单词-for students.doc

Unit 3 Why I Teach Word study1. outweigh: v. be more important or valuable than sth. elseThe benefits of this treatment far outweigh any risks.这种治疗的疗效远远好于它的危险。This outweighs all other consideration.这一点是首先要考虑的。The advantages of the plan outweigh its drawbacks. 那计划的优点胜过缺点。2. administrative: a. of the management of affairs 行政的，管理的He holds an administrative post in the company.他处在公司的管理位置上。His duties are mainly administrative.他的职责主要是行政方面的。administration n. 管理（部门），行政（机关）CF: administer，manage & execute 这三个动词均有“管理、支配”之意。administer指官方的或正式的对事务的管理。manage 强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权管理或处理之意。execute意为对命令、计划或某一件工作的贯彻、执行或实施。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. He asked his brother to his will. 2. World affairs should by all countries in the world. 3. The Foreign Minister foreign affairs. 4. The plan was good, but it was badly . 5. The hotel is badly . 3. puzzle: vt. to make (sb.) feel helpless and uncertain in the effort to explain or understand sth. 使迷惑；使为难 He was puzzled what to do next / how to answer the letter. 他不知道下一步该怎么办（如何回这封信）。 Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。n. a game or toy that has a lot of pieces that you have to fit together; sth. that is difficult to understand or explain Its a puzzle where all my money goes each week. 我的钱每周都花到哪里去了还真是个谜。Collocation:be in a puzzle 不知如何是好Chinese puzzle （七巧板、九连环等）中国智力玩具cross-word puzzle 纵横填字游戏jigsaw puzzle 拼板玩具CF: puzzle, confuse & bewilder这三个动词都有“使迷惑不解”之意。puzzle:：指“情况错综复杂, 因而使人感到困惑不解”。confuse：指“把事物混淆或弄乱”或 “由于混淆、混乱而糊涂”, 语气较弱, 常指暂时现象。bewilder：指“由于迷惑不解或惊愕而慌乱、糊涂和不知所措”, 语气比前两个词都强。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Shes been _ over his strange letter for weeks.2. They asked me so many questions that they _me.3. The child was _ by the noise and the crowds.4. profession n. occupation, esp. one requiring special training, such as law, medicine, or teachingAs a sophomore, I still dont know what profession would suit me.我已经大二了，仍然不知道自己适合干什么职业。Jeanne has decided on law as her profession. She wants to be a lawyer.Collocations: practice a profession 从事某职业the legal / medical profession 法律 / 医疗职业（界）5. convince vt. make (sb.) feel certain; cause (sb.) to realize; persuade sb. to do sth.We convinced Anne to go by train rather than by plane.我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。The best way to convince a fool that he is wrong is to let him have his own way.要让傻瓜相信他错了，最好的办法就是由他去。If you would convince a man that he does wrong, do right. Men will believe what they see. (Henry David Thoreau)要使一个人相信他错了，你得做出正确的。眼见为实。Pattern:be convinced of (that) 确信；承认be fully (half) convinced 完全相信（半信半疑）convince sb. of 使某人承认；使某人信服convince oneself of 充分相信6. compel vt. force (sb. or sth. to do sth.) 强迫，迫使屈服Only by self-respect will you compel others to respect you.人只有首先尊重自己，别人才会不得不尊重你。Their cleverness and skill compel our admiration.他们的聪明和技艺博得我们的赞赏。More examples:Having found himself out of gas, the driver was compelled to walk several miles to the nearest village.He was compelled by illness to drop out of school.7. amaze: to surprise someone very much 使惊愕 David amazed his friends by suddenly getting married. 大卫突然结婚，使他的朋友们大吃一惊。同根词：amazed adj. 感到惊讶的amazing adj. 令人惊讶的amazement n. 惊讶近义词：surprise, astonish, shock短语： be amazed at/by 对感到惊讶8. pace n. rate or speed of development, or in walking, etc. 速度；步速 I cannot walk at that pace.我不能以那种速度行走。She finished only a few paces behind the winner.到达终点时, 她仅比获胜者落后几步。You seem to be working at a lower pace than normal.Schoolchildren should be allowed to work at their own pace.9. calendar n. 日程表，日历According to the calendar my birthday falls on a Sunday this year.按照今年的日历, 我的生日恰好是个星期日。The presidential elections are the highlight of next years political calendar.总统选举是明年政治日程表上的大事。10. opportunity n. favorable occasion or chance to do sth. when it is easy for you do do sth. I had no opportunity to discuss it with her.我没有机会和她谈这件事。Cf: opportunity chance & occasionopportunity 侧重指有利或适合于采取行动，以达到某一目的或实现某种愿望的最佳时机或机会。chance 侧重指偶然或意外的机会，有时也指正常或好的机会。occasion 指特殊时机或良机，也指时节。Collocations:opportunity for/of doing something; opportunity to do something 有的机会take the opportunity of doing something 趁机at the first/earliest opportunity 一有机会Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Theres a faint that youll find him at home. 2. The exhibition is a unique to see her later works. 3. Is there any of getting tickets for tonights performance? 