英语四级 翻译考点总结.doc

苏州昂立精品四级强化2班英语比较结构具体考点：一：原级比较一般用 as as ; not as as ; the same as ; 特殊结构 A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 难点结构：as+adj.+n.+as分句 和 as much/many + 名词+ as 分句 The work is not as difficult as you think.Air is to us as/what water is to fish. 我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。This book is twice as thick as that one.George is as efficient worker as Jack. = George is a worker(who is) as efficient as Jack.I dont want as expensive a car as this = I dont want a car as expensive as thisI cant drink as sweet coffee as this=I cant drink coffee as sweet as this.He took as much butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother( has).二：比较级常用结构 A 比较级 than + B 特殊结构：the more the more (越越)； more and more （越来越）This question is less difficult than that that question. (比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物)Iron is more useful than any other metal. (比较对象具有所属关系, 含有最高级含义)The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 三：以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to 而不是than. 这些词是：superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minorHe is three years senior to me. This type of computer is superior to that type.四：最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较，所以比较的范围自然是少不了。一般表示地方用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of. ( 即the +最高级in /of ) The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the world.The youngest member of the family is most successful.Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used.五：在 more than 结构中， than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than whatThere are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than=than what)天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。The medicine is more effective than is expected.六：英语中有一小部分表示绝对意义的形容词没有比较级和最高级。如：dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, complete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, finalabsolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous 七：几组由 “more than ；more than” 和“no / not 比较级” 等构成的惯用句式及其义。more than 其含义为: “不仅是， 非常， 十分”等， 用法和意义较多。 more than 其含义可以是: “与其说不如说， 不是而是”What we are doing today is more than donating some money.今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。Their action was more than justified. 他们的行动是完全有理由的。He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅”not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过” He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有5美元。（强调少）He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过仅有5美元。（强调数额少于5美元）no more than含有消极否定的意思，可译为“A与B都不，不 也不”not more than 含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异。He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。（两人都不勤奋）He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。（两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋）no less than = as much as 意为：“竟有之多，多达”强调多not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，可观地描述no less than 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为：“是是， 正是， 和 一样, 多达，应有之多”His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。（强调多）His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。（不强调多或少）The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 这位中年人正是新来的部长。Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌声和以前一样甜美。补充：not so much as It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.It wasnt so much that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested. 1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“宁愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如： Shed rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。He is an explorer rather than a sailor. She enjoys singing rather than dancing 3.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做.而不做.” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。4.prefer that从句“宁愿”（从句一般用虚拟语气）I prefer that you should do it.我宁愿你做这件事。 5.Prefer sth. to sth.“宁愿做.而不做.”. I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去。 6.prefer to do “愿意做”。I prefer to go at once.我愿意马上就走。 prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做” I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走。7.prefer名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。 倒装结构一、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装 某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，表示强调，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never，seldom ， rarely，no soonerthan，hardlyscarcely barelywhen，no，little，nowhere，not， hardly，no longer， not until，not onlybut also等等。 1、never，rarely，seldom位于句首，用于进行比较，句子要求用倒装结构。例如： Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power 2、no sooner than，hardly scarcely barely when位于句首，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，句子要求用倒装结构。例如： Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to clean Scarcely had it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home 3、在由neither，nor开头、引导的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）的句子中，要求用倒装结构，neither，nor为否定的附和。例如： The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet，and neither had the chairs I could not persuade him to accept it，nor could I make him see the importance of it 但是，neither用作主语或主语的一部分时，不用倒装结构。例如： Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted 4、含有not until的强调句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。例如： 1）Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground 2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation 5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources 2）Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country 6、含有no、表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类介词短语有：at no point（决不），at no time，by no means，in no case，in no circumstances，in no sense，in no shape，in no way，in no wise， on no account，on no consideration，under no circumstances，in no time（立刻），in vain（徒劳），not once，still less等等。例如： 1）We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs 2）At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first 二、其他副词引起的倒装 在以下列副词及连接词开头的句子中，要求用倒装结构。常见的副词有：only，so， here，there，now，often，then，down，out， in，up，hence，thus，well，off，away，twice， gladly，many a time等等。 1、在由only开头的句子中，only后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard 2）Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests 如果only在句首，但是only后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，则不用倒装结构。 2、在由so开头、引导的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）的句子中，要求用倒装结构，so为肯定的附和。例如： John had been working hard and so had his brother 3、由there引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform 4、由there或now引起的句子、谓语为 come（go）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）There comes the bus 2）Now comes your turn 5、由here引起的句子、谓语为be的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）Here are some good newly-published novels 2）Here is Chinas largest tropical forest 但是，如果主语是人称代词时，由here和 there引出的句子也不用倒装结构。例如： 1）Here we are 2）Here you are 6、由then引起的句子、谓语为come（follow）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）Then come wind，hail and frost 2）Then came a new difficulty 7、由often引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如： Often did we warn them not to do so 三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装 1、在含有were，had，should的虚拟条件状语中，如果省略了连接词if，要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday 2）Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party 3）Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams 2、在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面，表示祝愿。例如： 1）May this book in a small way help to improve your English 2）Long live friendship！ 四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装 在比较状语从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，常常可以在主语前添加助动词do（be）代替前面出现过的动词。这时，比较对象放在这个do（be）后面，形成一种部分倒装的形式； 1）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others 2）The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years ago The more you explain, the more confused I am.在由no matter how，however和how引导的方式状语从句中，其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前，而形成部分倒装。例如： 1）However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam 2）No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early 五、在由soadvadj that和such that引出的结果状语从句中，要求用倒装句。例如： 1）So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed 2）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape 3）So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him 六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分，往往可以用倒装结构。例如： 1）A very capable young man he is 4）Standing beside the table was an interpreter 七、在感叹的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语，而补语又被what或how修饰时，要求用倒装结构。例如： 1）What a great project it is！ 2）How beautiful these hills look with the clouds behind them ！ 虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1.(should)+动词原形的情形(已考)2.if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)3.wish, if only, it is time的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面(情形1)动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。3在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。真题重现【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).参考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.if或but for等引导的条件句if引导虚拟条件句的用法 条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(had done)would have done与将来事实相反一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should