宾语从句和被动语态.doc

中考英语句法知识考题演练被动语态热点一 考查被动语态的时态 在中考英语中,对谓语动词被动语态的各种时态考查主要集中在一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在完成时和过去完成时一般现在时被动语态的构成及用法 一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示现在经常性或习惯性的被动动作,句中常含有today, every day, often等表示现在的时间状语例如: 1. How clean and tidy your bedroom is! Thank you. It _ every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned D. is cleaning(2006年绍兴市) 2. Most of rice in China_in the south. A. are grown B. is grown C. grow D. grows(2005年贵阳市) 3. Will you come to the dinner party? I wont come unless Jenny_ . A. will be invited B. can be invited C. invited D. is invited(2004年安徽省) 4. I want to know when_have a field trip. Well have it when all the work_ . A. you are; will finish B. you will; finishes C. you will; is finished D. you will; is finish(2005年辽宁省) 5. Today computers_in both cities and towns. A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using(2005年陕西省) 6. Mum, may I go out to play football this afternoon? Yes， you can if your homework_ . A. is done B. will do C. has done D. will be done(2005年漳州市) 一般过去时被动语态的构成及用法 一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示在过去时间发生的被动动作,句中常含有yesterday, last year, ten years ago等表示过去的时间状语例如: 1. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he_to the hospital. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken(2005年北京市) 2. Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it_ ? A. built B. was built C. has built D. has been built(2005年河北省) 3. Who is the little boy in the picture? Its me. The picture_ 10 years ago. A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken(2005年山东省课改卷) 4. Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I_when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told(2005年江西省) 5. The recorder_yesterday. It works OK now. A. repaired B. was repaired C. has repaired D. will be repaired(2005年南通市课改卷) 6. Did Jack come to our party yesterday? No, he_ . A. wasnt invited B. didnt invite C. isnt invited D. hasnt invited(2005年宁波市课改卷) 7. These bananas look different and they are sweet. Right. They_here from Taiwanyesterday. A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought(2005年福州市) 一般将来时被动语态的构成及用法 一般将来时的被动语态由“shall/will + be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示将来某一时间将要发生的被动动作,句中常含有tomorrow, next week, in a few years time等表示将来的时间状语例如: 1. A new bridge will_ across the river. A. be building B. be built C. build D. builds(2005年武汉市) 2. I know Mr White is very angry with me. What does he say? He says you_away if youre late again. A. are sending B. has been sent C. are going to send D. will be sent(2005年厦门市课改卷) 3. But where are the books? Dont worry. They_ here in no time. A. have sent B. will be sent C. are sending D. have been sent(2005年武汉市课改卷)4. I believe that those mountains_with trees in a few years time. A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover(2004年沈阳市) 5. Many old houses around our school_next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down(2005年上海市) 现在完成时被动语态的构成及用法 现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has + been + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示到目前为止已经完成的某个被动动作,句中常含有 already, up to now， “since + 时间点”等时态标志例如: 1. Look, Jack. Your bag_ . A. will find B. has been found C. had found(2002年武汉市) 2. Many more houses_for teachers since last year. A. are building B. built C. have built D. have been built(2000年广州市) 过去完成时被动语态的构成及用法 过去完成时的被动语态由“had + been + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示某个被动动作发生在“过去的过去”例如: After the party, some of the students picked up all the rubbish that_on the floor of the hall. A. has been dropped B. has been fallen C. had been dropped D. had been fallen(2005年呼和浩特市) 热点二 考查含有情态动词的谓语动词的被动语态的构成及用法 含有情态动词的句子在变为被动句时,其结构为“情态动词(can, may, must, should 等) + be + 及物动词的过去分词”,常常用来表示具有某种特定感情色彩的被动动作例如: 1. Because of the dry weather, lots of water_to water the crops. A. must carry B. mustnt carry C. must be carried D. be carried(2005年昆明市) 2. The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious. Yes. Something_withit. A. has done B. must be done C. is doing D. was done(2005年河南省) 3. I think high school students should_pocket money. A. be giving B. have given C. give D. be given(2005年杭州市) 4. The flowers_every day, or theyll die. A. must water B. can be watered C. should water D. must be watered(2005年天津市) 5. Today the forests have almost gone. People must_down too many trees. A. stop from cutting B. stop to cut C. be stopped from cutting D. be stopped to cut(2005年沈阳市) 热点三 考查短语动词的被动语态 有些由“动词 + 介词”或“动词 + 副词”或“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词,如look after, talk about, laugh at, listen to, take care of, pay attention to等,在意义上相当于一个及物动词,变为被动语态时,要将整个短语动词视为一个整体,后面的介词或副词不能漏掉例如: 1. The baby_by his grandparents from Monday to Friday. A. was taken care B. was taken care of C. was looked at(2005年重庆市) 2. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It_while we were on holiday. A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of(2005年广州市)被动语态例析1. How clean and tidy your classroom is! Thank you. It_every day. A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. was cleaning D. is cleaning 2. Today computers_on both cities and towns. A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using 3. Mum, may I go out to play football this afternoon? You can if your homework . 。A. is done B. will do C. has done D. will be done 解析:一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词”构成注意:在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,要用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态 4. None of them knew about the plan because it_a secret. A. kept B. keeps C. is kept D. was kept 5. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he_to the hospital. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken 6. Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it_? A. built B. was built C. has built D. has been built 7. Did Jack come to our party yesterday? No, he_. A. wasnt invited B. didnt invite C. isnt invited D. hasnt invited 解析:一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were + 及物动词的过去分词”构成注意:从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致;另外,应从语境入手,确定时态的选用 8. How often_your school sports meeting_? Once a year. A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; held 9. When_the Peoples Republic of China_? On October 1, 1949. A. did; found B. was; founded C. did; founded D. was; found 解析:特殊疑问句的被动语态由“特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句的被动语态”构成 注意:1) 如主动语态句子中的主语是疑问词 who,变为被动语态时,可用 By whom 引起特殊疑问句如将 by 置于句末,则句首既可用 whom,也可用 who 例如: Who bought this house?Whom/Who was this house bought by?/By whom was this house bought? 2) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句要用陈述句被动语态语序例如: Do you know what_? A. it calls B. does it call C. is it called D. it is called 10. The television_. It doesnt work now. A. must repair B. has repaired C. must be repaired D. can be repairing 11. I think high school students should_pocket money. A. be giving B. have given C. give D. be given 解析:含情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成常见的情态动词有 can, may, must, should 等 12. Mr Johns story_by everyone who heard it. A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at 13. The children without parents_by their teachers in this special school. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. are taken good care D. take good care 解析:有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可以接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,其中的介词或副词不可丢掉例如: A short play will be put on for the English evening. 英语晚会上将上演小品 Old people should be looked after very well. 老年人应该得到很好的照顾 14. A beautiful picture_the children by her just now. A. was drawn for B. was drawn to C. is drawn D. was drawn 解析:有些及物动词后面可以跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人的宾语)和直接宾语(指物的宾语)在被动语态中,如果指物的直接宾语作主语,在指人的间接宾语前须加上介词 to(谓语动词多为 pass, show, give, teach, send, write, bring 等)或加上介词 for(谓语动词多为 buy, draw, make, keep 等)例如: A beautiful present was given to me by my uncle yesterday. 昨天我叔叔送给我一件漂亮的礼物15They come into the room by me.Awere seen to B . were seen C. was seen D. were saw to 解析：英语中有feel , hear , listen to, have , make , let , look at, watch ,see , notice，observe，smell, find等这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式作宾补不加to，但变被动句时必须加to. 不定式在help后作宾补时，to可有可无。但改为被动语态时，省略的to必须补出来（但let一般不用于被动语态）。例如：1。You should tell them a true story. A true story should be told to them by you. 2He made the boy work all day. The boy was made to work all day. 3、I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building.5He is often heard to sing in his room.4Who often watch them play football?