环境化学类词汇表.doc

A*A/O- anoxic and aerobic oxidation缺氧 / 好氧氧化*AAS-atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收光谱abiotic a非生物的ABSalkylbenzene sulfonate烷基苯磺酸盐abscisa n横坐标*absorbance n吸光度absorbate n被吸收的物质absorbent n吸收剂absorption n吸收作用accessory n附属品 , 附件*acclimation n驯化accumulator n蓄电池acet-乙酰，次乙基acetamide n乙酰胺*acetate n乙酸盐acetenyl-乙块基*acetone n丙酮*acetylene n乙快acidimetry n酸量子滴定法acrylic a丙烯酸的activated absorption n活性吸附activated alumna n活性氧化铝activated carbon n活性炭* activated sludge aeration活性污泥曝气*activity n活度acyl n酰基*additive n添加剂*adiabatic n绝热的absorbent n吸附剂*absorption n吸附作用absorption bar吸附等压线absorption isotherm吸附等温线adverse a不利的,有害的;逆的,相反的*adverse current n逆流aer(o)- 空气，气体aerate v曝气aeration n曝气*aerobic a好氧的aerogel n气凝胶aerogenic bacterial n产气菌*aerosol n气溶胶affinity n亲和力*agar n琼脂agent n试剂airbone dust n飘尘-al a空中的,飞行空中的,空运的,空降的*aldehyde n醛*alga n(pl.) 海藻，藻类 algicide n除藻 剂*aliphatic a脂肪的*alkali n碱，强碱alkalic metal n碱金属alkane n烷*alkene n烯烃alkyl n烷基alkyl mercury烷基汞allyl n烯丙基alum n硫酸铝，明矶48861aluminum sulfate n硫酸铝*ambient a周围的,环境的 n环境,环绕空间*amide n酰胺*amine n胺*amino-氨基*ammonia nitrogen n氨氮ammonia-soda process氨碱法*ammonium n铵（NH4+）amphoteric a两性的amyl-戊基amylolysis n淀粉水解amylopectin n支链淀粉amylose n直链淀粉*anaerobic a厌氧的*anaerobic digestion n厌氧消化analysis variance n方差分析analytic balance n分析天平-ane甲烷( 饱和 )anhydride n(酸)酐*aniline n苯胺*anionic阴离子的anisotropic a各向异性的annulara环形的，轮形*anoxic a缺氧的antifoamer n防沫剂apparatus n仪器，装置appurtenance n附属设备，附件aquatic a水生的*aquifer n蓄水居aquo-水合argon n氢*aromatic a芳香的aryl a芳香基asbestos n石棉asphalt n沥青，柏油assay v./n. 化验，( 药物 ) 分析，检定assimilate v同化*atmospheric boundary大气边界层Atmospheric dispersion model大气弥散模式*atomizer n雾化器autoclave n高压釜*auto-exhaust 机动车排气autopurification n自净作用*autorophic a自养的autotroph n自养生物axial-flow pump n轴流泵azeotorpe n共沸混合物，恒沸物azeotorpic共沸混合物的azide n叠氮化合物azo-偶氮基*azo-dye n偶氮染料azotize v固氮B*back extraction n反萃取backup n支持，备用设备backwashing n反冲洗*baffle n档板，折流板*bar rack粗格栅base n碱，强碱basic carbonate n碱式碳酸盐*batch n一次的份量，一批beaker n烧杯*bench-scale a小型的，小试的，实验室规模的bentonite n膨润土*benzo-苯并 -*benzoic a安香息酸的，苯甲酸的，苯甲酸基benzoxy- n苯甲酸基*benzyl n苯甲基*benzene n苯bicarbonate n酸式碳酸盐binary a由两部分组成的,二进位制的,二元的*bio-生物的-*bioactivity n生物活性bioassay n生物测量*biochemical a生化的*bioconcentrationn生物富集*biodegradable a生物可降解的bio-disk system n生物转盘*biofilm n生物膜*biological a生物学的*biomass n生物量biooxidation n生物氧化*bioremediation n生物法归扑救 biosphere n生物罔biota n生物群biotope n群落生境*biouptake n生物吸收Blank test空白试验blower n鼓风机*BOD-biochemical oxygen demand生化需氧量*boiler n锅炉breakdown n细目分类break-point chlorination折点加氯*brine n盐水，海水*BTEX-benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯*buffer n缓冲、挡板*bulking n膨胀*bulking sludge污泥膨胀bumper n保险杆*buret n滴定管but-丁*butane n丁烷butyl-丁基by-product n副产物C*calibrate v标定、校准*calomel n甘汞电极*capillary n毛细管capsule