医学细胞学英语.doc

Prokaryotic cell 原核细胞Eukaryotic cell 真核细胞Cell wall 细胞壁Cell membrane 细胞膜/plasma membrane 质膜Cytoplasm 细胞质Nucleus 细胞核Nucleoid 拟核Plasmid 质粒Membranous structure 膜相结构Nonmembranous structure 非膜相结构Biomembrane 生物膜磷脂糖脂胆固醇Membrane protein 膜蛋白Integral protein 膜内在蛋白/mosaic protein 镶嵌蛋白、Transmembrane protein 跨膜蛋白Peripheral protein 膜周边蛋白Lamella model 片状结构模型Unit membrane structure model 单位膜结构模型Fluid mosaic model 液态镶嵌模型Crystal mosaic model 晶格镶嵌模型Block mosaic model 板块镶嵌模型Asymmetry 不对称性Fluidity 流动性Cell surface 细胞表面Cell junction 细胞连接Tight junction 紧密连接Adhering junction 粘合连接Belt desmosome 带状桥粒Spot desmosome 点状桥粒Hemidesmosome 半桥粒Communicating junction 通信连接Gap junction 间隙连接Passive transport 被动运输Simple diffusion 简单扩散Ion channel diffusion 离子扩散通道Ion channel protein 离子通道蛋白Facilitated diffusion 易化扩散Carrier protein 载体蛋白Active transport 主动运输Na-K pump 钠钾泵Ca-pump 钙泵Endocytosis 胞吞作用Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Pinocytosis 胞饮作用Receptor mediated endocytosis 受体介导的胞吞作用Phagosome 吞噬体Phagocytic vesicle 吞噬泡Pinosome 胞饮体Pinocytic 胞饮小泡Coated pits 有被小窝Endosome 内吞体Exocytosis 胞吐作用Receptor 受体 Signal 信号 Ligand 配体Membrane receptor 膜受体 Signal transduction 细胞信号转导Ion-channel receptor 离子通道受体Enzyme-linked receptor 酶偶联受体G protein-coupled receptor G 蛋白偶联受体Organelle 细胞器Cytoplasmic matrix or cytomarix 细胞基质Endomembrane system 内膜系统Endoplasmic reticulum ER内膜系统Microsome 微粒体Rough endoplasmic reticulum RER粗面内质网Granular endoplasmic reticulum GER 颗粒内质网Smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER 光面内质网Agranular endoplasmic reticulum AER 无颗粒内质网Signal peptide 信号肽Signal recognition particle 信号识别颗粒Internal reticular apparatus内网器Golgi apparatus 高尔基器Golgi body 高尔基体Saccules 扁平囊Cis Golgi network 顺面高尔基网Forming face 形成面Immature face 未成熟面Mdedial Golgi network中间高尔基网Trans Golgi network反面高尔基网Mature face 成熟面Lysosome 溶酶体Lysosomal enzyme 溶酶Primary lysosome 初级溶酶体Secondary lysosome 次级溶酶体Heterophagic lysosome 异噬性溶酶体Autophagic lysosome 自噬性溶酶体Autophagosome 自噬体Heterophagy 异噬作用Autophagy 自噬作用Granulolysis 粒溶作用Inborn lysosomal disease 先天性溶酶体病Mitochondrion 线粒体Outer membrane 外膜Inner membrane 内膜Cristae 嵴Intracristal space 嵴内腔Elementary particle 基粒/ATPase complex ATP酶复合体Intermembrane space 膜间腔Intercristal space 嵴间腔Cellular oxidation 细胞氧化Cytoskeleton 细胞骨架Microfilament MF 微丝Microtubule MT 微管Intermediate filament IF中间丝Tubulin 微管蛋白Microtubule-associated protein MAP 微管相关蛋白Protofilament 原纤维Globular actin 球形肌动蛋白Keratin filament 角蛋白纤维Desmin filament结蛋白纤维Vimentin filament 波形蛋白纤维Neurofilament 神经元纤维Neuroglial filament 神经胶质纤维 Centrosome 中心体/diplosome 双心体Centriole 中心粒Centrosphere 中心球Centriolar satellite 中心粒卫星Microtubule organizing center 微管组织中心Cilia 纤毛Flagella 鞭毛Dynein 动力蛋白Shaft 毛部Basal body 基体Rootlet 根丝Central sheath 中央鞘Ribosome 核糖体Attached ribosome 附着核糖体Free ribosome 游离核糖体Polyribosome/polysome 多核糖体Structural