4. We met on several to discuss the issue. 5. I got this job completely by . 6. I seem to remember that on that he was with his wife. 7. Let me take this to say a few words. 11. reflection: n. careful thinking; consideration 深思,考虑; an image that you can see in a mirror, glass, or water 映像reflect: v. to form an image of; to mirror 反映，形成物体的形象reflect on : 思考，反省A moments reflection will show you are wrong.只要略加考虑就可看出你错了。 She failed this time because she did it without sufficient reflection. 她这次失败了，因为她没有充分考虑就做了。 We looked at our reflections in the lake.Collocations: after reflection 经过考虑之后on reflection 再三思考12. stimulate: vt. encourage; excite 刺激；激励The way to get things done is to stimulate competition.做好事情的办法就是刺激竞争。 Praise always stimulates her to make further efforts / to make greater efforts. 表扬她就能激励她更加努力。CF: stimulate, encourage & inspire这三个动作均表示“鼓励，激励”之意。 stimulate: 尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振作起来或增强做某事的信心和勇气。encourage: 指提高某人情绪，增强战胜困难、实现目标的信心和勇气。inspire: 通常指鼓起勇气，充满信心和希望。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. The exhibition _ interest in the artists works. 2. His noble example _ the rest of us to make greater efforts. 3. Her parents _ her in her studies.13. freshman: n. student in his first year at a college or university 大一新生 Sophomore: student in his second year at a college or university 大二生Junior: student in his third year at a college or university 大三生Senior: student in his fourth year at a college or university 毕业班的学生14. technological a. of or related to technology 技术的 Technological advances in computing and telecommunications will reduce the need for many people to travel to work. We are living in an era of rapid technological change.15. renovate: vt. restore (old buildings, oil paintings, etc.) to a former, better state 修复，修整The old furniture here should be renovated.旧家具需要整修翻新。16. repay : vt. pay back (money, etc.)The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus.公司发给她奖金以酬谢她工作努力.Collocations:repay the money to sb. 把钱还给（某人）repay ones debt to society 回报社会17. loan: n. sth. lent, esp. a sum of money 借出的东西；贷款Examples：谢谢你借给我自行车。Thank you very much for the loan of your bike.金钱债好偿，人情债难还。One can pay back the loan of gold, but one dies forever in debt to those who are kind.More examples:Its more and more difficult to get a bank loan now.The World Bank has promised to make a further loan of $2 million for this project. Collocations:on loan 出借ask for the loan of 请求借用have the loan of sth. 借某物18. distribute: vt. divide among several or many; give or send out 分发；分送distribution : n.They distributed the prizes among the winners.他们把奖品分发给获胜者。People there often complain that wealth is not evenly distributed in their society.Experience seems to be the only thing of any value thats widely distributed.经验似乎是广泛传播的事物中唯一有价值的一个。New information is quickly distributed to millions of people all over the world by means of the Internet.CF: distribute, assign & divide 这三个动词均含“分配，分发”之意。distribute：通常指以整体或定量分为若干份来分配。assign：指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配， 常暗示着分配人的武断性。divide：普通用词，侧重将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Two of Dickenss novels _ for home reading this term. 2. Santa Claus _ gifts to the children. 3. The two brothers _ the money equally. 4. The company _ bonuses at the end of each year. 5. They _ me a small room. 19. variety: n. difference in quality, type or character; a number of or a collection of different things 变化，多样化；种种 My job lacks variety; I am doing the same things all the time. The Beijing Museum has a wide variety of objects on display.20. energetic: a. vigorous 精力充沛 The more the young students worked, the more energetic they became. 这些年轻的学生们越干越有劲。 Look how energetic the old man is! 看那位老人多精神！同根词：energy n. 精力，活力 energetically 精力充沛地21. learned: a. showing or requiring much knowledge 博学的 The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is. A learned German is writing a book about recent medical breakthroughs.22. occasional: a. happening from time to time, not regular 偶尔的，间或的The family needs an occasional chauffeur these days.家里这些天需要一个临时司机。Your writing is quite good except for a few occasional mistakes in spelling or grammar.In these islands, there are occasional earthquakes, but not very violent ones.23. switch: vt. change or shift; turnEvery time someone switches TV on, I go into another room and read a good book.每当有人把电视打开，我就会去另一个房间去读一本好书。Knowledge is power, but enthusiasm pulls the switch.