弥散张量成像论文：运动功能的脑组织结构与年龄相关性的DTI研究.doc

弥散张量成像论文：运动功能的脑组织结构与年龄相关性的DTI研究【中文摘要】运动是一种传统而有效的锻炼身体方式,它有利于保持人的身体健康。对于运动的这项功效,人们长期以来都比较关注。近来有学者发现有氧运动是最好的大脑训练,同时也有研究报道运动能够延缓脑的老化。随着我们的社会逐渐进入高龄化,正常脑老化也会随之而来,因为脑老化是一种客观存在的规律。因此,本文采用弥散张量成像技术,通过一系列弥散指标参数,来观测跟运动功能相关的脑组织结构与年龄之间的相关性变化。希望通过此研究,能对认识脑老化过程和延缓脑老化有所帮助。同时也希望,认识到随年龄增长,运动功能衰退与脑物理组织结构之间的变化关系,能对体育教育有一些的帮助。本文选取了86名健康被试(数据来源ICBM数据库),并选取部分各向异性、平均弥散率、纵向弥散率和横向弥散率作为弥散指标参数；对锥体系的双侧皮质脊髓束和锥体外系的双侧纹状体(包含双侧的尾核、苍白球和壳核)进行年龄相关性的研究。分别取每侧部位的各项指标参数值的均值作为统计分析的统计量。1)采用配对t检验比较随年龄增长左右半球间同一脑组织结构的FA、MD、L和T值之间的差异；2)采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)5个年龄组之间每个部位的各项指标的差异,两两比较时采用LSD方法。并绘制各组间每个部位的各项指标值的多重线图；3)对于每个部位的各项指标值,采用pearson相关分析研究其与年龄的相关性,计算相关系数,并绘制其随年龄增长的变化趋势图。通过实验发现随着年龄增长,在所选取的四个部位中双侧苍白球的差异最大,而双侧壳核的差异最小。在各年龄组的比较中发现,组V与其他组的差异最明显；壳核在各年龄组中的组间差异最大,因为壳核的各项指标参数值均具有组间差异,差异最小的是尾核；通过五个年龄组间的多重线性图分析,发现与其他三个部位的各项指标参数值相比,皮质脊髓束的FA值比其他三个部位的FA值更高；而其MD、L和T值比其他三个部位的对应值要更低；MD值随着年龄增长的整体变化与T值的整体变化最为相似。在运动功能的脑组织结构与年龄相关性分析中发现,皮质脊髓束和苍白球的MD、L和T值与年龄存在一定的正相关性。左侧壳核的MD、L和T值与年龄存在一定的正相关性；而其右侧L值与年龄相关性不强,MD和T值与年龄有一定的正相关性,而FA值与年龄存在一定的负相关性。尾核的各项指标参数都与年龄的相关性不强。总之,随着年龄的增加,每个部位的各项参数值大体趋势是FA值下降,而MD、L和T值的升高,其中尾核的变化最小。【英文摘要】Exercise is a traditional and effective way to build up our bodies, and it is helpful to keep health for us, to which has been paid attention for a long time. Recently, aerobic exercise is thought to be the best brain training method and exercise is reported to be able to stay brain aging. As our society gradually entering into old aging, the normal brain aging problem follows, because brain aging is an objective regular pattern. Therefore, using diffusion tensor imaging technique, correlation changes between brain tissue that dedicate to motor functions and age are observed through a series of diffusion index parameters. This thesis is hoped to give some help to make the process of brain aging clear and slow the process down. Meanwhile, we assume that some help can be given for physical education when the relationship between motor function decline and cerebral physical tissues is recognized.86 health participants were chosen as subjects, and the datasets downloaded from ICBM database.Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusion, longitudinal diffusivity and transverse diffusivity were selected as diffusion index parameters in the experiment. Bilateral corticospinal tracts at pyramidal system and bilateral corpus striatums (include caudate nucleus, pallidum and putamen) at the extrapyramidal system were choosed as observed brain tissue parts.All the diffusion index parameters value of each parts were averaged as statistics for statistic analysis.1) paired-t test was employed to compare the difference between each bilateral parts by their diffusion index parameters value (FA, MD,L andT) along with aging.2) One-Way AN OVA was used to find the difference of each groups by their index parameters value, LSD method was selected as paired comparison approach. The index parameter values of each parts have been drawn multiple line charts.3) pearson correlation was exerted to research the correlation between the index values of each parts and age, the correlation coefficients were computed and the tendency charts of aging were drawn.Through the experiment, the greatest difference was found in bilateral pallidums and the least difference was in bilateral putamens. Comparing between the five age groups, it was found that group V have the most significant difference. In comparing analysis, it was also discovered that putamens had the most difference among groups since each indexs of putamens has the significant difference, while caudates has the least. By analyzing the multiple line charts of five groupsindex parameters values, it was found that corticospinal tractsFA values were higher than other three parts, while its MD,L,T were lower than the others; MD valuesoverall change is similar toT. In the section of analyzing correlation between motion functional brain tissue and aging, it was found that all the index parameters of corticospinal tracts and pallidums had a positive correlation with age. Besides, the left putamens MD,L andT had a certain extent positive correlation with age, while the right putamensL had irrelevance and FA has a certain degree negative correlation. And indexs parameters value of every caudate had a feeble correlation with age. In brief, as the age grows, the general trend of all index parameter values in all selecting parts showed that FA values declined, while MD,L,T values rised, and caudate nucleus changed least.【关键词】弥散张量成像 年龄 运动功能 皮质脊髓束 纹状体【英文关键词】Diffusion tensor imaging Age Motion function Corticospinal tract Corpus striarum【目录】运动功能的脑组织结构与年龄相关性的DTI研究摘要3-4Abstract4-51 绪论8-121.1 引言8-91.2 研究意义9-101.3 本文研究的主要内容101.4 本文的结构安排10-122 大脑的结构和运动功能12-222.1 大脑的结构和机能12-162.1.1 大脑的结构12-132.1.2 大脑皮层的分区及机能13-152.1.3 大脑白质的结构及机能15-162.2 脑功能学说16-182.3 运动的脑控制18-222.3.1 中枢运动控制系统18-192.3.2 运动传导通路19-202.3.3 脑运动组织关键区域20-223 弥散张量成像及其定量分析技术22-303.1 弥散张量成像原理22-243.1.1 弥散现象22-233.1.2 弥散加权成像233.1.3 弥散张量成像23-243.2 弥散张量成像的导出量24-273.2.1 弥散张量的特征值和特征方向24-253.2.2 平均弥散率25-263.2.3 各向异性指数26-273.3 弥散张量成像的定量分析技术27-303.3.1 扩散张量成像的纤维追踪27-283.3.2 扩散张量成像的统计分析方法28-304 运动功能脑组织结构的DTI数据处理方法30-374.1 DTI数据格式及处理软件30-314.1.1 实验数据304.1.2 软件工具30-314.2 图像预处理31-354.2