protein 结构蛋白Export protein 外输蛋白、secretory protein 分泌蛋白细胞核Nuclear membrane 核膜Perinuclear space 核周间隙/perinuclear cistrernae 核周池Nuclear pores 核孔Nuclear pore complex 核孔复合体Nuclear lamina 核纤层Chromatin 染色质Chromosome 染色体 Euchromatin 常染色质Heterochromatin 异染色质Constitutive heterochromatin 结构异染色质Facultative heterochromatin 兼性异异染色质Nucleosome 核小体Sister chromatid 姐妹染色单体Centromere 着丝粒Primary constriction 主缢痕初级缢痕Kinetochore 动粒 着丝点Secondary constriction 次缢痕Metacentric chromosome 中着丝粒染色体Submetacentric chromosome 近中着丝粒染色体Subtelocentric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体Telocentric chromosome 端着丝粒染色体Fibrillar centers 纤维中心Dense fibrillar component 致密纤维成分Granular component 颗粒成分Nuclear organizer region NOR 核仁组织区细胞分裂Cell proliferation 细胞增殖Cell division 细胞分裂Amitosis 无丝分裂Mitosis 有丝分裂Meiosis 减数分裂Spindle 纺锤体Cell cycle 细胞周期Gap1 phase G1 合成前期Synthetic phase S 合成期Gap2 phase G2 合成后期Restriction point R限制点/checkpoint 检验点Unscheduled DNA synthesis UDS DNA期外合成Maturation promoting factor MPF 成熟促进因子Contractile ring 收缩环Cleavage furrow 分裂沟Midbody 中间体Premature chromosome condensation PCC 染色体提前凝集Diploid 二倍体Interkinesis 间期Prophase 前期 Leptotene 细线期 Zygotene 偶线期 Homologous chromosome同源染色体 Synapsis 联会 Synaptinemal complex 联会复合体 Central element 中央成分 Pachytene 粗线期 Bivalent 二价体 Tetrad四分体 Chiasma 交叉Diplotene 双线期Chiasma terminalization 交叉端化Diakinesis 终变期Metaphase 中期Anaphase 后期Telophase 末期Genotype 基因型Phenotype 变现型Homozygote 纯合子Dominant homozygote 显性纯合子Recessive homozygote 隐性纯合子Heterozygote 杂合子Allele 等位基因Dominant character 显性性状Recessive character 隐性性状Complete linkage 完全连锁Incomplete linkage 不完全连锁Law of linkage and crossing-over 连锁交换定律Inherited disease 遗传性疾病Congenital disease 先天性疾病Familial disease 家族性疾病Monogenic disease 单基因病Polygenic disorder 多基因病Chromosomal disorder 染色体病Somatic genetic disorder 体细胞遗传病Mitochondrial genetic disorders 线粒体遗传病Complete dominance 完全显性 Autosomal dominant inheritance 常染色体显性遗传Irregular dominance 不规则显性Penetrance 外显率Expressivity 表现度Incomplete dominance 不完全显性Codominance 共显性遗传Multiple alleles 复等位基因Delayed dominance 延迟显性Sex-influence dominance 从性显性Autosomal recessive inheritance AR 常染色体隐性遗传Consanguinity 近亲Consanguineous marriage近亲婚配Coefficient of relationship 亲缘系数First degree relative 一级亲属Second degree relative 二级亲属Third degree relative 三级亲属X-linked dominant inheritance XD X连锁遗传Criss-cross inheritance 交叉遗传X-linked recessive inheritance XR X连锁隐性遗传Y-linked inheritance Y连锁遗传Polygenic inheritance 多基因遗传Multifactorial inheritance 多因子遗传Minor gene 微效遗传Multiple factor hypothesis 多基因假说Polygenic disease 多基因病Multifactorial disease 多因子病Liability 易患性Threshold 阈值Threshold theory 阈值学说Heritability 遗传率Monozygotic twins 单卵双生Dizygotic twins 二卵双生Chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变Chromosome set 染色体组Euploid 整倍体Triploid 三倍体Tetraploid 四倍体Diandry 双雄受精Digyny 双雌受精Aneuplo