知识是电，热情是开关。In Japan, Lu Xun started as a medical student but then switched to literature.在日本，鲁迅起初学医，后弃医从文。24. urban: a. of a town or city Traffic is a major urban problem. I prefer to work in an urban environment, where there are good libraries and cultural facilities. In the past ten years or so, Chinas urban population has been increasing very rapidly.25. civil rights: n. the rights of a citizen without regard to his race, religion, sex, etc. 公民权 I became a civil rights lawyer and taught constitutional law (Obama) 我成了一名民权事务律师，并教授宪法课程。（奥巴马）26. intuition: n. (power of) the immediate understanding of truths, events, facts without reasoning 直觉Nobody told me where to find you. It was sheer intuition.没有人告诉我到哪儿去找你. 我纯粹是凭直觉找到你的.Collocations:have an intuition 有一种直觉trust ones intuition 相信某人的直觉by intuition 凭直觉27. analysis: n. the separation of a substance into parts for careful examination and study 分析It requires a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious.要对显而易见的事物进行分析，需要超群的智力。Our analysis shows that the companys failure was caused by lack of investment.NB: analysis 的复数形式是analyses, 动词形式为analyse或analyze。与其有相似变化的词还有：basisbasesbase paralysisparalysesparalyse / paralyze28. promotion: 促进，鼓励，晋升，推销She worked hard and soon got a promotion. 她工作十分努力，很快得到了提拔。 This electric razor is our latest promotion.这种电剃刀是我们的最新产品。反义词：demotion n. 降级29. point: n. main idea or purpose 要点；意义，目的 What is the point of talking to her again? Shes already made up her mind. Now that Father has made the final decision, there is no point in arguing further.30. spark: n. a small bit of burning material thrown out by a fire or by the striking together of two hard objects 火花，火星 The firework burst into a shower of sparks. 烟火爆发出一阵火花。 v. to be the cause of; to lead to 激发; to produce sparks 冒火花 Spark interest in fine arts. 激发对美术的兴趣。 Her eyes were sparking with fury. 她气得眼冒怒火。Collocations:make the sparks fly 干得非常积极not a spark of 毫无，一点都不strike sparks out of sb. 激发某人的聪明才智31. rare: not seen or found very often, or not happening very oftenThe museum is full of rare and precious treasures. It is rare for a person in his position to make such a mistake.With rare exceptions, he does not appear in public now. 除了极其个别的情况外, 他现在不公开露面。CF: rare, scarce & uncommon 这三个形容词均含“稀罕的，很少发生”之意。 rare:指难得发生的事或难遇见的人或事，侧重特殊性。scarce:指暂时不易发现、不存在或数量不足、供不应求的东西。 uncommon指一般不发生或很少发生的事情，故显得独特、异常与例外。1. It is _ for her to arrive late. 2. Eggs are _ and expensive this month. 3. Hurricanes are _ in England.31. magic: n. mysterious charm; strange influence or power; art of obtaining mysterious results by tricks 魔力；魔术Like magic, the car changes into a boat when it hits the water. They believe that it was all done by magic. 他们相信那都是魔法造成的。adj. very good or very enjoyableThat music is really magic! We had a magic time today! 我们今天玩得很痛苦！PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS1. stay up: not go to bed until after the usual time 不睡觉，熬夜 He stays up reading and writing until midnight every day. Ill be home late, but please dont stay up for me.2. learn ones lesson: to learn something useful from the mistake(s) one has made He had learned his lesson and wouldnt repeat the mistake. I have learned my lesson from the accident and wont drive after drinking the alcohol.3. build on: base on; use as a base for further developmentThey drew the conclusion by building on their own research work.他们根据自己的研究作出了这个结论。build是一个常用词，与之搭配组成的短语还有：build in 安装，固定build into使固定于，使成为的一部分build up 树立，建立；增进，增强4. leave out: fail to mention or include; omitShe left out an important detail in her account.她在叙述中漏掉了一个重要细节。leave 还有很多其他的搭配，例如：leave alone 让独自待着；不打扰leave behind 忘了带；留下leave for 动身前往（某地）5. send off : post; dispatchPlease see that these parcels are sent off at once. 请注意，这些包裹必须立即寄出。6. catch ones breath: rest so as to be able to continue an activity, stop breathing for a moment from surprise, shock, etc.Examples:1. After running to the bus stop, we sat down to catch our breath.2. The dogs were catching their breath after the long chase.Collocations:hold ones breath 屏住呼吸out of breath 气喘吁吁under (ones) breath 压着嗓子低声说in one breath / in the same breath 同时，立刻QuizI. Fill in each of the blanks in the sentences with the following word or phrase, change the forms if necessary:administrativeanalysiscivilcompelconvincedistributeenergeticintuitionlearnedloanpaceprofessionreflectionrenovaterepaysparkstimulateswitchtechnologicalurban1. In terms of population, Greater New York City is th