四种香草用法.doc

Basil, the common name for Ocimum basilicum, is a popular sweet herb of the Mint Family esteemed for flavoring and formerly used for medicinal purposes. An annual of the tropics, it is tender and should not be attempted outdoors until the weather is warm.Basil grows easily from seed which may be sown in the garden or started indoors. Basil also grows well indoors under fluorescent and HID plant growing lights.The small flowers are white or purple, but the plant is grown for its sometimes purple tinged leaves, which are cut during the growing season and used fresh or dried in bundles.Growing BasilPlants should be transplanted or thinned to stand 6 to 10 inches apart; they prefer a quick draining, light soil in a warm location.If the soil is rich, a plant cut back will develop successive crops of foliage until fall. At that time, roots of strong plants can be lifted and potted up to be moved indoors for a winter supply.Although basil will grow best outdoors, it can be easily grown indoors in a container or hydroponic planter and, like most herbs, will do best on a south-facing windowsill (in the Northern Hemisphere). It should be kept away from any drafts, and must have plenty of sunlight, therefore a greenhouse or cold frame is ideal if available.Basil plants whose leaves have wilted from lack of water will normally recover if they are watered thoroughly and immediately placed in a sunny location.Basil can also be propagated very reliably from cuttings.Leaf production slows or stops on any stem which flowers, so you should pinch off any flower stems to keep the plant in production, or pinch off some stems while leaving others to bloom for decoration or seeds. Once you do let the plant flower, it will produce seed pods containing small black seeds which you can save and plant the following year. Picking the leaves off the plant helps promote continuouse growth, largely because the plant responds by converting pairs of leaflets next to the topmost leaves into new stems.OreganoAlso known as Pot Marjoram, Origanum vulgare is a perennial herb and a native of the Mediterranean region. The plant grows to over two feet tall and has oval grayish-green leaves that are frequently used in pizza, spaghetti and marinara sauces, plus many other Italian dishes. It also complements beef or lamb stews, gravies, salads, soups, even tomato juice. Its small flowers can be lilac, pink, purple, or white.Possessing medicinal properties dating back centuries, modern herbalists promote many potential health benefits and home-grown remedies derived from this most versatile herb.Oregano needs only a moderately fertile soil to thrive in, though drainage and friability are important. Plant outdoors 12 inches apart after all danger of frost has passed. Plants are easily started from seed, stem cuttings, or mature root division.Oregano appreciates being hoed regularly and neighboring weeds should be kept under control. Mulching with hay helps keep plants clean outdoors. Oregano lends itself well to container and hydroponic methods of cultivation.When flowers appear, oregano is ready to be harvested, unless continuous picking of leaves during growth prevents flowering. About six weeks after planting, trim oregano shoots to within one inch of the center which will stimulate lush, bushy growth.ParsleyA biennial herb (Petroselinum) grown as an annual. Its many horticultural