The_value_of_working.ppt

Thevalueofworking byLanceMorrow Introductionofthewriter LanceMorrowwasbornonSeptember21 1939 Hisfather HughMorrow wasachiefaide e d 助手 副官 toNelsonRockefeller Morrowgraduatedmagnacumlaude 以优异学业成绩 fromHarvardUniversityin1963withaBAinEnglishliterature HelivesinChatham NewYork withhiswifeSusanBrindMorrow whoisalsoanauthor Theyhavetwosons Justin awriterandfilmmaker andJames apoliticalconsultant k n s lt nt顾问 andjournalist LanceMorrow scousinisthesciencefictionwriterJamesK Morrow LanceMorrowhaswrittenmorethan150Timecoverstories AUniversityProfessoratBostonUniversity andtheauthorofsevenbooks includingEvil AnInvestigation andTheBestYearofTheirLives Kennedy Johnson andNixonin1948 LowerManhattan LowerManhattanisthesouthernmostpartoftheislandofManhattan themainislandandcenterofbusinessandgovernmentoftheCityofNewYork LowerManhattanor downtown isdefinedmostcommonlyastheareadelineated d l n e t 描绘 描写 onthenorthby14thStreet onthewestbytheHudsonRiver ontheeastbytheEastRiver andonthesouthbyNewYorkHarbor alsoknownasUpperNewYorkBay WhenreferringspecificallytothelowerManhattanbusinessdistrictanditsimmediateenvirons thenorthernborderiscommonlydesignatedbythoroughfaresapproximatelyamile and a halfsouthof14thStreetandamilenorthoftheisland ssoutherntip ChambersStreetfromneartheHudsoneasttotheBrooklynBridgeentrancesandoverpass Twoothermajorarteriesarealsosometimesidentifiedasthenorthernborderof lower or downtownManhattan CanalStreet roughlyhalfamilenorthofChambersStreet and23rdStreet roughlyhalfamilenorthof14thStreet AnchoredbyWallStreet inLowerManhattan NewYorkCityisthefinancialcapitaloftheworldandishometotheNewYorkStockExchange theworld slargeststockexchangebymarketcapitalizationofitslistedcompanies TheBronx TheBronxisthenorthernmostofthefiveboroughsofNewYorkCity Itisalso knownasBronxCounty thelastofthe62countiesofNewYorkStatetobeincorporated LocatednorthofManhattanandQueens andsouthofWestchesterCounty theBronxistheonlyboroughlocatedprimarilyonthemainland In2010 theCensusBureauestimatedthattheborough spopulationonJuly1 2009was1 397 287 inhabitingalandareaof42squaremiles 109km2 ThismakestheBronxthefourth most populatedofthefiveboroughs thefourth largestinlandarea andthethird highestindensityofpopulation TheDepression 美 大萧条时期 TheGreatDepressionwasasevereworldwideeconomicdepressioninthedecadeprecedingWorldWarII ThetimingoftheGreatDepressionvariedacrossnations butinmostcountriesitstartedinabout1929andlasteduntilthelate1930sorearly1940s Itwasthelongest mostwidespread anddeepestdepressionofthe20thcentury Inthe21stcentury theGreatDepressioniscommonlyusedasanexampleofhowfartheworld seconomycandecline ThedepressionoriginatedintheU S startingwiththefallinstockpricesthatbeganaroundSeptember4 1929andbecameworldwidenewswiththestockmarketcrashofOctober29 1929 knownasBlackTuesday Fromthere itquicklyspreadtoalmosteverycountryintheworld TheGreatDepressionhaddevastating dev steiti effectsinvirtuallyeverycountry richandpoor Personalincome taxrevenue profitsandpricesdroppedwhileinternationaltradeplungedby to UnemploymentintheU S roseto25 andinsomecountriesroseashighas33 Citiesallaroundtheworldwerehithard especiallythosedependentonheavyindustry Constructionwasvirtuallyhaltedinmanycountries Farmingandruralareassufferedascroppricesfellbyapproximately60 Facingplummetingdemandwithfewalternate lt ne t sourcesofjobs areasdependentonprimarysectorindustriessuchascashcropping miningandloggingsufferedthemost Someeconomiesstartedtorecoverbythemid 1930s However inmanycountriesthenegativeeffectsoftheGreatDepressionlasteduntilthestartofWorldWarII Homervillein30 sGreatDepression