n容器,小皿,小盒;航天舱,密封舱caption n标题，（图片的）说明，解说词carbohydrate n碳水化合物*carbolic a（苯）盼的carbon monooxide n一氧化碳*carbonaceous a碳的，含碳的*carbonyl n羰基*carboxyl-羧基*carboxylic a竣基的carcinogenic a致癌的*catalyst n催化剂*cationic a阳离子的*caustic a苛性的caveIY1OIls a多孔的celite n硅藻土cellular a细胞的cellulose n纤维素center take off中心出水*centrifugal a离心的centrifuge n离心机*centripal a向心的*chain reaction n链式反应char n煤焦charcoal n木炭chelant n整合剂*chlorination n氯化作用chlorine n氯，氯气chloro-氯-chlorobenzene n氯苯*chlorofluorohydrocarbon n氯氟烃*chloroform n氯仿chloroplast n叶绿体*Chromatography n色谱法，层析cinder n煤渣，炉渣*cis-顺-*clarifier n澄清池，澄清剂claus process n克劳斯 ( 二段脱硫 ) 法*CMRcombinative mixed reactor n完全混合式反应器*coagulation n混凝coal-tar n煤焦油coating n涂敷、涂布cocatalyst n助催化剂cock n考克，旋塞*COD-chemical oxygen demand化学需氧量*coefficient n系数coke n焦炭cold trap n冷*coliformn大肠杆菌阱collaboration n合作，协作*colloidal n胶体*colorimeter n比色计comminution n粉碎common-ion effect n同离子效应comonomer n共聚单体compartment n隔板，间格，部分compatibility n可混性,混溶性,相溶性;配伍性,可混用性competitive adsorption n竞争吸附complex n络合物*complexation n络合作用compleximetric a络合滴定的composite n复合材料*compost n堆肥compsite n复合材料*concentration n浓度concentration solubility product浓度溶度积condensation n冷凝作用*conduit n导管conjugated acid n共轭酸*conjugation共轭*consecutive reaction n连串反应conservation n保存，保护，守恒consistency n稠度、粘稠性*console n控制台，仪表板constant rate pump n恒流泵* constant temperature bath恒温浴*constituent n成分*contaminant n污染物*contour 轮廓线，等值线，周线，围道contractor n立约人，承包商coprecipitate v共沉淀correlate v柑关，使相互关联Corrode v腐蚀corrosion n腐蚀counter-逆- countercurrent n逆流courier n通讯员，信使*covalent a共价的cracking n裂解*cresol n甲酚criteria n标准，规范*crucible n坩埚cryogenic a低温的crystalline n晶体*culture n培养液，培养基cure v硫化，固化cyanide n氟化物*cyclone n旋风分离器cylinder n汽缸Ddata processing n数据处理database n数据库dec-癸deca十decantation n倾析泣，倾滤，滗析*decibel n分贝*deep shaft reactor深井曝气degenerate n退化、变性、变质*degrit v除砂*deplete v耗尽，弄空derivation n衍生物desiccation n干燥destructive distillation n干馏detention n停留*detergent n清洁剂，去垢剂deteriorate v使变坏， 使恶化， 损坏，消耗dew n露*dextrorotatory a右旋光的di-二*diaphragm n渗析，透析器*diaphragm a隔膜的diastase n淀粉酶*diazo-重氮基*diazo salt n重氮盐*dichromaye n重络酸盐*diesel n柴油机，内燃机differential potentiometric titration差示电位滴定* diffraction n衍射diffraction analysis衍射分析*diffuser n扩散器digestion n消化*diolefin n二烯烃dioxins n二恶英diole moment偶极距*direct anodic stripping voltammetry直接阳极溶出伏安法discrepancy n误差、偏差discrete a不远续的，分立的，离散的*disinfect v消毒disinfectant n消毒剂disintegrator n破碎机disposal v处置，处理dissolved-air flotation溶气浮选法*distillation n蒸馏*diurnal a白天的*DO-dissolved oxygen溶解氧dosage n剂量*drainage n排水，排水设备droplet n微滴dyes n染料EE.Coli.