varieties are grouped as curled leaved (var. crispum), fernleaved (var. filicinum) and Hamburg or rooted (var. radicosum). Though the leaves of all are used for flavoring meat dishes, soups, salads, etc., the curled varieties are most popular in America for this purpose and for garnishing, though the fern-leaved are just as attractive. Hamburg Parlsey is generally cooked like parsnips.As parsley seed germinates slowly (sometimes taking several weeks), it should be soaked in warm water overnight before planting. Sow outdoors in early spring in rows 10 to 12 inches apart, and cover 1/2 inch deep. Later thin the plants to stand about 6 inches apart.The leaves may be cut all season for use as needed. In the fall they may be dried and stored in tight jars, or roots may be transplanted into pots or hydroponic planters to be grown on indoors. The following spring remove the flower stems as fast as they appear so as to keep the plants producing leaves until those grown from a newly sown crop are ready.Parsley grows well in a deep pot, which helps accommodate the long taproot. Parsley grown indoors requires at least five hours of sunlight a day.Parsley grows well in loamy garden soil rich in nitrogen, and does well in full sun or part shade. Parsley can overwinter if lightly mulched during extremely cold weather.ThymeThe common name for Thymus,a genus of aromatic herbs or shrubby plants of the Mint Family, long cultivated and valued as both ornamentals and sweet herbs. They have small lavender or pink flowers and are planted in the rock garden and the border for ornament, or in the herb garden, to be used for seasoning. They grow easily and are easily increased from cuttings or seed.To achieve optimum results, plant the seed indoors in early spring. Thyme is very hardy and will grow under most conditions. It prefers full sun and a soil that is light and sandy, or loamy. Thyme requires minimal fertilization unless the soil quality is of extremely poor quality, or when grown via the hydroponic method.Thyme propagates easily from tip cuttings or crown division. Since it grows slowly, especially early in its life, weed-control is essential. Mulching with straw is helpful.Thyme is harvested in mid-summer, just prior to flowering. Secondary growth will occur for the balance of the year, and this growth should be left to grow, or winter hardiness will be sacrificed.罗勒的公用名是受欢迎的甜中草药调味的推崇与以前用于药用薄荷家族。热带的年度，它是投标、 应不尝试户外直到天气很暖和。罗勒长很容易从种子可在花园里播种或开始在室内。罗勒也会很好在室内增大荧光灯和 HID 植物生长灯下。小花是白色或紫色，但这种植物是长大的因为它有时是紫色的色彩是削减在生长季节和使用新鲜或干在包中的叶子。越来越多的罗勒植物应移植或变薄站 6 到 10 英尺 ；他们更喜欢快速的排水，轻质土在温暖的位置。如果土壤是丰富，削减的植物会到秋季发展连续作物叶面肥。在当时，强大的植物根可以解除和动议冬季供应的室内盆栽。虽然罗勒增长将最佳户外活动，它可以轻松地在室内种植在容器或耕播种机和，象大多数草药、 会做最好 （在北半球） 朝南窗台上。它应远离任何草稿，并肯定会有足够的阳光，因此温室或冷框架是如果可用的理想选择。如果他们是彻底浇水，立即放置在一个阳光明媚的位置，通常将会恢复其叶子已枯萎的水是因为罗勒植物。罗勒也从岩屑传播非常可靠。叶生产减缓或停止任何干上的花，所以你应该关闭任何花茎在生产中，防止植物或离开别人装饰或种子绽放时关闭一些茎捏捏。一旦你做让花卉植物，它会产生种子荚含小黑色的种子，您可以将其保存及植物下一年。采摘植物叶子有助于促进连续增长，很大程度上是因为植物响应通过对旁边的最顶层的叶子单张的转换为新的茎。牛至也称为锅茉，牛是一种多年生草本植物和土生土长的地中海区域。这种植物增长到超过两英尺，有比萨、 意大利通心粉和 marinara 的酱料，再加上其他很多意大利菜中常用的椭圆形的灰绿色叶子。它还补充了牛肉还是羊肉大锅、 饼、 沙拉、 汤，甚至是番茄汁。小花可以是丁香、 粉色、 紫色或白色。具有药用性能可以追溯到几个世纪，现代中医促进许多健康的潜在益处和本土的补救办法，从这种最通用的药草派生。牛至需要只有适度肥沃的土壤中，茁壮成长，虽然排水和脆碎度是重要的。户外厂 12 英寸拆开后霜的所有危险已经都过去。植物很容易从种子、 插条干或成熟的根分区启动。牛至赞赏正在定期锄，并应保持周边杂草控制下。地膜覆盖干草有助于保持清洁户外的植物。牛至它非常适于集装箱和水培方法的培养。花出现，牛至时要收获，除非连续领料的叶子在成长过程中可防止开花。约六个星期后种植、 修剪牛至芽，这将刺激苍翠、 浓密增长中心的一寸内。欧芹作，每年种植两年期服务器药草 （Petroselinum）。其许多园艺品种进行