Foreightyearsdustblewonthesouthernplains Itcameinayellowish brownhazefromtheSouthandinrollingwallsofblackfromtheNorth Thesimplestactsoflife breathing eatingameal takingawalk werenolongersimple Childrenworedustmaskstoandfromschool womenhungwetsheetsoverwindowsinafutileattempttostopthedirt farmerswatchedhelplesslyastheircropsblewaway TheDustBowlofthe1930slastedaboutadecade ItsprimaryareaofimpactwasonthesouthernPlains ThenorthernPlainswerenotsobadlyeffected butnonetheless thedrought windblowndustandagriculturaldeclinewerenostrangerstothenorth InfacttheagriculturaldevastationhelpedtolengthentheDepressionwhoseeffectswerefeltworldwide ThemovementofpeopleonthePlainswasalsoprofound Vocabulary implausible m pl z bl m pl z bl 说不通的 不合情理的sweatshop swet p swet p 血汗工厂machinery m i n ri m i n ri 总称 机械 机器avail ve l ve l 有利于 有益foothold f th ld f tho ld 立脚处 稳固的地位halcyon h lsi n h lsi n 平静的 宁静的aspiration sp re n sp re n 渴望acute kju t kju t 剧烈的 尖锐的recession r se n r se n 经济的 衰退 期 residual r z dju l r z d u l 残留的 剩余的 apocalyptic p k l pt k p k l pt k 预示世界末日恐怖景象的capsize k p sa z k psa z 船等 倾覆 翻cushion k n k n 起缓解作用的东西catastrophic k t str f k k t str f k 灾难的 灾祸的extortionate k st n t k st r n t 敲诈勒索的OPEC pek o pek OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries 石油输出国家组织gauge e d e d 量度计tort t t t rt 侵权行为assert s t s rt 坚称 主张self actualization kt la ze n kt l ze n 自我实现degenerate d d en re t d d en re t 堕落 退化infatuation n f t u e n n f t u e n 热恋 迷恋vaporously ve p r sl ve p r sl 飘渺地 沉迷于空想地dead end陷入僵局 走进死胡同 patchwork p t w k p t w rk 拼缀物pluralistic pl r l st k pl r l st k 多元文化的perch p t p rt 坐落在 处在Chicano t k n t k no 奇卡诺人Sierra si er si er 美国西部的锡拉山脉seigneurial sei nj ri l 封建 领主的 摆出贵族气派的cant k nt k nt 某阶层或团体的 惯用术语 伪善言辞untouchable n t t bl n t t bl 贱民 印度被排除在姓制度外的最低阶层的人 excrement ekskr m nt ekskr m nt 排泄物 粪便Bombay b m bei 孟买malaise m le z m le z 身体不适 虚弱Chrysler克莱斯勒 著名的汽车制造商 fallacy f l si f l si 谬误elitist li t st li t st 杰出人物的 具有高人一等优越感的discourse d sk s d sk rs 讲述 著述brutalization bru t la ze n bru t la ze n 残酷schmooze mu z mu z 闲谈 闲扯pimp p mp p mp 拉皮条的男人Renaissance r ne sns ren s ns 文艺复兴effusion fju n fju n 作品或谈话中思想感情的 迸发 倾泻infinite nf n t nf n t 无穷的 无限的 protestantvalue pr t st nt pr t st nt 新教劳动价值观 鼓励个人努力工作 追求成功 theDustBowl干旱尘暴区foodstamp食品券knocksb out使筋疲力竭hierarchyofneeds ha r ki ha r rki 需要层次论boatpeople乘船出逃的难民 移民 Hierarchyofneeds需要层次论 该理论将需求分为五种 像阶梯一样从低到高 按层次逐级递升 分别为 生理上的需求 安全上的需求 情感和归属的需求 尊重的需求 自我实现的需求 另外两种需要 求知需要和审美需要 这两种需要未被列入到他的需求层次排列中 他认为这二者应居于尊重需求与自我实现需求之间 Mainideaofeachparagraph Para 1 Newtechnologychangedpeople sattitudetowardswork Para 2 WorkethicofimmigrantsandProtestantscametomergeintoanewattitudetowardswork Para 3 TheideaofworkingfordignityhasgonenowadaysintheUS TopicsentenceofPara 4 Theworkethicisnotdead butitisweakernow TopicsentenceofPara 5 Todayelaboratefinancialcushionshavemadeitlesscatastrophictobeoutofajobforawhile TopicsentenceofPara 6 Becausetoday sworkersarebettereducatedthanthoseinthepast theirexpectationsarehigher Para 7 9 Theimportanceofworkingliesnotonlyinsustainingone slife butalsoinotherfunctions suchasofferingone sidentity organizingsociety andsocializing Para 10 13 Summaryoftheimportanceofworking ReadingComprehension 1 Trytoanalyzetheprocessoftheevolutionofthevalueofwork duringthe19thcenturyindustrialization formostseatshop workeritwasimplausible whileforgenerationsofimmigrants workwasultimatelyavailing duringtheGreatDepression workerssurrenderedthemseslvestoworktoday TheideaofworkingfordignityhasgonenowadaysintheUS 2 Trytoanalyzethestructureofthisarticle Explainyourreason Layersofprogressive orgoforwardonebyone 递进结构 fromthe