(escherichia coli) n埃希氏大肠杆菌ebullating bed n沸腾床ECD-electron capture detector电子捕获检测器*ecology n生态学ecosystem n生态系统*effluent n出水，流出物*EIA environmental impact assessment环境影响评价*electrocapillarity n电毛细管现象electrolyte n电解质，电解液electronegativity n电负性electronmicroscope n电子显微镜*electro-osmosis n电渗透electroplate n电镀*eluant n洗提液empirical a经验的*emulsion n乳化液，乳浊液encapsulate v密封， 封装endo-内*endogenous a内源的*endrin n异狄氏剂-ene烯ennea九*enthalpy n焓*entropy熵*environmental hormone n环境激素*enzyme n酶*environmental protection agency环境保护局*epoxy a环氧的，n.环氧树脂epoxy-环氧基*equivalent a等当量的erode v腐蚀erratic a不稳定的，不规律的*ester n酯-ester 酯esterification n酶化反应esturary n河口eth- 乙*ether n醚-ether醚ethylene n乙烯eutection n低共熔的，易熔的*eutrophic a富营养化的eutrophication n富营养化evaporation n蒸发作用，发散*exchange adsorption n交换吸附excreta n排泄物*exothermicity n放热性exponent n指数，幕数阶*extended aeration延时曝气*extracellular enzyme n胞外酶*extraction n萃取extrapolation n外推法，推断Ffacility n设施factoring n因式分解*facultative a兼性的ferri-铁*ferric a三价铁的ferrite n铁素体，铁氧体*ferro-亚铁ferro-亚铁-*ferrous a含有铁的，亚铁的，二价铁的* filamentous n丝状菌*filtrate n滤液filtration n过滤flake n薄片flame spectrophotometryn火焰光度法flap n活盖，活板*flask n烧瓶f1ask n烧瓶f1ex n软管*flocculation n絮凝*flotation n气浮*flowrate n流量，流率flue-gas desulfurization烟气脱硫fluffy a松散的，易碎的fluidized bed n流化床fluoride n氟化物fluorimetry n荧光法fluorine n氟flush v冲洗，水淹foliage n叶子，树叶，叶簇*formaldehyde n甲醒*formalin n福尔马林*formic a甲酸的fossil n化石fractionation n分馏,分凝free swimming ciliates游泳型纤毛虫Freon n氟利昂front-panel n面板frothing n起泡*FRPfiberglass reinforced plastics玻璃钢fugacity n逸度*full-scale n实际尺寸,实物大小,满刻度,大规模的fume n(难闻的)烟，气fungi n真菌fungicide n除菌剂GGACgranular activated carbon颗粒活性炭galactose n半乳糖galvanometer n电流计*gasifier n气化器*GC/MS-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry色质联用gel n冻胶，凝胶generic a属的，类的geothermal stream n地热流*glucose葡糖糖*glycerol n甘油，丙三醇granular a颗粒状的granulometry n粒度分析grating n光栅，摩擦，隔栅gravel n砾石gravimetric a测量重量的*greenhouse effect n温室效应grit n粗砂gunite n水泥砂浆层H*halide n氯化物*halo-卤-*halogen n卤素handbook n手册，指南*hazardous a危险的，冒险的*headloss n水头损失heat capacity constant pressure等压热容量*heat capacity at constant volume等容热容helical a螺旋的*helical agitator n螺旋式搅拌器hept-庚hepta n七herbicide n除草剂hetero-杂-*heterogeneity n不均匀性，多相性heterotrophic a异氧的hex-己hexa-六hinder v阻止，阻碍hood n通风橱*hopper n漏斗hose n胶管*HPLC-high performance liquid chromatography高压液相色谱*HRT-hydraulic retention time水流停留时间*Humus n腐殖质*hybridism a杂化的 *hydration n水合作用*hydraulic n水力的*hydro-氢化*hydrocarbon n碳氢化合物，烃类*hydrochloric acid盐酸*hydrolysis n水解*hydrophilic a亲水的*hydrophobic a疏水的hydroscopic a吸湿的hydrosol n水溶胶hydrostatic a流体静力学的hydroxides n氢氧化物*hydroxyl-羟基-hyperbola n双曲线*hypo-次-*hypochlorite n次氯酸盐hypod1esis n假设，假说；前提I-ic anhydride n酸酐IC-ion chromatography离子色谱*imhoff a双层的-imide n酰亚胺*-imine 亚胺immobilize v使不动，使固定*immobilized enzyme 固定化酶*impeller n叶轮*in situ n现场incidence n发生率*incinerate v焚烧*incubation n培养*indicator n指示剂inert n惰性inertia n惯性*influent n进水*inhalable a可吸入的*inhibit v约束，抑制insecticide n杀虫剂*instrumental analysis 仪器分析 intake n摄入量*intermittent