配置及使用(install_server.sh)#Explain:Linux上安装Apache、PHP、MySQL的脚本#Author:蒯义刚#Date:2005-10-12#Update:2011-03-28#操作系统:centos 5.5一、安装#手工：建立/server/software/，把如下软件放入（一般都是用最新稳定版)： #httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz (下载地址:)#php-5.2.14.tar.gz (下载地址:)#mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz (下载地址:)#libxml2-2.7.6.tar.gz (下载地址:/sources/)#gd-2.0.35.tar.gz (下载地址:/gd/http/)#zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz (/)#jpegsrc.v8.tar.gz (/files/)#freetype-2.3.11.tar.gz(/releases/freetype/)#libpng-1.4.1rc04.tar.gz(/project/showfiles.php?group_id=5624)#curl-7.20.0.tar.gz (http:/curl.haxx.se/download.html)#ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.Gz#自动执行说明（为了确保安装成功，不建议使用自动执行，建议手工一步一步安装）#把安装代码存为install_server.sh放到/server/下#设置属性为777:chmod 777 /server/install_server.sh#然后执行:/server/install_server.sh#注：1、安装系统时，应将“开发工具”中的所有项目（大项小项）选择并安装上。2、安装系统时，不安装apache,php,mysql等。网络服务器。httpd#建立/server/program，大部分软件安装在此目录下mkdir /server/program1、安装MySQL#参考资料: /doc/refman/5.1/zh/installing.htmlcd /server/softwaretar xvfz mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz#添加mysql用户组及用户groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql mysql #配置（让mysql支持所有的字符，并默认为gbk字符集)cd /server/software/mysql-5.1.44./configure -prefix=/server/program/mysql -with-unix-sock-path=/tmp/mysql.sock -localstatedir=/server/data -with-charset=gbk -with-extra-charsets=all说明:默认情况，MySQL套接字文件创建为/tmp/mysql.sock出现警告：configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: -with-unix-sock-path#编译make 23：560:22#安装make install #删除默认的mysql的简单配置查看是否有/etc/f 存在。如果有，备份： cd /etcmv f my_f#重新设置mysql配置文件cp /server/software/mysql-5.1.44/support-files/f /etc/f /server/program/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db -user=mysql #执行mysql_install_db在MySQL数据库中创建授权表#把/server/program/mysql这个目录的权限给mysql用户，mysql用户组chown -R mysql:mysql /server/program/mysql#设置mysql数据目录的所有者权限chown -R mysql:mysql /server/data #测试一下mysql是否可以正常启动/server/program/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe -user=mysql &#启动mysql:/server/program/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server start测试一下是否可以进入mysql管理界面:/server/program/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p输入密码，回车show databases;#先停止mysql，以进行下面的安装/server/program/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server stop2、安装aprcd /server/softwaretar xvfz httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz#APR(Apache portable Run-time libraries，Apache可移植运行库)的目的如其名称一样，主要为上层的应用程序提供一个可以跨越多操作系统平台使用的底层支持接口库。cd /server/software/httpd-2.2.14/srclib/apr./configure -prefix=/server/program/aprmakemake install3、安装apr-util#apr-util是apr的一个应用库cd /server/software/httpd-2.2.14/srclib/apr-util/./configure -prefix=/server/program/apr-util -with-apr=/server/program/aprmakemake install4、 装Apache(httpd-2.2.14)cd /server/software/httpd-2.2.14./configure -prefix=/server/program/apache -enable-dav=share -enable-so -enable-rewrite=share -with-apr=/server/program/apr -with-apr-util=/server/program/apr-util -enable-mods-shared=proxy proxy_http proxy_ftp proxy_connect headers相关说明:# -enable-dav=share -enable-so 是subversion需要的# -enable-rewrite=share 让Apache支持url重写# -enable-mods-shared=proxy proxy_http proxy_ftp proxy_connect headers Java环境需要(安装多个WEB服务器，apache做代理）make#编译时间 21:2521:27make install#测试一下apache是否可以正常启动/server/program/apache/bin/apachectl start#先停止apache，以进行下面的安装/server/program/apache/bin/apachectl stop5、安装zlib cd /server/softwaretar xvfz zlib-1.2.3.tar.gzcd /server/software/zlib-1.2.3 ./configure -prefix=/server/program/zlibmake make install 6、安装jpeg cd /server/softwaretar xvfz jpegsrc.v8.tar.gzcd /server/software/jpeg-8 ./configure -prefix=/server/program/jpeg8 -enable-shared -enable-static #可能会出错，所以先建立以下目录mkdir /server/program/jpeg8 mkdir /server/program/jpeg8/include mkdir /server/program/jpeg8/lib mkdir /server/program/jpeg8/binmkdir /server/program/jpeg8/man mkdir /server/program/jpeg8/man/man1 #编译安装make make install 7、安装libpngcd /server/softwaretar xvfz libpng-1.4.1rc04.tar.gzcd /server/software/libpng-1.4.1rc04cp ./scripts/makefile.linux ./makefile./configure -prefix=/server/program/libpng2 #编译安装make make install 8、安装freetype: cd /server/softwaretar xvfz freetype-2.3.11.tar.gzcd /server/software/freetype-2.3.11 ./configure -prefix=/server/program/freetype2make make installmake: install 错误 1 (忽略) 9、 安装GD库cd /server/softwaretar xvfz gd-2.0.35.tar.gzcd /server/software/gd-2.0.35./configure -prefix=/server/program/gd2 -with-zlib=/server/program/zlib/ -with-jpeg=/server/program/jpeg6/ -with-png=/sejpeg8program/libpng2/ -with-freetype=/server/program/freetype2/make #注：make时可能出错，可以执行make两次。