怎么改？6They did not observe she come in and go upstairs7We heard him say good-bye to his friends8The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 9Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 10let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。11Did you see him go out? 你看见他出去了吗？练习1. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he _ to the hospital. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken(2005年北京市) 2. This kind of desk_ofwood. A. is mending B. made C. is made(2005年长沙市) 3. How clean and tidy your classroom is! Thank you. It_every day. A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. was cleaning D. is cleaning4. Today computers_in both cities and towns. A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using5. Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it_ ? A. built B. was built C. has built D. has been built 6. Dad, please open the door. It_ . OK, I am coming. A. will lock B. locked C. is locked D. was locked(2005年安徽省) 7. Did Jack come to our party yesterday? No, he_ . A. wasnt invited B. didnt invite C. isnt invited D. hasnt invited8. Mum, may I go out to play football this afternoon ? You can if your homework_ . A. is done B. will do C. has done D. will be done(2005年福建省) 9. The 2004 China F1 car race_in Shanghai. A. is held B. was held C. has held D. will be held(2005年长春市) 10. A new bridge will_across the river. A. be building B. be built C. built11. The baby_by his grandparents from Monday to Friday. A. was taken care B. was taken care of C. was looked at(2005年重庆市) 12. The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious. Yes, something_ . A. has done B. must be done C. is doing D. was done(2005年河南省) 13. You should tell Tom that he_to work for the TWENTY-FIRST UNIVERSITY. I think so. I will tell him on his birthday. A. chooses B. has chosen C. chose D. is chosen(2005年黄冈市) 14. These bananas look different and they are sweet. Right. They_here from Taiwan yesterday. A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought(2005年福州市) 15. Salt is very important in our daily life. It_in East and South China. A. produces B. is produced C. be produced D. is producing(2005年海南省) 16. Is the environment good around your city ? Yes.Many trees_here every year. A. are planted B. plant C. are cut down(2005年太原市) 17. English_in many countries. A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. is spoken(2005年桂林市) 18. I think high school students should_pocket money. A. be giving B. have given C. give D. be given(2005年杭州市) 19. What do you think of the basketball match last night? Well, I was surprised that the strongest team_ . A. won B. was lost C. was successful D. was beaten(2005年云南省) 20. People have realized how important the environment is, but still trees_in the world every year. A. were cut down B. cut down C. are cut down D. will be cut down21. Safety glasses_for protecting your eyes. A. uses B. used C. have used D. are used(2005年青海省) Key: 1-5 DCABB6-10 CAABB11-15 BBDBB16-21 ADDDCD宾语从句焦点一 连词 if 与 whether 的选用 if 和 whether 都可以用作连词,引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,但它们在句中不作任何句子成分 if 多用于口语和非正式文体中, whether 多用于比较正式的文体中一般情况下,两者可以互换使用但在下列情况下,只能用 whether,而不能用if 1. 在介词后面例如: Were talking about whether the plan is good enough. 我们正在讨论那个计划是否足够好 2. 在动词不定式前面例如: He cant decide whether to go for a holiday in the south or not. 他不能决定是否去南方度假 3. 直接与 or not 连用例如: No one can exactly know whether or not it is sunny tomorrow. 没有人确切地知道明天是否是晴天 4. 在动词 discuss 的后面例如: Did you discuss whether youll have a hike next week? 你们讨论下周是否去郊游了吗? 请注意: whether 还可以引导主语从句和表语从句,而 if 则不能例如: The question is whether he is fit for the job. 问题是他能否胜任此项工作 if 可以引导否定的宾语从句,而 whether 则不能例如: Mrs Smith asked her son if he hadnt told her the truth. 史密斯夫人问她的儿子是不是他没有把事情的真相告诉她 焦点二 宾语从句的时态 宾语从句谓语动词的时态一般要受主句谓语动词时态的影响当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以根据具体情况使用适当的时态;当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,宾语从句的谓语动词应使用相应的过去时态但当宾语从句表示的是名言客观真理或自然现象等时,从句谓语动词的时态一般不受主句谓语动词时态的限制,习惯上使用一般现在时例如: I wonder how she came back yesterday. 我想知道她昨天是如何回来的 She said that they would go for a picnic. 她说她们要去野餐 Andy told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn. 