a间歇式的，周期性的*intracellular enzyme n胞内酶*intrinsic a内在的，本质的，固有的*inventory n（商品，物资等）清单，目录iodine n碘*ion n离子*ion exchanger 离子交换剂ionpair n离子对*IP-inhalable particle 可吸入颗粒物*iso- 异-isobutyl- 异丁基*isomer n同分异构体*isopiestic a等压的*isopropyl n异丙基*isotope n同位素*isotropy n各向同性iterative method 迭代法Jjack n起重机，千斤顶，插座K *ketone n酮*kinetic a动力学的L*lactic a乳酸的lactose n乳糖*lagoon n氧化塘*laminar a层流的*landfill v填埋的LAS linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 线性烷基苯磺酸盐lathe n车床lattice n晶格，点阵，网络结构*leachate n渗出液，沥出液*lean phase n贫相levorotatory a左旋光的lift pipe 提升管*lignin n木质素*lime n石灰limestone n石灰石*liner n衬里litmus n石蕊*loading n负荷logarithmic a对数的*LPG-liquified petroleum gas 液化石油气lyophilic a亲液的lysimetric a溶度的M*manifold n歧管marsh gas 沼气mass balance 物料衡算*membrane n膜*mercaptan n硫醇mercury n贡meteorological a气象学的，气象的mesoscale n中间尺度*meta- 偏-，间位*metabolism n新陈代谢metallurgical a冶金学的，冶金术的metasilicate n硅酸盐metastable a亚稳态的metathesis n复分解作用*meth- 甲*methane n甲烷methodology n方法学，分类法*methyl- 甲基 *microorganism n微生物*microscreening n超滤*MLSSmixed liquor suspended solid 混合液中的悬浮固体*MLVSSmixed liquor volatile suspended solid 混合液中挥发性悬浮固体moiety n部分，半个*molality n（重量）摩尔浓度molarity n（体积）摩尔浓度molecular adsorption n分子吸附moment n矩mono- 单monomer n单体monophase a单相的moving-bed reactor 移动床反应器*municipal a市政的mutagenicity n诱变性*MW-molecular weight 分子量N*n- 正*naphthalene n萘，卫生球*naphthene n环烷烃*NDIR-nondispersive infrared method 非分散红外法nebulous a模糊的neuston n飘浮生物nirosation n亚硝化作用*nitrile n腈*nitrite n亚硝酸盐*nitro- 硝基-*nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮nitroso- 亚硝基-*NMHC-non-methane hydrocarbon compounds 非甲烷总烃*NMR-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 核磁共振nocturnal a夜晚的nomenclature n术语non- 壬*normality n当量浓度，正态性*nucleophilic a亲核的O*oct- 辛octa 八octane number 辛烷值odor n气味off-gas n废气*off-line a离线的oil refining 炼油，石油精制*-ol 醇*olephylic a亲油的*olephobic a疏油的olfactory a嗅觉的-one 酮on-line analysis 在线分析*on-site a在场的，就地的*ORP oxidation reduction potential 氧化还原电位*ortho- 原-，邻位orthogonal a直角的，正交的OTEoxygen transfer efficiency 氧传输效率*OURoxygen utilization rates 氧利用效率outfall n排水口overdraft n透支，透支额*overflow n./v溢流oxa- 氧杂-oxalate n草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidant n氧化剂oxidase n氧化酶oxidation n氧化作用-oxide 氧*oxygen sag curve 氧垂曲线oxygen transfer coefficient 供氧系数-oyl 酰*ozone depletion 臭氧耗竭*ozonization n臭氧化P*packing n填料*PAC-powder activated carbon, polyaluminum chloride 粉末活性炭，聚合氯化铝 paddle n桨*PAHpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 多环芳烃PAMpolyacrylamide 聚丙烯酰胺*PANperoxy acetyl nitrate 过氧硝酸乙酰酯paper pulp n纸浆*para- 对-，仲-*paraffin n烷烃，石蜡particulate n颗粒物pathogenic a病原的，致病的*PCBpolychlorinated biphenyl 多氯联苯pent- 戊penta 五*peptide n肽化合物per- 过-*percolate n渗透液 v.过滤percolation n渗透perforated plate 多孔板peristaltic pump 蠕动泵permeate v渗透*peroxide n过氧化物*pe