/?do=details&task_id=134 make install 10、安装libxmlcd /server/softwaretar xvfz libxml2-2.7.6.tar.gzcd /server/software/libxml2-2.7.6./configure -prefix=/server/program/libxml2makemake install 11、安装curlcd /server/softwaretar xvfz curl-7.20.0.tar.gzcd /server/software/curl-7.20.0./configure -prefix=/server/program/curlmakemake install 12、安装PHPcd /server/softwaretar xvfz php-5.2.14.tar.gzcd /server/software/php-5.2.14./configure -prefix=/server/program/php -with-apxs2=/server/program/apache/bin/apxs -with-mysql=/server/program/mysql -enable-exif -with-gd=/server/program/gd2 -with-jpeg-dir=/server/program/jpeg8 -with-png-dir=/server/program/libpng2 -with-zlib-dir=/server/program/zlib -with-freetype-dir=/server/program/freetype2/ -enable-mbstring -with-libxml-dir=/server/program/libxml2/ -enable-gd-native-ttf -with-tiff-dir=/usr/lib -with-xpm -with-curl=/server/program/curl 下面几个有时会需要：# -with-mbash?#-with-imap=/server/program/imap-2007a #-with-magickwand=/server/program/ImageMagick#注:如果不安装nocc，则不需要-with-imap=/server/program/imap-2007a#注:如果不安装magickwand（或者后安装MagickWand)，则不需要-with-magickwand=/server/program/ImageMagick提示：Notice: Following unknown configure options were used:-with-gd-dir=/server/program/gd2-with-png-with-xml=/server/program/libxml2/-with-tiff-dir=/usr/lib-with-xpmCheck ./configure -help for available optionslibpng没有安装上？提示：Notice: Following unknown configure options were used:-with-tiff-dir=/usr/lib-with-xpmCheck ./configure -help for available optionsmake# 编译时间:18:3518:38make install rm -rf /server/program/php/lib/php.inicp /server/software/php-5.2.14/php.ini-recommended /server/program/php/lib/php.ini如果是 php5.3.0 ，则是:cp /server/software/php-5.2.14/php.ini-production /server/program/php/lib/php.ini 二、配置#建立相关网站目录mkdir /server/wwwmkdir /server/www/xingmo1、编辑Apache配置文件vi /server/program/apache/conf/httpd.conf在 LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so 这一行下面增加以下两行:AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps ServerAdmin 改为:ServerAdmin 注释掉以下行:#DocumentRoot /server/program/apache/htdocs# Options FollowSymLinks# AllowOverride None# Options Indexes FollowSymLinks# AllowOverride None# Order allow,deny# Allow from all#DirectoryIndex index.html改为:DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm index.wml把#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 前面的#去掉。配置shtml:去掉这两行前的注释:AddType text/html .shtmlAddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml第二行加上.html .htm .phpAddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml .html .htm .php保存httpd.conf,退出。然后编辑httpd-vhosts.conf文件vi /server/program/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf设置虚拟主机：NameVirtualHost *:80 Options None DocumentRoot /server/www/xingmo ServerName ErrorLog logs/-error_log CustomLog logs/-access_log common php_admin_value open_basedir /server/www/xingmo:/tmpApache:禁止目录列表:在虚拟主机设置中增加 Options None Options None .如果要支持shtml:修改httpd-vhosts.conf中的:vi /server/program/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf Options None改为Options Includes None保存退出。测试一下：/usr/sbin/setenforce 0/server/program/apache/bin/apachectl restart然后查看phpinfo，如果有pdo_mysql这个部分就说明Apache+PHP+MySQL安装成功了。2、编辑PHP配置文件php.inivi /server/program/php/lib/php.ini 一般地，如果在正式服务器上安装PHP，不让它显示程序错误（如果是调试程序，当然要让它显示啦）：修改php.inidisplay_errors = On改为display_errors = Off注：一般刚安装完默认是Off，则不用修改。设置 expose_php = Off ，那么将无法在 http头信息中看到php的版本信息，这样以增强服务器的安全性。设置时区以适应中国的时区:修改php.ini,设置date.timezone = PRC设置session保存的路径：session.save_path = /tmp设置 upload_tmp_dir的值（上传文件的临时目录）:upload_tmp_dir = /tmp保存并退出3、安装ZendOptimizer:tar xvfz ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.Gz安装 ZendOptimizer-3.3.9,以支持 php5.3.0：下载: wget /optimizer/3.3.9/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz解压:tar xvfz ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gzcd /server/software/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386cp ./data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /server/program/apache/modules/修改php.ini，在最后面加上:zend_extension=/server/program/apache/modules/ZendOptimizer.so重新启动apache:/server/program/apache/bin/apachectl restart查看phpinfo是否已使用Zend Optimizer。4、设置MySQL的最大连接数:vi /etc/f在mysqld下加一行:max_connections = 4000保存并退出，重新启动mysql。查看max_connections的值:/server/program/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pshow variables;查看threads_connected，查看有mysql有多少个连接: /server/program/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pshow status; 退出mysql: quit重新启动mysql/server/program/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server restart待研究：一台机器上安装多个mysql。5、更改MySQL密码:/server/program/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password 1234566、系统启动时自动启动Apache和MySQL:vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local添加:/usr/sbin/setenforce 0/server/program/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server start/server/program/apache/bin/apachectl start说明：因为系统启用了SELinux，启动apache时可能会出错，所以先禁用它（/usr/sbin/setenforce 0）。7、写个php测试页phpinfo.php，内容如下，放在/s