安迪告诉她的儿子树叶在秋天会变黄 焦点三 宾语从句的语序 由 if, whether, how, when, where 等连接词引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:连接词+主语+谓语例如: What did he say? I want to know.(将两个句子合成一个句子)I want to know what he said. 我想知道他说了些什么 当 what 和 who 在原来的句子中作主语,那么变为宾语从句时,还用原来的语序例如: What has happened to the Green family? Do you know? Do you know what has happened to the Green family? 你知道格林家发生了什么事吗? Who has finished the composition? The teacher asks. The teacher asks who has finished the composition. 老师问谁已经写完了作文 焦点四 宾语从句中的否定前移 当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是 think, suppose, guess, believe, imagine 等时,若宾语从句表示否定意义,通常将否定词 not 前移到主句谓语部分中去例如: She doesnt like swimming. I think. I dont think she likes swimming. 我想她不喜欢游泳 Mary hasnt been to Japan. We guess. We dont guess Mary has been to Japan. 我们猜测玛丽没有去过日本 焦点五 宾语从句与动词不定式(短语)的转换 1. 当 hope, agree, wish, decide, choose, promise 等动词后面接 that 引导的宾语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可转换成动词不定式(短语)例如: Father promised that he would buy a new computer for me. Father promised to buy a new computer for me. 2. 当 know, tell, forget, remember, learn, explain, consider 等动词作主句谓语动词,其后接连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句,并且从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可转换成“连接代词/副词+动词不定式(短语)”结构例如: We dont know what we should do next. We dont know what to do next. 3. 当 tell, ask, show, teach 等动词作主句谓语动词,其后接双宾语,且直接宾语是连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句(从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致)时,宾语从句可转换成“连接代词/副词+动词不定式(短语)”结构例如: She asked me which skirt she should chose. She asked me which skirt to choose. 注意:在以上三种情况中,宾语从句的谓语动词动词多表示将来意义 4. 在 suppose, feel, think, believe, find 等动词后的宾语从句可以转换成含有不定式短语的复合宾语 (1) 宾语从句的主语转换成宾语,从句的谓语部分转换成宾语补足语,即为动词不定式短语“to be+形容词/名词”例如: I find that the plan is unrealistic. I find the plan(to be) unrealistic. 我觉得这个计划不符合实际 (2) 宾语从句“it is +形容词/名词+动词不定式短语”转换成“it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词(宾语补足语)+动词不定式短语(宾语)”的复合宾语例如: We find it is difficult to please her. We find it difficult to please her. 我们发现很难取悦她 一、 1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. won C. will win D. wins3. I dont know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if C. that D. who4. I hear Mr. Green for New York last week.A. have left B. leaves C. leave D. left5. I think the boy already his homework.A. does； do B. did； do C. is； doing D. has； done6. Mr. Green asked to school late.A. who did often come B. who does often comeC. who often comes D. who often came7. The boys said they themselves very much last night.A. enjoyed B. are enjoying C. enjoy D. enjoys8. Please tell me .A. where Lucy lives B. where does Lucy liveC. where did Lucy live D. where Lucy does live9. Does she like to have tea or coffee？It is unknown she would like to have.A. how B. as C. that D. which10.The teacher told the children .A. that Beijing was the capital of ChinaB. Beijing is the capital of ChinaC. Beijing the capital of China isD. the capital of China was Beijing二、 1. Do you know_about China? The people and the food. A. if Jim likes B. how does Jim like C. why does Jim like D. what Jim likes 2. Could you please tell me how soon_? A. is your brother back from Britain B. your brother is back from Britain C. will your brother be back from Britain D. your brother will be back from Britain 3. Do you know_? A. what time would the train leave B. what time does the train leave C. what time will the train leave D. what time the train leaves 4. Our teacher asked me_. A. what was Ann doing these days B. why Peter didnt come to school yesterday C. when will the dolphin show begin D. how long I usually spend on my homework 5. I want to know_the day after tomorrow. A. what he will do B. what will he do C. what he did D. what did he do 6. Could you please tell me_. Its next to the post office. A. where is the supermarket B. where the supermarket is C. where was the supermarket D. where the supermarket was 7. Professor Nelson wanted to know_. A. when would the conference begin B. when the conference would begin C. when will the conference begin D. when the conference will begin 8. No one can be sure_in a million years. A. what man looks like B. what will the man look like C. man will